apex, glabrous, of the same color both sides ; panicle dense, oblong, obtuse ;
flowers small; stamens twice the length of the (rose-color) corolla ; carpels
5, glabrous. Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 173.
Oregon, Menzies ! Nuttall!—This species, as Mr. Nuttall remarks, seems
more nearly allied to S. salicifolia than to S. Douglasii: indeed it does not
obviously differ from some states of that species, except in the very dense
and dbtuse panicle.
* * * Flowers in large and loose compound panicles: calyx deeply 5-cleft,
spreading : disk wholly coherent, entire : ovules 2, collateral !
8. S. aricefolia (Smith): leaves broadly ovate, petioled, obtuse, pinnatifidly
incised or somewhat lobed, dentate with mucronate teeth, almost
glabrous above, canescently hairy or tomentose beneath; panicle large and
loose, much branched, and, with the calyx, tonientose-pubescent; segments
of the calyx acute, spreading; carpels 5, broad, compressed, margined,
very hirsute.—Smith! in Rees, cycl. ;■ Seringe, in DC. 1. c .; Lincll.! hot.
reg. t. 1365 ; Hook.! ji. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 173, hot.' Beechey, suppl. p.
338.
/?. discolor: leaves much smaller, cuneiform at the base, the serratures
scarcely mucronate, silvery-tomentose beneath.— S. discolor, Pursh.! jl. 1.
p. 342 ; Seringe, l. c .; Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 195. S.
dumosa, Nutt,.! mss.
N. W. Coast! Oregon! and California! (Menzies! Douglas! Dr.
Scouler! Nuttall!) 0. In the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James! Nuttall!
and on the Kooskoosky River, Lewis ! June-July.—The ordinary form is
frequently somewhat arborescent, according to Nuttall, with a stout trunk,
rising to the height of 12-14 feet. His S. dumosa is said to be a low shrub,
confined to mountain regions. Douglas’s Californian specimens are quite
intermediate between the two, and probably came from the bach country :
the young leaves agree well with the description of Pursh.
§ 3. Flowers perfect, sometimes tetramerous : disk obsolete: sepals reflexed:
carpels distinct, straight or sometimes cortorted : ovules about 2, one above
the other, pendulous: stigmas capitate, usually very large: seeds . . . . :
herbs with pinnately divided stipulate leaves: inflorescence paniculate-
cymose.— U u m a r ia , Moench.
9. S. lobata (Murr.) : leaves pinnately 3-5-7-foliolate, often with smaller
stipulate leaflets interposed ; lateral leaflets cuneiform at the base, palmate-
ly 3-parted or lobed; the terminal one 7-9 parted, very large ; the lobes all
serrate, mostly incised or toothed ; stipules reniform, persistent; panicle very
compound, cymosely branched; flowers large, deep rose-color; sepals reflexed
; styles short; stigma very large; carpels 6-8, glabrous, straight.—
Murr. syst. p. 472: Jacq. hort. Vindob. t. 88/ Michx.! fl. 1. p. 294;
Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1062 ; Ell. 1. c .; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 545.
S. palmata, Linn, suppl. p. 262, not of Thunb.
Moist grounds and prairies, Pennsylvania ! and Michigan ! to S. Carolina
! (towards the mountains) and Kentucky ! June—July.—Stem 5-8 feet
high, glabrous, striate, and angled. Upper cauline leaves short, 3-lobed.
Flowers numerous, incompletely cymose.—The bruised leaves are said to
exhale an odor similar to that of the Winter green.
10. S. Kamstchatica (Pallas) : leaves simply palmate, the upper ones
somewhat hastate or lanceolate ; petioles appendiculate ; flowers corymbose;
sepals hairy, reflexed ; carpels very hirsute, parallel; styles somewhat capitate.
Seringe— Pall.fl. Ross. 1. p. 41, t. 94 8p 48 ; Willd. 1. c .; DC. 1. c. ;
Spreng, syst. p. 503.
Aleutian Islands, ex Sprengel.
§ 4. Flowers dioecious: disk entire, coherent: filaments very long: carpels
distinct: ovules 8—12, pendulous : seeds with a loose membranous testa, attenuate
at each end: branching herbs, with tripinnately divided exstipulate
leaves: spikes filiform, very numerous, in a large compound panicle: pedicels
reflexed in fru it— Aruncus, Seringe.
11. S. Aruncus (Linn.) : leaves tripinnatè, membranaceous ; leaflets
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, the terminal ones ovate-lanceolate, sharply and
mcisely doubly serrate ; flowers very numerous ; carpels 3-5, very glabrous.
—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 496; Pall.fl. Ross. 1. t. 6 ; Michx. ! fl. \ . p. 294 ; Ell.
sk. 1 .p. 561; Seringe! 1. c .; Hook.! 1. c. S. acuminata, Dougl. ! mss. ;
Nutt. ! niss.
Pennsylvania ! and on the Cattskill Mountains, New York ! to Georgia !
Kentucky! and Missouri! mostly in the mountains. Also in the Rocky
Mountains! and Oregon! to Sitcha! on the N. W. Coast. June-July.__
A tall branching herb ; the panicle of slender spicate racemes large and
compound. Flowers very small, white.—Both Nuttall and Douglas consider
the western plant a distinct species; but our opinion coincides with
that of Bongard and Hooker, who are unable to distinguish them. The variety
with perfect flowers, first mentioned by Michaux, is probably Astilbe
decandra (Tiarella biternata, Vent.), which in habit strikingly resembles this
plant.—Goat’s-beard. '
§ 5. Floivers perfect: disk wholly coherent with the tube of the calyx: filaments
united at the base, shorter than thé obovate petals: ovaries 5 (4—6),
distinct, woolly along the inside: styles filiform, deciduous : stigma obtuse:
ovules about 6, pendulous from near the summit of the ovary: seeds 4, attenuate
at each end: stem nearly herbaceous, low : leaves exstipulate, pal-
mately cleft: raceme or panicle short, crowded— L utkea, Bongard.
(Eriogynia, Hook.)
12. S.pectinata: stems caespitose, creeping; branches short, erect, leafy ;
leaves rigid, much attenuated and linear at the base, twice or thrice 3-cleft;
the lobes linear, acute ; lower bracts similar to the leaves ; raceme woolly
(often compound), somewhat capitate, elongated in fruit—Saxifraga pectinata,
Pursh! fl. 4. p. 312. Lutkea sibbaldioides, Bong.! veg. Sitcha, in mem.
acad. St. Petersb. (ser. 6.) 2.p. 130, t. 2. Eriogynia pectinata, Hook. ! fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 255, t. 88.
Behring’s Straits, Menzies! Sitcha, Bongard! Norfolk Sound, Esch-
scholtz! Mount Ranier, Mr. Tolmie! “ Height of Land” on the Rocky
Mountains near the sources of the Oregon, Drummond /—This interesting
plant cannot well be distinguished from Spiraea, unless that genus should be
broken up into several, as has been proposed. Endlicher, we observe, has
left it in Saxifragaceae.
§ 6. Flowers perfect: disk free above, nearly entire: filaments distinct, rather
longer than the spatulate-oblong (minutely hairy) petals : ovaries 3-5, distinct:
styles filiform, very hairy below: stigma simple: ovules 2-3, sus