Î'LORA o p TASMANIA. [o„ a ,e N. Z e a l a n i io h jn e e ia a
th e M e r s e y , t o th e P a lls o f th e M e a n d e r , a n d w e s t e r ly fr om Q u am b y ’s B ln f f t o th e L o b s te r R iv u le t ;
th e w h o le c om p r is in g au ar ea o f a b o u t 4 0 0 sq u are m ile s .
T h e ro ok s o f th e n o r th e rn p a r t o f th is tra c t, in c lu d in g M o u n t G o g , are chicHy q u a r lz ite ; and
th e r em a in d e r , in c lu d in g a p o r tio n o f th e W e s t e r n M o u n ta in s , e lev a ted fu lly 4 ,0 0 0 f e e t ai-e for th e
m o s t p ar t b a sa lt. Im m e cb a te ly ab o v e C h e s lm n t, t o th e so u th -w e s t , r ise s au o ffse t o f th e we ste rn
m o u n ta in s , n am ed C um m in g 's H e a d , a lo n g th e n o r th -e a s t b a se o f w h ich e x t e n d s a tr a c t o f sa n d s to n e
an d fo s s ilife r o n s lim e s to n e , w h ic h i s th e h a b ita t o f n eai-ly a ll M r . A r ch e r ’s cry p to g am s.
T h is d is tr ic t h a s a lr ead y prod u c ed n e a r ly 6 5 0 flow e r in g p la n ts , or ra th e r m o r e th a n h a lf o f all
th a t are k n ow n t o in h a b it T a sm am a . T h e ch a ra c te r o f th e C h e sh u n t F lo r a is, o n th e w h o le , th a t o f
a c o ld h illy r e g io n , a p p ro a ch in g , in m a n y r e sp e c ts , to th e su b a lp in e , an d is h e n c e e v e n le s s A u str a lia n
th a n th a t o f a ll T a sm a n ia is. T h e a b sen c e o f a ll b u t foim R lm n in coe , th e p a u c ity o f R a ü a c eoe
M y r ta c eoe , L ilia c eoe , a n d L e g um im soe , th e ab u n d a n c e o f O rch id eoe , C om p o sitæ , an d E p a c r id eæ
am o n g s t tb e m o s t n o t ic e a b le fe a tu r e s.
y 9 .
On th e N e w Z e a la n d a n d P o ly n e s ia n f e a tu r e s o f th e A u s tr a lia n V e g e ta tio n .
I h a v e a lr e a d y r em a rk ed th a t th e s e fe a tu r e s, in so far a s th e y ar e pecu lia r , are con fin ed to th e
e a s t an d s o u th - e a s t c o a s ts o f A u s tr a lia , an d c h ie fly to th e tem p e r a te r eg io n s , iu o lu dm g T a sm am a .
T h e r e is a g r e a t d iffe r en c e b e tw e en th e t em p e r a te an d tr o p ic a l F lo r a s o f e a ste rn A u s t r a lia in re sp e c t
t o th e ch a ra c te r o f th e ir n o n -e n d em ie g en e r a an d sp e c ie s, for th e fo rm e r appear s t o h a v e r e c e iv ed
m m ig r a n ts fr om N ew Z ea la n d an d th e A n ta r c t ic r e g io n s, whUst th e la tt e r c o n ta in s an a ssem b la g e o f
fo rm s c om m o n to its e lf, In d ia , a n d th e P a c ific . T h e r e is , h ow ev e r , n o e v id en c e in e ith e r ea se th a t
t h e m ig r a tio n h a s b e en in o n e d ir e c tio n m o r e th a n in a n o th e r ; T a sm am a m a y o n c e ha v e b e en peop led
b y N e w Z ea la n d and^ a n ta r c tic fo rm s, b e fo r e th e A n s t r a b a n v e g e ta t io n spread o v e r i t an d r ep la c ed
t h e s e ; a n d A u s t r a lia i t s e l f m a y h a v e d e r iv ed it s p e cu lia r fe a tu r e s fr om som e P a c ific isla n d s w h ich
h a v e s in c e b e en o v e r ru n b y an In d ia n v e g e ta t io n . I h a v e th e r e fo r e n o t su b d iv id ed th is S e c tio n ,
b u t sh a ll r e g a rd th e a ffin itie s, b o th tr o p ic a l a n d tem p e r a te , u n d e r th e sam e p o in t o f view.
