Tlie common fonn o f Gaultheria anüpoda is a bushy shrub, 3 - 5 feet high, common on clay-hills in New Zealand,
where it is an extremely variable plant. In the mountainous districts of the same archipelago it becomes
dwai'fed, and finally, iu the alpiue regions, it is reduced to a slender, prostrate, creeping plant, nnd it is tliis form
alone that occurs in Tasmania. I t thus aflbrds a curious instance of the difficulty botanists often have in discovering
what are species and what only varieties ; for this was described hy me us a different species before the mountain
variety o f the New Zealand G. antipoda ivas knoivn; and no one, without a fall suite o f iutcrnicdiate forms,
could question its distinctness, nor indeed suspect it. Supposing New Zealand to be exposetl to such a change
of climate as to obliterate its mountain vegetation, the links would be lost betiveen the Tasmanian and the common
New Zealand states of G. antípoda.—A small, creeping, woody-stemmed shrub, witb slender, prostrate, wiry
branches; the branchlets pubescent, and covered with aiipvessed bristles. Haves alternate, small, 4 “ fl h(ch long,
shortly petioled, elliptical or obovate-oblong, blunt, crenate, tbe veins reticulate, glabrous on both surfaces, with
a few bristles at the creuatnres. Flowers axillary, solitaiy, shortly pedieelled. Fruit baccate, very fleshy, large
for the size of the plant, 4—I inch across.— Tl-ME LXIII. A. Fig. 1, le a f; 2, young fru it:— both magnijied.
Geu. I I . P E R N E T T Y A , Gaud.
C a lyx 5-partitus, persistens. Corolla ovata v. globosa, ore 5-dentato. Stam in a 1 0 , libera, in c lu sa ;
filamentis supra basin incrassatis ; antherarum locu lis mu tic is bi-aristntisve. Ovarium depresso-globosum ;
glan d u lis b y p o g yn is 1 0 , lobatis. S ty lu s b r e iis ; stigmate su b -5 -lo b o . B a c ca 5-locularis, locu lis p olyspermis.—
F ru ticu li g la b r i v . setosi, e re c ti v . procumbentes ; foliis a lte rn is, p e rsisten tib u s, coriaceis ; floribus
s o lita r iis racemosisve, a x illa rib u s, p a r v is , albis.
This is almost exclusively a South American geuus, the Tasmanian species being the only exception hitherto
discovered, and that differs from the majority of its congeners in the anthers not having awns at the back, the
South American F .fu ren s alone presenting the same character. The Tasmanian species is a very small, creeping,
woody, much branched, perfectly glabrous shrub.— Branches 2 -3 inches long, slender, ascending. Leaves 4~4
inch long, shortly petioled, spreading, elHptic-lanceolate, acute, very coriaceous indeed, obscm-ely serrate, shining.
Peduncles solitaiy, axillari', shorter thau the leaves, bracteate at the base. Gafya;-lobes coriaceous, ovate, subaeute.
CoroUa small, white, ovate or nearly globose ; mouth five-toothed. Anthers small, oblong, bm-sting by large pores.
Ovary smrounded with a five-lobed disc, five-celled. Ovules many, on axillary placentæ. B erry about the size of a
pea, yellow or red or cream-coloured. (Named in honour o f Don Pernetty, bistoriogi-apher o f B ougainville’s Voyage
to South America; and the name Perandra from Trqpo% hornless, and avg p )
1. Pernettya (Perandra) Tasmanica (H o ok . fi!. in Lond. Jouru. B o t. vi. 2 6 8 ) ; humilis, depressa,
divaricatim ramosa, ramulis puberulis, foliis patulis elliptico-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis v. obscure serrulatis,
pedice llis axillaribus basi 3 -4 -b r a c te o la tis, antheris muticis, ovario disco 5-lob o ciiicto. {Gunn, 7 0 8 .)
(T a b . L X X I I I . B.)
H a b . On all th e mountains, forming large green cushions, especially in a granite soil, Backhouse,
Gunn, etc.— (Fl. Jan.)
P l a t e LXXIII. B. Fig. 1 , leaf; 2 , fiower; 3, the same, laid open; 4, stamen; 5, calyx and ovary ; 6, fmit ;
— all magnijied.
N a t . O r d . X L IX . EPACRIDEÆ.
