Chenopodium erosum. A pot-herb. “ A u stra lian Spinach.”
Rhagodia paraboUca. Y ie ld s one-third it s w e ig h t in salt, M itch e ll.
Salicornia Indica. Y o u n g sh o o ts piclded.
F icu s sp. ? The “ Clustered F ig .” Eaten.
Morns Calcar-galli. Mulberry.
A sp e c ie s o f Ca su a rin a ? is th e M a lle e Oak, which contains water in th e cavities o f th e trunk.
Casuarin® sp. N a tiv e th row in g -stick made o f its wood. Shoots o f C. q u a d riva lv is acid.
Araucaria Bidw illii. “ B u n y ab u u y a .” Seeds eaten.
Zamiffi sp. Se ed s o f v arious sp e c ie s eaten.
Cymbidium eanaliculatum. M ucilaginous stem s, e tc ., eaten.
Caladenia and various other Orchids have ed ib le tubers.
Gastrodia sesamoides. R o o ts cooked and ea ten b y tb e Tasmanian natives.
Liviston a inermis. “ Palm Cabbage.”
L iiis to n a austraKs. ■' P alm Cabbage," Leiclim-dL L ea v e s used for baskets,
Arecffi sp. U s ed for baske ts.
Seaforthiee sp. L ea v e s u sed for water-baskets.
Pandanus^ spmalis, P . aquaticus. Mu c ila g in ou s y o u n g parts and k e rn e ls o f fru it eaten.
Typba latifolia. R o o t an ex c e llen t food. (The poUen is made in to cakes in N ew Zealand and
Scinde.)
Caladium macrorhizon. C ultivated ; ro o t eaten.
Tacca? spp. Tubers eaten, fu ll o f starch.
A pon o g e ton sp. D itto .
D io s c o r e » spp. Tubers o f a w ild yam eaten.
H »m o d o r i spp. R o o ts eaten.
Philydrum lanuginosum. Leave s used for women’s girdles.
F lagellar ia Indica. U s e d for cordage.
A s te lia alpina. F ru it sweet, and base o f leave s eaten.
Xanthorrhcea} sp. B a se s o f y o u n g leaves eaten raw and roasted.
X e r o te s sp. Leaves u sed for basket-work.
A n th istir ia australis. The b e st fodder-grass o f A ustralia.
Panicum l®vinode. Grains pounded yie ld ex c e llen t food.
Avena ? W ild O ats. Grain ex ce llen t, Grey.
Oryza sativa. The R ic e was found b y M u elle r in tropical Australia.
P te r is aquilina, var. eseu len ta . R o o t ea ten raw and roasted.
Dick son ia antárctica. P u lp o f top o f trunk fu ll o f starch, eaten raw and roasted.
A lsopbila australis. D itto .
Agar icus campestris. Common Mushroom.
M y litta australis. The a a tiv e bread (a h u g e Truffle) o í Taamania.
Cyttaria Gunnü. A n edible F u n gu s, ou th e branches o f E a gm (
16.
O u tlin e s o f th e
I n tb e foU ow in g rap id sk e tc h o f t b e la b o u r s o f th o s e w h o ha v e m a in ly c o n tr ib u ted to d evelop
th e b o ta n ic a l r ic h e s o f A u straUa, I h a v e en d ea v o u r ed t o g iv e som e id e a o f th e com p a ra tiv e am ou n t
an d v a lu e o f th e r e su lts o f th e va r iou s exp lo r e r s a n d c o lle c to r s, to in d ic a te th e e x t e n t o f co a st and
in te r io r w h o lly or p a r tia lly exp lo red , an d to en um e r a te th e n a r ra tiv e s an d o th e r w o rk s w h ich w ill be
fo u n d to c o n ta in th e m o s t b o ta n ic a l in fo rm a tio n .
I h a v e a rran g ed th e su b je c t-m a t te r u n d e r four heads.
1 . V o y a g e s o f D isc o v e r y an d S u r v e y , u n d e r ta k en b y th e E n g lish , F r en ch , an d A m e r ica n
G o v e rnm en ts.
2 . L a n d E x p e d itio n s u n d e r ta k en b y ord er o f th e H om e or C o lo n ia l G o v e rnm en ts.
3 . C o lo n ia l B o ta n is t s an d B o ta n ic a l Gardens.
4 . B o ta n ic a l exp lo r e r s w h o h a v e w o rk ed ch ie fly o n th e ir ow n or o th e r p r iv a te r e sou rc e s.
I n a few ca se s I h a v e h ad to dep a r t from th is a r ra n g em en t, som e o f th e m o s t d istin g u ish ed
A u str a lia n ex p lo r e r s h a v in g se rved in sev e ra l ca p a c itie s. T h u s A lla n C u n n in g h am filled th e a p p o in tm
e n t s o f H is M a je s ty ’s B o ta n is t in A u s tr a lia , C o lo n ia l B o ta n is t o f N ew S o u th W a le s , B o ta n is t to
C ap ta in K in g ’s v o y a g e s, an d h a s a lso b een th e lea d e r o f sev e ra l in la n d ex p lo r a to r y jo u rn e y s . D r .
