mentóse on the back, the margins and apex membranous, sometimes purple. Flotcers uniform, tubular, four- or fivetoothed.
Anthers with no taüs, or extremely short ones, if (as described by De Candolle) they are really present.
Achenium. long, slender, and surmoiuited by a filiform beak that carries the slender, scabrid hairs o f the pappus,
when moistened sun-ounded with a mucous coat. (Origin of name unknown to me.)
Gen. X X V I . H E L IC H R Y SUM , V a ill.
Capitulum multiflorum, homogamum v . heterogamum ; floribus omnibus hermaphroditis tubulosis
5-d en tatis, v. paucis in ambitu foemineis gracillimis. In vo lu c ri squamæ scariosæ, imbricatæ, interiores
connivente s v . radiantes. Re eeptacu lum planum, epaleaceum, nudum, areolatum v. fimbrillifernm.
Achenium erostre, sessüe. R a p p u s 1-serialis, se tis scaberulis liberis v. basi inte r se varie concretis.—
Herbæ v . suffruticuli, h abitu v a r ia ; fo liis a lte rn is ; capitulis scapos elongates v . ramos f o lia to s nudosve
te rminanfibus ; involucris f la v is alb is roseisve ; floribus plei-isque luteis.
This fine genus is for the most paid South African aud Austraban, but few species being found in South
Europe, Asia, the African Islands, and New Zealand. About fifty Australian species are known, the majority
o f which are natives of the south-eastern quarter of the Coutinent or of Tasmania ; several are common to the
south-eastern and south-western quarters, and there are also several species confined to the Tropics. AU are herbs,
or have shrubby stems below, often wooUy, generaUy showy capitida ; some have scapes, others branching stems.
The colour of the involucre is usuaUy either.white or yellow, but a few are pink, and some vary from white to deep
golden yeUow.— iea r e s cauhne and alternate or radical and tufted. Flowers either aU hermaphrodite, tubular
and five-cleft, or a few in the circumference female and very slender, on a fiat or conical, smooth, areolated or
fimbrUUferous receptacle. Involucre o f many dry, scaiious, imbricating scales, the inner long and radiating, or
short and conniving. Fappus o f one row of long, rough haks (uot plumose), aU free or connected at the base.
(Name a Greek one, eiToneously supposed to have been applied to a Em-opean species of this or an aUied genns.)
§ 1. C h k t s o l e p id e a .— Involucral scales with bright yellow rays.
1 . H e l i c h r y s u m b r a c t e a t u m CWüld. E n . Plant. 8 6 9 ) ; herbaceum, caule simplici v. ramoso scaberulo
V. glaberrimo superne interdum tomentoso, foHis lineari- v. oblongo-lanceolatis linearibusve a cuminatis
caulinis se ssilibus v . 4-amplexicaulibus marginibus recurvis subrepando-siuuatis integerrimisve superne
scaberulis subtus glaberrimis v. utrinque glaberrimis, capitulis magnis intense aureis, involucri glaberrimi
squamis chartaceo-scariosis concavis exterioribus ovatis subacutis interioribus breviter stipitatis radiantibus
oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis, achenio glaberrimo.— H . bracteatum e t H. acuminatum, D C . P ro d r . vi. 1 8 8 .
H . macrocephalum, A . Cunn. H . Banksii, A . Cunn. ; D C . I. c. H . bicolor, L in d l. P o t. Reg. t. 1814,.
H . chrysanthura, P e r i. ii. 414,. Xeranthemum bracteatum, Pi«?, üfa/w?. ii. ?. 2 . (Gunn, 1 1 1 2 4 4
2 4 7 , 6 8 7 , 6 8 8 , 8 3 8 .)
Variat in sig n ite r ; s/a iu ra 6 unc. ad 3-pedah, habitu robusto v . gracüi, simplici v. ramoso; caulibus
strietis V. flexuosis, foliosis v. nudis, apice bracteatis v . ebracteatis, glaberrimis v. hispidulis v. supeme
a r a n e o - t o m e n t o s i s ; r a d i c a l i b u s spathulato-lanceolatis amplis v. caulims subsimilibus, caulinis 1 - 4 -
pollicaribus anguste hnearibus v. oblongo-lanc eolatis rarius spathulatis sparsis confertisve scaberulis glaberrimisve
basi sessüibus, semiamplexicaulibus v. biauriculatis ; c a p itu lis 1 - 2 4 unc-. latis intense aureis v. fid.
DC. a lb is; in vo lu c ri squamis exterioribus subacutis, acutis, acuminatisve.
H a b . Abundaut th roughout th e Island, especially in marshy situations, asc ending to 4 0 0 0 feet elevation
.— (F l. N o v .-J a u .) {v. V.)
D i s t r i b . Throughout Australia, from Por t E ssin g to n on the north coast to Victoria and Swan River
a scending to 6 0 0 0 feet on the Australian A lp s, M u e lle r. (Cultivated in England.)