T o th e ea stw a rd o f A u s tr a lia a r e v a r io u s g r o u p s o f is la n d s so ar ran g ed as t o fo rm a so r t o f ru d e
o n t ly in g g ird le to th a t c o n tin e n t. B e g in n in g from th e n o r thw a rd , th e s e ar e th e S o lom o n ’s I s la n d s
N ew H eb r id e s , N ew C a led o n ia , N o r fo lk I s la n d , an d th e N ew Z ea la n d g r o u p ; t o w h ich m ig h t b j
a d d ed E a s t e r n N ew G u in ea , th e L o u is ia d e A r c h ip e la g o , a n d N ew Ir e la n d , b u t I k n ow v e r y h t t le o f
th e ir b o ta n y .
T h e c om m o n b o ta n ic a l fea tu r e o f a ll o f th e s e a r ch ip e la g o s, th a t lie to th e n o r th an d e a s t o f th e
N ew H e b n d e s , an d in d e e d o f a ll th e P o ly n e s ia n g ro u p s w estw a rd o f J u a n F e rn a n d e z an d th e G a la ,
p a g o s (w h ich are w h o lly A m e r ic a n ), is th a t th e y are p eo p led m a in ly b y In d ia n an d A u s tr a lia n g en e ra
a n d m a v e r y s lig h t d e g r e e b y A m e r ic a n ; b u t th e s e F lo r a s (In d ia n , A u s tr a lia n , an d Am e r ic a n ) a r j
r ep r e sen ted in v e iy d iffe r en t p rop o r tion s in d iffe r en t g ro u p s ; a n d I h a v e ob served (n o te a t p x v i )
th a t th e r e are in th is r e sp e c t c o n sid e r a b le a n om a lie s in th e F lo r a s o f c o n t ig u o u s a r ch ip e la g o s, th o s ;
im m e d ia te ly to th e ea stw a rd o f N ew C a le d o n ia * b e in g r em a rk a b ly d e fic ien t in A u s tr a lia n g en e ra .
w - ; ™'“me o f Asa Gray’s ■ Botany of W ü le s’s Exploring Expedition.’ I have found the
Fiji, N a v ig a te s Friendly, and S oe ie t, Islands to bo represented by upwards of 140 genera o f ThalmniJIm-oe and
a i g c f o roe (208 speeies). Only 26 genera are not Indian, and almost all o f them are either new or confined to
these groups ; nor do I find one chnractenstio Anstralian plant amongst them, except a phyllodineous Acacia
Genera, etc., in Australia.'] INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Ixxxvii
C om m e n c in g w ith th e N ew H e b r id e s an d N ew C a led o n ia , I find, th a t o jit o f a lis t o f s ca r c e ly 1 0 0
sp e c ie s k n ow n to m e , th e r e are n o le s s th a n 1 2 m a rk ed ly A u s t r a lia n g e n e r ic ty p e s , v iz . D is em m a ,
E r io s tem o n , K e n n e d y a , p h y llo d in e o u s A c a c iæ , L e p to sp e rm um , B æ c k ia , M e tr o s id e r o s , D id is c u s , Cop
r o sm a , Cas.sinia, L eu co p o g on , D ra c o p h y llum , L om a tia , S te n o c a rp u s , G r e v ille a , E x o c a r p u s , C a su a rin a ,
A r a u c a r ia , M ic r o tis , L y p e r a n th u s , G e ito n o p le sium , S ty p a n d r a , L am p r o c a r y a .
N o r fo lk I s la n d , w h ich lie s in te rm ed ia te b e tw e e n th e N ew H e b r id e s an d N ew Z ea la n d , p r e s e n t s
a F lo r a o f in te rm ed ia te ch a ra c ter . B e s id e s c o n ta in in g m a n y N ew Z ea lan d p la n ts n o t h ith e r to fou n d
in th e N ew H eb r id e s , it c o n ta in s th e fo llow in g A u s tr a lia n ty p e s n o t fo u n d in N ew Z ea lan d -.— J a sm in um
g r a c ile , E x oe c a r ia A g a llo c h a , M y r s in e c ra s s ifo lia , P im e le a lin ifo lia , A c h y r a n th e s can e scen s, A r a u c
a r ia , G e ito n o p le sium c ym o sum .
