castaneous, lanceolate acuminate from a xiersistent deltoid brown-
black base ; spikes oblong, apiculate, very dense, 4—J- in. long.
Hab. Canada and United States. Very nearly allied to E . hyemale.
17. E . ROBUSTUM A. Br. in Sillim. Journ. 1841, 8 8 ; Milde,
Mon. t. 31. — Barren and fertile stems alike, 2 -6 ft. long, 4 -4 in.
diam., croot, persistent, branched at the base only; ribs 2 0 -5 0 ,
rounded, scabrous ; central hollow very large ; sheaths J -J in. long,
pale green, with a distinct black basal band, square close ribs with
a ridge 011 the back and very small connate ovate-lanceolate teeth,
with a brown middle and pale edge, and persistent black b a s e ;
spikes dense, oblong, apiculate, sessile, 4 -4 in. long.
Hab. Canada, United States, Mexico, and, according to Milde, gathered
also a t Lahore by Jacquemont and Pondicherry by Belanger. Very near E.
JiijeiimJe, and is probably the imperfectly-described E . pnealtiim Bafin. Fl".
Ludov. 1,1 (1817).
18. E . TEACHYODON A. Br. in Bot. Zeit. 1838, 169; Milde, Mon.
t. 33 ; Hook. Brit. Eerns, t. 65 ; Eng. Bot. edit. iii. t. 1896. E.
Mackaii N ewm .— Barren and fertile stems alike, branched at the
base only, erect, persistent, 1 -2 ft. long, l - 12th to l - 6 th in. diam.,
with a moderately large central hollow; ribs 8 -1 5 , close, rounded,
scabrous; sheaths tight, pale green, J—4 in. long, mostly with a
black basal baud and lanceolate acuminate brown teeth with a pale
edge and persistent grooved black base, more persistent than in E .
hijemale; lower sheaths entirely black; spikes small, dense, apiculate,
sessile.
Hab. France, Germany, Ireland, and (Scotland. Midway between E.
hyemale and E. varieyatum.
19. E . V.AEIEGATUM Sclileicli. Cat. Helv. 27 ; Milde, Mon. t. 34 ;
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 6 6 ; Eng. Bot. edit. iii. t. 1897. E . multi-
Jorme Vaucb. Monog. t. 12. E . reptans Walil. ex parte. — Barren
and fertile stems alike, branched at the base only, tufted, persistent,
4 -1 ft. long, 4 -1 lin. d iam .; central hollow sm a ll; ribs 6 -1 2 ,
ndged, scabrous, narrower than the v a lle cu lie ; sheaths rather
ventricose, l - 12th to l - 8 th in. long, black throughout or at the
a p e x ; teeth ovate cuspidate, brown-black, with a broad membranous
e d g e ; spikes small, sessile, cuspidate.
Hab. North temperate and arctic zones of both hemispheres. Vars.
arenarium and Wilsoni approach trachyodon by their more robust habit and
square grooved ribs.
20. E . SCIBPOIDES Michx. El. Bor. Amer. ii. 2 8 ; Vauch. Mon.
tab. xi. fig. 8 ; Milde, Mon. t. 85. E . reptans Wahl, ex parte.—
Barren.and fertile stems alike, densely tufted, not branched above
the base, 8 -6 in. long, 4 lin. diam., without any perceptible central
hollow ; ribs 4 -6 , prominent, triquetrous, scabrous ; sheaths black,
ventricose, l - 12 th to l - 8 th in. lo n g ; teeth lanceolate acuminate,
with a membranous border, deciduous from a persistent black b a s e ;
sirikes very small, dense, sessile, apiculate.
Hab. Northern and arctic regions of both hemispheres, ascending to
9000 ft. on the Eoeky Mountains. Closely allied to the small forms of B.
varieyatum.
Order 8 .—LYCOPODIACEÆ.
Sporaiujia uniform, compressed or turbinate, 1-8-yalved, 1 -3 -
celled, iilaoed singly in the axils of ordinary or modified leaves.
Spores uniform, globose, granulated, without elaters, usually with
three (rarely one) lines radiating from the apex, ialling to tlie
ground and giving rise to a fleshy prothallus. Hoots fibrous.
Rootstock, when present, trailing ; in VhiiHoijlossnm an annual tuber.
Stems Tu-oduced, except in Fhylloglossum, erect or creeping, alternately
dichotomously forked, with a central bundle of vascular
tissue. Leares small, sim)ple, 1-nerved, entire or serrated, continuous
with the stem, usually uniform and multifarious, rarely
dimorphic and distichous, as is usual in Selctginella. Sporangia
placed sometimes in the axils of ordinary leaves al down the
stem, sometimes aggregated in terminal spikes m the axils ol
modified leaves (bracts). Vernation circinate.
1. P h y l l o g l o s s u m * Kunze.
Sporangia reniform, 1-celled, 2-valved, crowded in a peduncled
spike, each placed free and singly in the axil of an ovate cuspidate
bract. Spores with three lines radiating from the apex. A single
species. Very distinct from the three other genera in its vegetative
organs.
p . D r u m m o n d i i Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 1843, 721 ; Hook. Ic.
t. 9 0 8 ; Be iitli. El. Austral, vii. 672. Lycopodium Sanguisorha
Spring. — Acaiilescent, with a few fleshy radical fibres and a xiair
of oblong tubers, the new one developed before the old one shrivels.
Whole plant 1 -1 4 in. long. Leaves 6 -9 in a basal rosette, linear-
subulate, ascending, about 4 in- long. Spike 4 in. long, consisting
of about twenty multifarious sporangia, each subtended by a bract,
the cusp of which overtops it.
Hab. West Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and New Zealand.
2 . L y c o po d ium 4 Linn.
Sporangia coriaceous, reniform, compressed, 1-celled, dehiscing
by a slit down the apex from end to end, placed free singly in the
axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem^ or aggregated in
terminal braoteated spikes. Spores with three lines radiating from
the apex. Stems erect or prostrate,^ copiously branched. Leaves
small, crowded, 1 -nerved, usually uniform and multifarious, rarely
dimorphous and distichous.
• See a paper by Mettenius in ‘Botanische Zeitung,’ 1867, p. 97, and an
elaborate recent account by Prof. Bower of its development and morphology m
the ‘Philosophical Transactions of the Boyal Society,’ P a rt 2, I 880, p. 660,
tabs. 71—73.
t For further information see Hooker and Greville’s Enumeration in
Hooker’s ‘ Botanical Miscellany,’ vol. ii., p. 360, and Spring’s elaborate
Monograph in vols. xv. (1842) and xxiv. (1849) of ‘ Mémoires de 1 Académie
royale de Belgique.’