1 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [E z lr a -lr o p ic a l F lo ra .
fifth . T h o n um h e r o f a rb o r eou s an d sh ru b b y p k n t s is v e r y c o n sid e r a b le , sh ow in g th a t th is p o r tio n o f
t h e F lo r a i s n o t w h o lly m a d e n p o f t r a n sp o r ted w e ed s.
L a s t ly , I h a v e to a llu d e t o th e r em a rk a b le a b sen c e o f a n y r e c ip r o c ity b e tw e e n th e v e g e ta t io n o f
A u s t r a lia a n d In d ia , fo r th o u g h I h a v e g iv e n n e a r ly 5 0 0 In d ia n sp e c ie s , an d u pw a rd s o f 2 0 0 g en e ra ,
th a t a r e v e r y d e c id ed ly In d ia n ty p e s o f v e g e ta tio n , I am n o t aware o f a s in g le A u s t r a lia n sp e c ie s in
c en tr a l I n d ia or in th e w e s te rn In d ia n p eu in s td a , o r o n e A u s tr a lia n g e n u s th a t is c om m o n th e r e .
T h e o n ly A n s tr a lia n g en e r a th a t are fo u n d in a n y p a r t o f In d ia proper are S iy lid m m (o f w h ich a ve ry
few sp e c ie s are fo u n d in th e e a s te rn P e n in su la , a n d o n e in e a ste rn B e n g a l, C e y lo n , an d th o co u n try
n e a r C a lc u t ta ), L a g e n o p h o ra an d H a lo r a g is , w h ic h ar e tem p e r a te fo rm s, an d th e fo llow in g , w liich are
co n fin ed in I n d ia t o th e M a la y a n P e n in su la , or th e c o u n tr y im m e d ia t e ly a d jo in in g it.
P hilydrnm. Casuarina. Tristania, Metrosideros.
Dacrydium. Leucopogon. Leptospermiini.
T o th e ea stw a rd o f I n d ia a g a in B æ c k ia a t ta in s th e la titu d e o f so u th e r n C h in a an d th e P h ilip p
in e s. M ic r o tis r a r a in h a b its N e w Zea lan d , J a v a , an d B o n iu ; T h e h jm itra i s a lso J a v a n e se ; a sp e c ie s
o f S ta c k h o u s ia i s fo u n d in th e P h ilip p in e s ; o n e o f th e In d ia n S ty lid ium s in h a b its H o n g k o n g , and
C a r e x litto r e a (an e x tr a -tr o p ic a l p la n t) is a n a tiv e o f J ap an .
A c c o r d in g to th e h ith e r to p r e v a ilin g th e o r y o f th e d is tr ih u tio n o f p k n t s , th is p r e s en c e o f so
m a n y In d ia n sp e c ie s in tr o p ic a l A u s t r a lia w o u ld b e a c c o u n te d fo r b y tr a n s-o c e am o m ig r a tio n , b u t th is
th e o r y offe rs n o ex p la n a tio n o f th e to ta l a b sen c e o f A u s tr a lia n sp e c ie s an d ty p ic a l g en e r a in th e
tr o p ic a l p a r ts o f I n d ia , E u c a ly p tu s , A c a c ia , S ty lid iu m , an d Goo tkn ia c ea !, ar e c h a r a c te r istic o f tro p ica l
as w e ll as o t tem p e r a te A u s tr a lia , to g e th e r w ith v a r iou s p e cu lia r g en e r a o t L eg um in o soe , C omposüoe,
M y r ta c eoe , M y o p o r in eæ , L o g an ia c eæ , R e s tia c eoe , C oniferoe, a n d O rch id eoe , w h ic h ar e n o t r ep r e sen ted in
tr o p ic a l I n d ia . .
S om e o f th e s e g en e r a {A c a c ia , E u c a ly p tu s , an d C a su a rin a ) f lo n r ish w h en p la n ted in th e P e n in -
su la o f In d ia , a n d i t w o u ld b e in te r e s t in g t o k n ow w h e th e r th e y b e c om e n a tu r a liz ed , for i t appears
t o mo t o be d ifficu lt t o c o n c e iv e th a t th e r e sh o u ld b e a n y th in g in th e c o n d itio n o t th e s o il, v e g e ta tio n ,
or c lim a t e o t I n d ia th a t w o u ld w h o lly o p p o se th e e s ta b lishm e n t o f A n s tr a lia n p la n ts , h a d th e y b e en
tr a n sp o r ted th ith e r b y n a tu r a l c a u se s n ow in op e ra tion ; a n d I c a n n o t su p p o se th a t th e r e sh o u ld
h a v e b e en n o m ig r a tio n from A u s tr a lia t o In d ia i f th e r e w a s su c h a m ig r a tio n in th e op p o site d ir e c tio
n as w o u ld a c c o u n t fo r so g r e a t a c om m u n ity o f v e g e ta t io n b e tw e e n th e s e c o n t in e n ts .
On th e F lo r a o f E x t r a - t r o p i c a l A u s tr a lia .
