in th e B o ta n ic a l G a rd en s an d E x p e d it io n s ; an d am o n g s t p r iv a te in d iv id u a ls, t o S ir W illiam M 'A r th iir ;
G e o r g e M 'L e a y , E sq . ; G . B e n n e t t , E sq ., an d th e d is t in g u ish e d n a tu r a lis t, W . S. M 'L e a y Esq o f
S y d n e y . ' *'
P .S . A t a m e e t in g o f th e L in næ a n S o c ie ty , h o ld on th e 3 rd o f N o v em b e r , an d a fte r th o
p n n tm g o f th is E s s a y vvas c om p le ted , I h ea rd a n adm irab le p ap e r read o n th e G eo g ra p h ica l
D is tr ib u tio n o f A m m a ls in th e M a la y a n , N ew G u in e a , a n d A u s tr a lia n c o n t in e n ts a n d is la n d s, b y
M r . A lf r e d -WaUaoe, w h o is s t ill in d e fa tig a b ly in v e s tig a t in g th e z o o lo g y o f th o s e c o u n tr ie s. T h e
t o ta l a b sen c e o f in fo rm a t io n a s t o th e v e g e ta tio n o f N ew G u in e a p r e c lu d e s m y a t tem p t in g an y
b o ta n ic a l o o r roh o ra tion o f o n e o f M r . W a lla c e ’s m o s t s tr ik in g fa c ts , viz . th e c om p le te difr e r ev e -
b e tw e e n th e z o o lo g y o f C e leb e s an d B o rn e o . T h e s e c o u n tr ie s are sep a ra ted h y th e S t r a its o f
M a ca ssa r , w h ic h are v e r y de ep , an d th e fo rm e r b e lo n g s to th e A u s tr a lia n z o o lo g ic a l p ro v in c e , b u t
th e la tte r t o th e M a la y a n . T h e S tr a it s o f L om b o k , t o th e so u th o f th o s e o f M a ca ssa r, a g a in , arc,
th o u g h o n ly s ix te e n mUcs b ro ad , a lso v e r y d e ep , a n d sep a ra te in th a t la titu d e th e M a la y a n "from th^
A u s t r a lia n z o o lo g ic a l p ro v in c e .
I n M r . W’a lla c e ’s pape r {w h ich I hkve n o t se en ) h e appears to h a v e ad op ted th e sam e g en e r a l
v iew s r eg a rd in g th e d is tr ib u tio n o f a n im a ls w h ich I h a v e p r om u lg a ted for th a t o f p la n ts in th e
In t r o d u c to r y E s s a y s t o th is an d th e N ew Z ea la n d E lo r a ; an d e sta b lish e s i t o n in d ep en d en t ev id en c e
o f h is ow n o b ta in in g an d o f c o n v in c in g s tr e n g th . M r . W a lla c e h a s fu r th e r arrived in d e p e n d e n t ly at
th e sam e c o n c lu s io n r e g a r d in g th e p e rm a n en c e o f v e g e ta b le a s com p a r ed w ith a n im a l fo rm s, w h ich
I h a v e p u t fo r th a t p. x ii. in n o te .
I w o u ld fu r th e r ob se rv e h e r e , to av o id am b ig u ity , th a t m y fr ien d Mr. D a rw in ’s ju s t c om p le ted
w o rk “ O n th e O r ig in o f S p e c ie s h y N a tm -a l S e le c t io n ,” from th e pe ru sa l o f m u ch o f w h ich in M S .
I h a v e p rofited so la r g e ly , h ad n o t appeared d u r in g th e p r in tin g o f th is E s s a y , or I sh o u ld have
la r g e ly q u o ted it .
K e w , Nov em b e i', 4 , 1 8 5 9 .
K E Y * T O T H E N A T U R A L O R D E R S O F T A S M A N IA N F L O W E R IN G P L A N T S .
{Chiejly adapted from Lindley's ' Feyetable Kingdom.')
DICOTYLEDONS.
I. POIYPETALODS,
A, Polyaudrous. Stamens more than 20.
§ Ovaries inferior.
Leaves simple, usually dotted with aromatic o il - g la n d s ............................XXXI.
Leaves simple, fleshy, in o d o r o u s .........................................................................XXXV. Ficoideæ.
§§ Ovaries superior.
1. Leaves stipulate.
a. Carpel, 1 or more, free.
Stamens perigynous, free. Carpels many, 1-seeded . . . XXVII. Rosaceæ.
Stamens hypogynous, free. Carpels several, 1- or several-seeded I. Rammculaceæ.
Stamens liypogynous. Carpel 1 . Flower papilionaceous . . J J N Ï . Legumiimce.
Stamens hypogynous, combined. Flower r e g u l a r .......................... XV. Malvaeeæ.
0 . Carpels more or less combined into a 3-oo -celled ovary.
Stigmas distinct, simple, filiform. Anthers opening by 1 -2 slits XV. Malvaeeæ.
2. Leaves exstipulate.
Carpel 1, many-ovuled. Fruit s u c c u l e n t .............................................. II.
Carpel 1, inany-ovuled. Fruit a l e g u m e ............................................... X X V I ..
Carpels many, free, 1 - o v u l e d ........................................................................ I. Ranunculaceæ (Clematis).
Carpels mauy, free, 2- or more- o v u l e d IV. Dilleniaceæ.
Carpels 2, combined. Ovary 2-celIed, »-ovuled. Styles 2, free XXXVl. Cunoniaceæ (Bauera).
Carpels 3, combined. Ovary 3 -celled, 3-ovuled. Styles 3, 2-partite LXXII. Fkiphorliaeeæ (Ricinocarpux).
Carpels 3 -1 2 , combined. Ovarj’ 2-celled, oo-ovuled. Styles 3 -1 2 , free X VIII. Hyvericinea.
Carpels 2 -4 , combined. Ovary 2-4-celIed, 2-ovulcd. Style 1 . . XVII. Elæocarpeæ.
15. Oligandrous. Stamens fewer than 20.
§ Ovary inferior.
Flowers umbeUate.
H e r b s XXXVIII. Umbelliferæ.
S l i r u b s XXXIX. Araliaceæ.
Floivers not umbeUatc.
Leaves exstipulate. Herbs. Petals 4 . Cells of ovary many-ovuled XXVIIL Onagrariæ.
Leaves exstipulate. Shrubs. Petals 5 ......................................................XXXI. Myrtaceæ.
Leaves exstipulate. Herbs. Petals 2 -4 . Cells o f ovary 1-ovuled N X L . Halorageæ.
Leaves stipulate. Sluubs or trees. Stamens 4 -5 . . . . XXIV. Rhamneæ.
Leaves stipulate. Shrubs. Stamens 10 or m o r e XXXI. Myrtaceoe (Calycothrix).
* This Clavis is not intended to supersede the study o f a proper Wo rk on th eN a tiu a l Orders, such as Lindley’s
‘ Vegetable Kingdom,’ bnt only as an aid to the Tasmanian botanist. A fuU and sufficient account o f the Tasmanian
Orders would be far too extensive for the limits o f this volume, and properly b elongs to introductory works on Botany.