ca ta ; filam en tis brevissimis, in conne ctivi processum pe ltatuin prod u c tis; an th e ris 2 - 4 , horizontalibus,
lon g itu d in a liter bivalvibus. P o llen sphæricum. F atji. Am en ta solitaria v. conferta. Squamæ (ovaria) 6,
circa axin verticillatæ, alternæ an gustiores, primum patentes, dein valvatim clausæ. Ovula ad basin squa-
mai-um pluriseriata, imbricata, lageiiæformia, erecta, micropylo breviter porrecto. S tr o lilu s ovatus v. su b g
lo b o su s; valvis 6 , lign o sis, dorso con vexis, erecto-patentibus. Semina plurima, valvis breviora, compressa;
te sta subossea, utrinque alata. Fmbryo in a xi albuminis carnosi antitropus, ejusdem lon g itu d in e ; coty le -
d o n ih u s% -Z ; supera.— Arbores w. frutices ramulis tenuibus, c y lin d r ic is tr ie d r is v e ; foliis
te rn a tim v e r tic illa tis , squamæformibus, ram u lis adnato-decurrentibus, eglandulosis j strobilis lignosis, secundo
anno m a tu ra tis.
The Australian Frenela represent the Jmiiperi and Cupressi of the northern hemisphere, and still more closely
tbc genus Callitris of South Africa, and FacJiylepis o f North Africa, wliicli differs chiefly in having only four scales
to the cone. About fifteen Australian species are known, which are spread over all parts o f that continent ; none
are found elsewhere.— Evergreen shrubs or trees, some o f which bear in tlie young state acicular leaves, but aU of
which, when fiiUy developed, have miuute leaves, whorled iu threes, and adnate witb tlie branch for the greater part
o f their length. Floicers monoecious ; tbe males consist o f m inute terminal catkins, o f imbricating, peltate stamens,
bearing on their stipes three or four small anthers, fidl of globose pollen. Female flower a small, six-scaled
amentum, witli many erect ovules at the base of each scale. Fruit, or ripe cone, woody, of six spreading sessüe
scales, the three alternate smaUer. Seeds w inged, compressed. Fmbryo with tliree cotyledons. (Named in honour
o f M. Frenel, an eminent French natui'al phüosopher.)
1 . Frenela rhomboidea (En d l. Synops. Conif. 3 6 ) ; fruticosa, ramulis subacute triquetris, strobilis
coufertis subglobosis, valvis obtusis dorso infra apicem gibbere couico apice mucronato v. lævi lævibus v.
ru gu lo sis in tu s tuber culatis columna centrali tricruri, seminibus an gu ste v . la te alatis o sse is.— Callitris
rhomboidea, B r . MS S . R ich . Conif. 4 7 . t. 1 8 . n. 1. C. Australis, Nob. L on d. Journ. B o t. iv , 1 4 7 , non B r .
{Gunn, 5 4 3 , 1 0 1 7 .)
H a b . S p r in g Bay, Oyster B ay, and other localitie s on the east coast, Backhouse ; abundant ou granite
soil by th e sea-coast, Elinders’ Islan d , Gunn.— (EI. Oct.) (Colonial name, “ Oyster Bay P in e .” )
D i s t r i b . S outh-eastern Australia, N ew South YYales, and Victoria. (Cultivated in England.)
Baekliouse describes this as a tree 5 0 -7 0 feet high and 6 -9 in girth, of a pyramidal shape, and giving a
peculiar feature to the landscape; but Gunn gives it only 25 to 30 feet, and a diameter o f 1, whilst at Flinders’
Island it appears to be only 1 0 -1 2 feet high, and forms dense thickets. Like many other Conifers, it probably
varies extremely iu stature.— YVood o f little use, said to be obnoxious to bugs, from its resinous odour. Branches
drooping (sometimes erect ?), slender ; the branchlets acutely three-angled, from the piomiuent keels o f the adnate
leaves. Male cones very small, about 1 line loug. Ripe female cones sessile, about as large as a hazel-nut, of six
unequal, woody, tliick scales, the alternate ones half as large as the others, all produced at the back into a blunt
gibbosity, that sometbnes bears a sharp mucro. Seeds imbricated round a depressed, central, three-ridged axis.
2 . Frenela australis (Br., E n d l. Synops. Conif. 3 8 ) ; strobilis ovatis, valvis muticis v. dorso infra
apicem mucronulatis linearibus, extus planiusculis v. convexis lævibus v. rugosis, in tu s v ix tuberculatis,
alternis minoribus, columna centrali brevi v. obsoleta, semimbus late ovatis, testa ossea, alis plerumque brev
issim is.— Callitris Gunnii, Noh. in Lon d . Journ. B o t. iv. 1 4 7 . ? C. oblonga. R ich . Mem. Conif. 4 9 . 1 . 1 8 .
n . 2 . {G m m , 5 4 2 .) (T a b . X C V I I .)
H a b . A bundant upon gravelly banks o f th e South Esk River, near Launceston, etc.— (Fl. N o v .)