One o f the most extensive and peculiar Natural Orders in Australia, thougli diifering so little from
Ericece as to be scarcely distinguishable, except by the unilocular anthers. W h en first defined (in Brown’s
Prodromus), th e Epacridece were supposed to be confined to Australia and P o lyn e sia ; b u t they have since
been found to extend over the Malayan A jch ip elago in to th e peninsula o f that name, and th e Philippine
Islan d s, and one species a t lea st is a native o f Chili. In habit and appearance th e Epacridece remarkably
imitate the Ericece, all b e in g shrubs, none attain in g a great siz e, and th e majority b e in g rigid, bushy plants,
with evergreen, coriaceous leaves, inhabiting dry heathy tracts, and often conspicuous for the great beauty
and abundance o f their flowers. 140 species are described in Brown’s Prodromus, published in 1 8 1 0 , and
2 1 4 in D e Candolle’s, to which upwards o f 1 2 0 have since been added, chiefly from Swan River and S ou th eastern
Australia and T asmania; besides these, a considerable number remain undescribed in our Herbaria.
A s however considerable reductions must be made am on gst the species o f some genera, perhaps 3 0 0 will
approximate to tlie number o f known Australian species. Of th e se about 1 2 are almost exc lusively tropical
species, 1 7 0 inhabit the South-eastern, and 1 6 0 the S outh-weste rn quarters o f A u stra lia ; scarcely any
are common to botli th e se la st areas. O f th e genera, 1 4 are peculiar to th e Sou th -east, and 1 0 to the
Sou th -w est quarters, and only 8 are common to botli. A s many as 1 0 genera, and about 4 0 species, are
confined to Tasmania, and especially to the mountains o f that I sla n d ; some o f these ex ten d to th e m ountains
o f V ic tor ia.
Div. I. Ovules solitary. Fruit a berry or nut, with a Jleshy or dry outer coat. (Gen, I .-X .)
Gen. I . S T Y P H E L IA , 5?».
C alyx basi bracteatus; bracteis 4 v. pluribus. C o rolla tub u s elongatus, basi in tu s fasciculis 5 villo-
r um ; limbi laciniæ revolutæ, barbatæ. F ilam en ta Qxatxia. hypogynæ 5 , rarius connatæ. B ru p a
su b ex su c ca ; putamine osseo, solido, 5 -locular i.— Erutices r am o s i; foliis sp a rsis, breve p e tio la tis , mucronatis ;
floribus a x illa rih u s, speciosis ; pedunculis l - 3 / o n > .
A genus o f about twelve speeies, all but one natives of South-eastern Australia and Tasmama.— Shrubs with
prostrate or erect branches, scattered, acuminate, shortly petioled leaves, and axillary 1-3-flowered peduncles. Calyx
with four or more bracts. Corolla with a long tube, furnished at the base inside with five tufts of hairs, its reflexed
lobes bearded. Filaments exserted. Fruit scai-cely fleshy, ivith a five-celled enclosed nu t; cells one-seeded. (Name
from oTü^cXoç, r ig id )
1- Styphelia adscendens (Br. Prodr. 5 3 7 ) ; caule prostrato, ramis diffusis adscendentibus, foliis
planis margine cihato-scaberuhs lanceolatis pungenti-acuminatis subtus g lauc is striolatis nervis 3 - 5 mediis
parallelis lateralibus extu s penuiveniis, floribus solitariis axillaribus breve pedunculatis, bracteis late ovatis,
sepalis submembranaceis ovatis subacutis, corollæ tubo 4 breviore.— B C . F ro d r . 7 3 5 . {Gunn, 6 1 9 .)
H a b . Dry pastures, etc ., heaths near Hobarton and Circular H e a d ; common.— (Fl. Oct.) ( v . v )
D i s t r i b . South-eastern Australia ; Y ic to n a , Robertson ; G rampians, M u e lle r. (Introduced in to E n g land.)
A much branched, diffuse, rigid plant, forming matted patches a foot across.— S tem and branches prostrate
the latter ascending at the tips, leafy, wiry. Leaves 4 - 4 inch long, imbricate, lanceolate, broadest above the middle,
acuminate, with a slender, rigid, setose point ; margins ciUolate ; upper surface nerveless, lower striated and glaucous.
Flowers solitary, sessile, reddish, longer than the leaves. Calyx-ltaves rather membranous, ovate, subacute»
shorter than the tube of the corolla. N u t obloug, very hard and woody, five-celled.
Gen. I I . A STRO LOMA, B r.
C alyx basi bracteatus, bracteis 4 v. pluribus. Corolla tubus ventricosus, calyce duplo longior, basi
iutus fasciculis 5 villorum ; limbi laciniæ breves, barbatæ. F ilam en ta inclusa. Biscu s hypogynus cyathi-
formis. B ru p a subexsucca; putamine osseo, solido, 5 -lo cu la r i.— Fru tic es humiles, sa p iu s d if fu s i; foliis
sparsis, sa p e c ilia tis ; floribus a x illa ribu s, erectis.
About twenty species o f this genus are known, chiefly natives o f the South-west coast of Australia.— Small,