lar at the base. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Follicles numerous, sessile,
somewhat cylindrical, many-seeded.—Perennial glabrous herbs ; with
fibrous-fasciculate roots, and palmately divided leaves ; the segments many-
cleft.
1. IT. laxus (Salisb.): sepals 5-6, spreading; petals 15-25, shorter than
me stamens.—Salisb. m Linn, trans. S.p. 303 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 391; Gray !
m Ann. lyc. New- York, 3. p. 222. T. Americanus, Muhl.! cat. p. 56 ; DC.
prodr. 1.p. 46 •, Hook. fl. Bor-Am. l:p. 23.
Sphagnous swamps, Canada to Pennsylvania! Delaware! Eastern declivity
of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52° and 55°, Drummond. May.—
£ , 1-2 ieet high, erect. Flowers twice as large as in Ranunculus acris.
feepals ochroleucous with a tinge of green beneath. Petals minute, much
snorter than the stamens, deep orange-.yellow. Carpels 8-15.
10. COPTIS. Salisb. in Linn, trans. 8. p. 305.
Sepals 5-6, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-6. Stamens 15-25. Follicles
5-10; on long ^tipes, somewhat stellately diverging, membranaceous,
ovate-oblong, pointed with the • style, 4-8-s6eded.—Herbs with radical, divided,
subcoriaceous leaves, and very slender extensively creeping roots.'
§ 1.' Petals very small, cucullate-obconic.—-Chryza, Raf,
1. C. trifolia (Salisb.): leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets cuneiform-obovate
erenately and mucronately toothed, obscurely 3-lobed; scape 1-flowered —
Salisb. 1. c .; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 390; DC. prodr. 1. p. 47 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 2 3 Bigel. med. bot. 1. t. 5. Hellebores trifolius, L in n .; Michx. fl.
1. p. 325. Chrysa borealis, R a f. in Desv. jour. 'bot'. 2. p. 170.
Bogs, Greenland, and Labrador ! to Pennsylvania! North West America!
Sitcha! Unalaschka! May-June.—Roots consisting of long bright-yellow
fibres, intensely bitter. Leaves evergreen; leaflets about an inch lono-.
Scape slender, 3-5 inches high. Sepals 5-7, oblong, obtuse, white. Petals
much shorter than the sepals, yellow at the base. Carpels acuminated with
the persistent style. Seeds oblong, black and shining; raphe very indistinct.
. ■ " ■ ,'
§ 2. Petals and sepals linear, consimilar.—Chrysocoptis, Nutt.
2. C. occidentalis: leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets petiolulate, broadly ovate,
subcordate, 3-lobed, incisely toothed; scape short, 3-flowered.—Chrysocoptis
occidentalis, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 9. t. 1.
Rocky Mountains, Mr. Wy eth !—Roots long and slender, bright
yellow, arising from a short thick rhizoma. Leaves sempervirent, dark green,
about an inch and a half long, and nearly of the same breadth. Flowers on
very snort pedicels. Petals about 6, with claws, similar to the sepals and of
equal length, not hooded. Ovaries 8-10. Fruit not seen. Nutt.*—Habit and
leaves of C. trifolia: flowers near C. asplenifolia. The scape probably
lengthens in maturity.
§ 3. Petals and sepals somewhat similar: petals dilated and cucullate
in the .middle, longer than the sepals.—P terophyllom, Nutt.
3. C. asplenifolia (Salisb.): leaves biternate; leaflets somewhat pinnatifid,
acutely serrate ; scape 2-flowered ; sepals 5, hnear-lanceolate reflexed.
Salisb. 1. c. ; Pursh, fl. 2 p 391; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 23. t 11
North West America ! Sitcha !-Rhizoma thick, horizontal branching,
throwing off long blackish fibres. Scape at first shorter than the leaves, m
fruit elongated; pedicels very long. Flowers white. Petals 5, very long
and narrow, dilated and concave-cucullate in the middle, filiformly attenuated
upwards. Carpels ylith a very short point at the summit.
11. ENEMION. R a f. in jour. phys. (1820) 2. p. 70.
Sepals 5, petaloid, deciduous. Petals none. Stamens 20-30. Ovaries
3-6 (mostly 4), 2-ovuled: style as long as the ovary: stigma glandular, recurved.
Follicles 2-6, sessile, ovate, compressed, acuminate with the style,
2-seeded. Seeds large, ovate, compressed,’ with a prominent cord-like Taphe:
albumen oily.—A slender smooth herbaceous perennial. Leaves bitemately
divided, with lobed membranaceous segments. Flowers white. Roots fibrous
and grumous.
E. biternatum (Raf.! 1. c.) -D C . prodr. 1. p. 48. Isopyrum thalic-
troides, Short! cat. pi. Kentucky, 1. p. 8 ; Hook! m jour. bot. p. 187.
^ Moist shady places, Kentucky, Dr. Short! Dr. P eter! Indiana, Dr.
Clapp! Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! Ohio, Riddell. May.—Root consisting
of a tuft of thick fibres, often grumous. Stems several, 6-10 inches fiigfl,
moderately branched. Radical leaves, and those on the lower part of the
stem on Ion«' petioles, biternate: leaflets roundish, 3-lobed; the lobes very-
obtuse Petioles auricled at the base. Flowers on filiform peduncles which
are at length much elongated, terminal, and axillary near the upper part of
the stem about three-fourths of an inch in diameter. Sepals obovate obtuse,
white. Petals always wanting. Stamens half as long as the sepals: filaments
filiform: anthers ovate. Ovaries seldom less than 3, or more than 5,
ovate Style ’ somewhat clavate; nearly the upper half stigmatic on the
inner side. Carpels broadly ovate, marked with a few strong oblique veins,
spreading in a radiated manner and at length reflexed, acuminated with the
persistent style. Seeds nearly a line and a half in length, minutely pubes-
cent. Embryo very minute.—This plant so greatly resembles Isopyrum
thalictroides, that without the fruit, it can only be distinguished by a close
examination. »
12. AQUILEGlA. L in n .; DC. syst. 1. p. 333.
Sepals 5, deciduous, colored. Petals 5, somewhat bilabiate; the outer lip
large, flat and spreading ; inner one very small, produced at the base into as
many hollow spurs or horns, which descend between the sepals. Follicles 5,
erect, many-seeded, pointed with the style.—Perennial herbs with bi- or tri-
ternate leaves. Flowers terminal, scattered. Columbine.
1. A. Canadensis (Linn.): spur straight, longer than the limb; sepals
ovate or oblong, a little longer than the petals ; stamens and styles exserted.
—Michx.! ƒ . 1. p- 316 ; DC. prodr. T. p. 50; Bot. mag. t. 246; Hook.!
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 24 (in part) ; Bart. fl. Am. Sept. 1 .1. 36.
&. hybrida (Hook.): spurs incurved at the apex; styles shorter; flowers
purplish.—Hook. 1. c.—“ A. Canadensis 0. violacea; spurs nearly twice the
length of the petals.” Nutt. ! mss.