(Colonial name, “ N a t iv e Cypress,” )
Very nearly aUied to F. rhomboidea, but with branches always erect, and larger, ovate cones, whose scales have
not the dorsal gibbosity o f tliat plant, and are generally less convex on the back, and sharper at the apex. The
scales have often a sinaH mucro below the apex, bnt this is sometimes wlioUy wanting. The seeds are narrower,
less tvinged, and have a narrower border. This forms a bush or small tree 1 0 -2 5 feet high, and is variable in the
form and size o f the co n e s.-P iA T E XCVII. A , male; B , female plant in fruit; G, another form o f fn d t;
1, branch and leaves; 2, male cones; 3 and 4, stamens with three, and 5, with two anthers; 6 and 7 pollen-
8, female flower; 9, scale from ditto, with ovules; 10, section o f ripe cone; 11 and 12, seeds; 13, vertical sectio!
of seed; 14. ditto o f nucleus, embrvo, and olbameu; 15, embryo; 16, germinating plant ; - o B i« ( t o 16 Im ld y
innnyyitiail .)
1 ,-ernia triquetra, Spach, is said by Miqael (Stii-p. Nov.-Hod. a F. Mueller collectas determinavit F. A. G.
Miquel, m Ned. Kruid. Arch.) to have been fonnd in Tasmania by Mr. Stuart, but I have seen no specimens.
Gen. I I . D IS E LM A , B o o l, f,I .
M o r a dioici. Ament, rim e , parva, sessilia, terminalia. S tam in a 8 - 8 , axi imbrícala, stipite brevissim
o ; antheræ conne ctivo brevissimo triangnlari coriaceo, locu lis 2 divaricatis m ultoties minore. PoUen
sphæricum. Ament, foe m . parva, terminalia, axi in centro amenti cylindraceo, erecto. Squama: 4 , coriaceæ,
2 exterioribus brevioribus vacnis, 2 interioribus erectis orbiculatis 2-ovulatis. O m la erecta. S tr o K lm
e r e c ta s; squamis rigidis, er e c tis; seminibus tripteris, erectis, squamis longioribus, late ampullaeeis, ore
contracto tu buloso.— F ru tex e-rectm, r a m o m s im m j ramis eamoeMsque tetragonis, f o l i i s i em ü ú m e qu a d ri,
f a r ia m im in e a tu o tte e tis , u ltim is d iv a r ic a tis : M iis ram u lis a re te a ppre ssis, la te rium ie o -tr ia n g u la r itu s ,
o b tu sis; amentis u a seu h s v ie I J lin . longis, ram u lis a n g u stio rib u s; ament, fcem. erectis, subglobosis, v ix 1
/d-» nti
1. Diselma Archeri (H o ok , fli.).— Mioroeachiys tetragona, Areher in E o o l. .Joum. B o t. ii. 5 1 , non
m i l i , nec Athrotaxis tetragona, E o o l. le . F l. 6 6 0 , [Ounn, 3 6 6 .) (Tab. X C T I I I .)
H ab. Lak e St. Clair, Falls o f the Meander, e tc., ascending the W este rn Mountains and Mou n t Olympus
(elev. 4 5 0 0 feet) to their sum m its.— (F l, Jan.) (Cultivated in England.)
So exceedingly similar lo Uic roeaclrys tetragona, that Gunn twbo sends this for that plant, though with a
different mimber) says that, except by their differeut habit, he does not know how they are to be distingnished;
their male and female cones ai-e however extremely ibssimilar. The Diselma always gi-ows erect, from 5 : i 5 feet
high, with a stem sometimes 16 inches in diameter ; the trunk exudes mneh resin. Male cones very small, terminal
and oblong, hardly broader than tbe branchlet, with a few (six to eight) stamens, whicb have a very smaU, broad,
triaiigidar, not ciliated, coriaceons termination to the connectivum, and two veiy large, diverging cells, -ike female
cones are small and lermiiial, and consist of four scales in opposite pairs ; the outer, smaller, bear no ovules ; the
inuer each bear two erect ovides at their bases. Wheu fully formed, these cones are still scarcely a line across ■
the seales are ereet, and shorter than the seeds; these I have only seen unripe, they are broad, compressed, tliree-
winged, with a narrow, tabular, contracted month.— Tins genns is closely affied to Thuja, LUocedna, Brenela, and
their aUies, but abnndaiilly distingmshed by habit and characters from all. (Name from Sw, and mXpa, a
stan d a rd , in allusion to tho two ovnlifeious seales,)-PL.ATE XCVIII. A, male, and B , female plants; 1 and 2,
leaves; 3, male cone; 4 and 5, stamens; 6, pollen, a, dry; 4. in o il; (from Mr. Archer's di'awings); 7 and S,
female cones; 9, cone, with tho bract spread open; 10, bract and ovules; I I , cone o f fuHy-formed seeds; 12,
seed; 13, vertical section o f d itto :—a ll hia.
Gen. I I I . A T H R O T A X IS , B on .
D /o r « monoici. M asc. te rm in a lia , brev issim a . p lu rim a , ax i im b r ic a ta ; s tip ite filifo
rm i, com p lan a to , iu sq u am u lam ve rtic a lem p r o d u c to ; a n th e ris 2 -lo c u la rib u s ; lo eu lis d is c re tis , con n e c tiv i
ba si co n tin u is , postic e biv a lv ib u s. P o llen sp hæ ric um v. d ep re s sum . Eoem. Amenta su b g lo b o sa
4 X