N ew Z ea la n d p r e s en ts a lo n g lis t o f A u s t r a lia n g en e r a , in c lu d in g m a n y th a t are v e r y ch a ra c t
e r is t ic o f th a t c o n tin e n t , b u t w h o lly w a n ts som e o f th e m o s t e x te n s iv e an d w id e ly d istr ib u ted (b o th
iu area and e lev a tio n ) o f th e s e , as E u c a h jp tu s , A c a c ia , S ty lid iu m , C a su a r in a , C a llitr is , X y r i s , X e r o te s ,
T h y sa n o tu s , H ib b e r tia , P le u r a n d r a , B a n k s ia , D r y a n d r a , G r e v ille a , H a k e a .
A t p. x x x v ii. I h a v e en um e r a ted th e 2 3 la r g e s t A u s tr a lia n g en e r a , a ll c o n ta in in g fr om 5 0 to
u pwards o f 2 0 0 sp e c ie s ; o f th e s e n o le s s th a n 15 h a v e n o N ew Z ea la n d r ep r e sen ta tiv e , an d all b u t
2 h a v e v e r y few in d e e d . I n o th e r w o rd s, o f th e 2 3 A u s tr a lia n g en e r a w h ic h n um b e r u pw a rd s o f 5 0
sp e c ie s ea ch , an d w h ich to g e th e r in c lu d e a b o u t 2 ,0 0 0 sp e c ie s , o n ly 8 are fo u n d in N ew Z ea la n d , and o f
th e s e , D r o s e r a , D o d onæ a , H e lic h r y sum , a n d L eu co p o g o n , are a ll w id e ly d istr ib u ted e lsew h e r e ; o f th e
7 A u s tr a lia n g en e r a , w ith u pw a rd s o f 1 0 0 sp e c ie s ea ch , o n ly Leu co p o g on is a N ew Z ea la n d one.
I t is e v en m o r e r em a rk ab le th a t m o s t o f th e h ig h ly ch a ra ctei-istic A u s tr a lia n O rd e rs are w h o lly
or n e a r ly a b s en t in N ew Z ea la n d : th u s , in s te a d o f 1 0 0 g en e r a a n d 1 ,0 0 0 sp e c ie s o f L egum in o soe th e r e
are b u t 4 g en e ra , a ll b u t o n e d iffe r en t {C lia n th u s ), an d 8 sp e c ie s, a ll d iffer en t. O f M y r ta c eæ , w ith
6 0 A u s tr a lia n g en e r a a n d 6 0 0 sp e c ie s, th e r e a r c b u t 4 g en e r a an d 15 sp e c ie s in N ew Z e a la n d . T h e
5 A u s t r a lia n g en e r a { in c lu d in g 1 0 0 sp e c ie s) o f D illen ia c eæ h a v e n o r ep r e sen ta tiv e , n o r h a s th e Order ;
a n d o f S ty lid ieæ , in lie u o f 5 g en e r a an d 1 1 5 sp e c ie s, th e r e is h u t o n e g e n u s , an d th a t a n ta r c tic . O f
Goodeniaceæ, w h ich in A u s tr a lia h a s 2 0 g en e r a an d 2 3 0 sp e c ie s, th e r e i s b u t o n e sp e c ie s in N ew
Zealan d , an d th a t a sa lt-m a r sh p la n t a lso c om m o n t o C h ili an d T a sm a n ia . L a s t ly , th e r e are n o r ep re se
n ta t iv e s w h a tev e r o f—
Capparideæ.
Polygaleæ.
aud v e ry few o f—
Stackliousieæ.
Myoporineæ.
Frankeniaeeæ.
Tremandreæ.
Santalaceæ.
Irideæ.
Buettneriaceæ.
Casuarineæ.
Verbenaceæ.
Ehamneæ.
Xyrideæ.
Hæmodoraceæ.
Loganiaceæ.
T o p u t th is is in a n o th e r p o in t o f v iew , I w ill g iv e a com p a ra tiv e ta b le o f th e r e la tiv e m a g n itu
d e o f th e 9 la r g e s t N a tu r a l O rd e rs in ea ch co u n tr y , w h ic h Orde r s in c lu d e u pwards o f h a lf tb e
sp e c ie s in ea ch , an d from w h ic h i t w ill b e se en th a t o n ly 5 o f th e N ew Z ea lan d Order s appear in th e
o th e r lis ts .
N ew Zealand. A u stra lia . Tasmania.
1. Compositæ. Leguminosæ. Compositæ.
2. Cyperaeeæ, Myrtaceæ. Orchideæ.
3 . Gramineæ. Proteaceæ. Epacrideæ.
4 . Scrophulariueæ. Compositæ. Leguminosæ.