I n s tu d y in g th e e x tra -tro p ica l F lo r a o f A u str a lia , th e fir st p h e n om en o n th a t a ttra c ts a tte n tio n is
th e r em a rk ab le d iffer en c e b e tw e en th e e a ste rn an d w e ste rn q u a r te r s, to w h ich th e r e i s n o th in g an a lo g
o u s in th e tro p ica l r e g io n . W h a t d iffe r en c e s th e r e are b e tw e en e a s te rn a n d w e ste rn tro p ica l A u s tra
lia are con fin ed to m o r e A s ia t ic fo rm s in th e la tte r , an d m o r e P o ly n e s ia n an d tem p e r a te A u str a lia n
o n e s in th e fo rm e r ; th is is a n a lo g o u s to th a t pr ep on d e ran c e , t o w h ich I sh a ll h e r ea fte r a llu d e , o f
th e S o u th A fr ica n ty p e s in so u th -w e s te r n A u s tr a lia , an d o f N ew Z ea lan d and A n ta r c tic o n e s m
s o u th - e a s te r n ; b u t offers n o th in g a n a lo g o u s to th e fa c t th a t th e sp e c ie s, an d in a g r e a t e x t e n t th e
g en e r a o f so u th -w e s te r n A u s tr a lia differ .from th o s e o f s o u th -e a s te rn , th o u g h th e s e sp e c ie s and
g en e r a b e lo n g t o th e sam e N a tu r a l Ordcrsy an d in m a n y ca se s to p e cu lia r ly A u s t r a lia n O rd e rs or
d iv is io n s o f Orders.
I h a v e en d ea v o u r ed to e s tim a te th is d iffe r en c e b y ta b u la t in g th e g en e r a an d sp e c ie s o f each
c o u n tr y , an d th o u g h th e r e su lts m u s t , in th e p r e sen t s ta te o f o u r k n ow le d g e , b e v e r y v a g u e , th e y m a y
s e r v e to g iv e an ap p ro x im a te id e a o f th e am o u n t o f d iffer enc e , w h ic h i t is a ll th o m o r e im p o r ta n t to
d o b e ca u se I b e lie v e th e p h e n om e n o n to b e w ith o u t a pa ra lle l in th e g e o g r a p h y o f p la n ts. T h e se
F lo r a s I e s t im a te a s c o n ta in in g ab o u t—
Souih-western. The South-eastern Flora, including Tasmania.
N a tu ra l Orders . . . . 9 0 Natu ral Orders . . . . 125
■ Genera .........................................GOO Genera ............................................7.00
S p e cies .................................3 ,GOO S pecies .......................................3 ,0 0 0
A s far a s I can m a k e o u t, a b o u t o n e -fifth o f th e so u th - e a s t e r n sp e c ie s a r e fo u n d b e y o n d th a t
a r e a ; h u t o n ly o n e - t e n th o f th em are fo u n d in so u th -w e s te r n A u str a lia .
I n e ed n o t r em in d m y reade rs th a t th e s e c o u n tr ie s ar e in th e sam e p a ra lle l o f la titu d e , are n o t
r em a rk ab ly d iffe ren t in p h y s ic a l c o n d itio n s, or in d e ed h y an y m e a n s so d iffe ren t as o th e r s (G r e e c e
an d S p a in for example ) th a t p r e s e n t n o sn c h co n tr a st, an d th a t th e ex tr em e d ista n c e b e tw e en th em is
o n ly 1 7 0 0 m ile s , w ith c o n tin u o u s la n d th r o u g h o u t. W h a t d iffe r en c e s th e r e are in co n d itio n s w ou ld ,
ju d g in g fr om a n a lo g y w ith o th e r co u n tr ie s, fa v ou r th e id e a th a t s o u th -e a s te rn A u s tr a lia , from it s
far g r ea te r area, m a n y la r g e r iv e rs, e x t e n s iv e t r a c t s o f m o u n ta in o u s c o u n tr y au d h um id fo r e sts, w ou ld
p r e sen t m u ch th e m o s t e x te n s iv e F lo r a , o f w h ic h o n ly th e d rier ty p e s c o u ld e x t e n d in to so u th -w e s t e r n
A u s tr a lia . B u t su ch is n o t th e ca se a lto g e th e r , for th o u g h th e far gr ea te r a r ea i s m u ch th e b e s t
exp lo r ed , pi’e s e n ts m o r e v a r ied c o n d itio n s , a n d is te n a n te d b y a la r g e r n um b e r o f N a tu r a l Orders
an d g en e r a , th e s e c o n ta in fewer sp e c ie s b y sev e r a l h u n d r ed s.
O f th e la r g e s t g en e r a o f so u th - e a s t e r n an d s o u th -w e s te rn A u s tr a lia th e r e are v e r y few sp e c ie s
c om m o n to b o th co u n tr ie s, a s th e fo llow in g lis t , a r ran g ed iu ord er o f th e ir m a g n itu d e , w ill sh ow .*
South-eastern A u s tra lia .
Acacia
Grevillea
E u ca lyp tu s .
Pultenæa
L eu cop ogon .
Persoonia
Eurybia
Pimelea
Epacris
Prostantlicra
Goodenia
H akea
Boronia
Species, Sp. found in S.W. Species. Sp. found in S.W.
133 0 Melaleuca . . . . . 27 0
67 0 H elich rysum . . . . 25 3
55 0 Brachycome . . . . 24 4
50 0 X e r o te s . . . . . 24 0
50 0 P rasopbylluiu . . . . 23 2
4 0 0 P te ro sty lis . . . . . 22 2
36 1 Seue cio . . . . . 20 4
35 1 llib b e r t ia . . . . . 18 0
34 0 Phebalium . . . . . 17 0
30 0 Bossiæa . . . . . 17 1
80 0 Cares . . . . . 17 6
28 1 Ozothamnus . . . . 17 0
27 0 Plcuraudra . . . . . 16 0
* This list is very far from complete, hut is in so far founded on exact data as that I have satisfied myself
of the whole number of species alluded to in the first column of figures being absent in the collections I liave
examined from south-west Australia, except when otherwise stated. Future observations will no doubt modify its
details without vitiating the general result.