I must leave it to the Colonial Botanist to determine if there be more than one species included here under
the name o f I I. bracteatum. I have most carefully examined a multitude o f dried specimens from all parts of
Australia, in the vain attempt of findhig any characters whereby they may be distinguished ; and if, as De Candolle
affirms, this species has sometimes white capitula, I fear that a good many other spurious species wiU have to fall
into it. There is no difficulty whatever in selecting several extremely different forms o f this species, and if the
characters used by De Candolle to distinguish II. acuminatum and H . Banksii were constant, they would perhaps
indicate the most prominently different forms ; but I do not find that Mr. Gunn pays any attention to the fact that
specimens w ith acuminate outer scales occur hi the same gathering with others in which these are almost blunt, and
tbat those with woolly stems are mixed with others with glahrous ones : fui-ther, every intermediate form in liabit,
size, shape, etc., o f the leaves and involucral scales, may be found uniting the m ost dissimilar individuals. I t appears
certain however that marked forms do prevail over large tracts of gi-ound, and that sometimes two such dissimilar
forms grow together, still retaining thek differences with more or less constancy, so that I would recommend the
speeies to the attention o f local observers.— A rigid, herbaceous species, with erect, simple or branched stems, 6
inches to 3 feet high. Stems glabrous or hispid, sometimes tomentose or woolly above, terminating in naked or
bracteate peduncles bearing large, deep yellow capitula, 1—2 4 inches broad. Leaves few or many, sessile or semiamplexicaul
or cordate at the base, o f all forms from very narrow-linear to spathulate-oblong, acuminate, glabrous on
both sides or hispid above, margins recurved, rather wavy. Capitula deep golden-yeUow ; scales of the involucre
very coriaceous and shining, quite glabrous ; outer ovate, acute or acuminate ; inner with short stipites and long,
lanceolate, concave, acuminate rays. lia ir s of the pappus püose, with a few longer bristles at the tips. Flowers
of the ray slender, female.
2 . Helichrysum scorpioides (Lab. N o v . H o ll. ii. 4 5 . t . 1 9 1 ) ; herbaceum, subscapigerum, laxe
lanuginosum, ramis scapisve monocephalis, foliis anguste linearibus lanceolatis subspathulatisve superioribus
angustioribus acuminatis et lon g e apiculatis glabratis sublanatis v. superne scabendis marginibus recurvis,
capituHs ebracteatis aureis, involucri squamis exterioribus oblongis obtusis, interioribus substipitatis lineari-
lanceolatis basi sublanatis, acheniis glaberrimis.— B C . P ro d r . vi. 1 9 4 . Gnaphalium scorpioides, P o ir.
Su ppl. ii. 1 2 9 . H . buphthalmoides, Sieb. P I . Exsicc. 3 3 3 . H . Gunnii, Nob. in Hook. Ic . P la n t, t. 3 2 0 .
{Gunn, 1 1 6 , 5 0 2 , 1 1 7 1 .)
H a b . Abundant throughout the Island, especially in m o ist places, ascendiug to 4 0 0 0 fee t.— (El.
O c t.-D e c .) {v. V.)
D i s t r ib . South-eastern and Southern. Australia, from Adelaide to Port Jackson.
A slender, herbaceous, generally graceful species, more or less covered everywhere with soft, araneose wool.
Stems many or few from the root, ascending, unbranched above or forming scapes bearing solitary capitula. Leaves
hnear-lanceolate or subspathulate, soft and lanate or glabrescent, rai-ely scabeimlous on the upper sui-face, margins
slightly recui-ved, acuminated, the apex terminating in a slender bristle; upper part of stem or peduncle ebracteate,
but with short, subidate scales. Capitula | - 1 inch across, rather flat, with a verj' short ray ; outer scales of the
involucre hiieai--obloiig, numerous, searious, membranous, blunt, rather rugose, often redchsh ; inner stipitate, the
stipes lanate. Hairs of the pappus scabrid.—Dr. Mueller sends a vai-iety of tlds, from YCictoria, with white
capitida.
3 . Helichrysum semipapposum (DC. P rodr. vi. 1 9 5 ) ; lanatum v. pubescens, erectum, caule ramoso
rigido apice corymbose, foliis anguste lineari-elongatis acuminatis apice subpiliferis marginibus revolutis
subtus v. utrinque tomentosis rarius glabratis, corymbi polycephali ramis lanatis, capitulis parvis subcampanulatis
V. hemisphæricis basi lanatis, squamis scariosis aureis numerosis imbricatis interioribus v ix radiantibus
acutis omnibus ciliatis apicibus rectis recurvisve.— Gnaphalium semipapposum, L a b . Nov. H o ll, ii. 4 2 .
t. 1 8 7 ; Sieb. P I . Exsicc. 3 3 5 . Chrysocephalum helichrysoides, JF a ff in L in n a a , xiv. 5 0 3 ; Sonder in L in n
a a , xxv. 5 1 6 . {Gunn, 1 1 3 , 5 0 4 , 2 4 6 , 1 1 7 3 .)