M u e lle r h a s a lso d is t in g u ish e d h im s e lf in sev e ra l sc ien tific ca p a c itie s, and, for e x t e n t an d r a n g e o f h is
jo u r n e y s , r a n k s se c o n d to A lla n C u n n in g h am a lo n e o f a ll A u s tr a lia n b o ta n ica l explor er s.
I . VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY AND SURVEY.
F o r th e fir st g lim m e r in g s o f l ig h t u p on th e v e g e ta tio n o f A u s tr a lia , w e are in d eb ted to th e g r ea t
b u c can e e r an d n a v ig a to r D am p ie r , w h o iu 1 6 8 8 v is ited C y g n e t B a y , o n th e n o r th -w e s t co a s t o f th e
C o n t in e n t ; an d in 1 6 9 9 h e r etu rn ed t o th e w e s t and n o r th -w e s t c o a sts in H .M .S . ‘ R o e b u c k ’
(K in g ’s V o y ., 1. x x i) . T h e h e rb a rium o f D am p ie r is s t ill pre se rv ed a t Oxford , and (as I am in fo
rm ed b y M r . B a x te r , Cu rator o f th e O x fo rd B o ta n ic Ga rd en s) c o n ta in s fo r ty sp e c im en s , e ig h te en
o f w h ich ar e figu r ed iu h is ‘ V o y a g e ,’ p u b lish ed in 1 7 0 3 .
T h e first b o ta n ic a l in v e s tig a to r s o f a n y p ar t o f A u s t r a lia w e r e M r ., afterw a rd s S ir J o s ep h B an k s,
au d h is c om p a n io n , D r . S o la n d e r , th e N a tu r a lis ts o f C ap ta in Cook’s fir st v o y a g e . C o ok ’s sh ip th e
‘ E n d e a v o u r ’ an ch o r ed in A p r il, 1 7 7 0 , in B o ta n y B a y , so ca lled b y its d isco v e r e r s from th e n um b e r
a n d v a r ie ty o f th e p la n ts c o lle c ted b y th e n a tu r a lists d u r in g th e ir w e ek ’s sta y th e r e . P r o c e ed in g
th e n c e no r thw a rd th e y lan d ed su c c e s s iv e ly in B u sta rd B a y , la t . 2 4 ° 4 ', T h ir s ty S ou n d , P o in t H illo c k ,
and Cape G ra fton , la t. 1 6 ° 5 7 ', b e y o n d w h ich p o in t th e ‘ E n d e a v o u r ’ stru ck o n a re ef, an d a fte r in cu
r r in g im m in e n t p e r il, sh e w as b r o u g h t to th e E n d ea v ou r R iv e r , la t. 1 5 ° 2 6 ', on th e 1 8 th J u n e , 1 7 7 0 .
Th e r e i t w as fo u u d th a t th e h e rb a r ium h ad suffer ed from th e im m e r s io n o f th e sh ip , b u t th e gr ea te r
p ar t w as e v e n tu a lly pre se rved. T h e ‘ E n d e a v o u r ’ su b seq u en tly v isited Cap e F la t te r y , L iza rd I sla n d ,
W e ym o u th B a y (1 2 ° 4 2 ' S .) , P o s s e s s io n I s la n d , th e n o r th e rn e x tr em e o f A u s t r a lia au d W a llis ’s I sla n d s.
T h e p la n ts o f C o ok ’s first v o y a g e fo rm ed part o f th e fam ou s B a n k sia n h e rb a r ium , w h ich , afte r th e
d ea th o f i t s p o sse sso r , p a ssed to th e B r itish M u s eum . O f th e A u s tr a lia n p la u ts , c o n s is tin g o f n ea r ly
1 ,0 0 0 sp e c ie s, a po r tion o n ly h a v e b e en p u b lish ed in B r ow n ’s ‘ P ro d rom u s Florae N o v ^ -H o lla n d im .’
Cap tain C o ok , on h is se con d v o y a g e , w as ac com p an ied b y J . R . F o r ste r an d h is so n G eo rg e , who
m a d e m a n y d isco v e r ie s iu th e P a c ific islan d s, F u e g ia , and N ew Z ea lan d , b u t o n ly o n e o f h is sh ip s, th e
‘ A d v en tu r e ,’ c om m a n d ed b y C ap tain F u rn e a u x , v is ited an y p a r t o f A u str a lia , a r r iv in g a t A d v en tu r e
B a y , T asm au ia , in F eb ru a ry , 1 7 7 3 .
I n Cook’s th ird v o y a g e , A d v en tu r e B a y w as a g a in v is ited , in J a n u a ry , 1 7 7 7 , and a co n sid e ra b le
c o lle c tio n made b y M r . D a v id N e ls o n , and M r . A n d e r so n , th e su rg eon o f th e ‘ R e s o lu tio n ,' w h ich
are pre served iu th e B a n k sia n h e rbarium .