descnbcs the achenia as rostrate, wliich is scarcely the case, those o f my specimens being but obscurely contracted
below the apex; his E. tenuiflora appears to me to be only a glabrous form, for the whole plant varies extremely
in the amount ofwooUy tomentum on all its parts; and authentic specimens of D . tenuiflora are not altogether glabrous,
as descnbed by De Candolle, the leaves being tomentose beneath, Whole plant more or less clothed with
loose, white wool, except the pedicels and involucres.— simple or branched, 2 - 3 feet high. U a v e s rather
stiff, very long and naiTOw, 2 - 8 inches long, often much crowded on the stems, 4- I inch broad, sharp, margins
recurved, very woolly below, cobwebby above, quite entire or with a tooth on each side at the base, where they are
sessüe on the stem. CorymU spreading, with very slender branches. In w lu c e s much larger tban in any o f the
former species, nearly 4 an inch long, narrow ; scales very slender, gi-een.
4 . E rechtites hispidula (DC. Prodr. vi. 2 9 6 ) ; laxe araneoso-tomentosa v. nuda pilisque brevibus
albidis hispidula, foliis radicalibus p e tiolatis lon g e oblongo- v. lineari-lanceolatis grosse irregulariter dentatis
V. smuato-pimiatifldis inferne albo-tomentosis glabratisve e t concoloribus caulinis linearibus marginibus
revolutis sessüibus v. basi biauriculatis, iuvoluc ri basi sæpissime incrassati squamis glaberrimis, floribus
disci 6-dentatis, acheniis elongatis sulcatis erostratis puberulis apice callo superatis.— J7. N . Z eal. i. 1 4 2 j
Sonder in. Linneea, x x v . 6 2 4 . Senecio h ispidulns, A . B ich . Se rt. A s tro l. 9 2 . t. 3 4 . E . glabrescens, D C
I .e . (C » « « , 6 0 8 .)
H a b . Launce ston, Circular Head, e tc ., f t « » .— (P l. N o v .)
Distkib. South-eastern and South-western Australia ; N ew Zealand.
This is a variable speeies, especially as to the amount o f tomentum on the foliage, stem, and corymb, and the
cutting ot the leaves. New Zealand specimens are much more hispid, and have the leaves more toothed, and
almost pinnatifid. The capitula also vary much in size, being sometimes veiy narrow aud slender, and at others
broad, when the scales are united at the base into a fleshy, broad, obconic moss. The species approoelies very near
to E . arguta, which has usually shorter capitula. De Oaudolle describes the achema of E . glabreseem as rostrate,
but they are certainly not so, though slightly contracted below the upen.— Stems aud leaves more or less hispid!
and sometimes tomentose with lax, white wool, erect, 1 - 2 feet high, simple or branched from the roots ot above
the middle. Leaves 3 - 7 inches long, petioled, oblong or linear-lanceolate, entire, toothed or pinnatifid, hispid
above, covered loosely with white tomentum or glahrous beneath ; the cauline narrow-linear, sessile. Capitula
4 - 4 inch long, and 4 - 4 broad.
Ó. Erechtites Gunnii (H o ok . fil. in L o ad . Journ. B o t. vi. 1 2 2 ) ; laxe araneo-tomentosa, caule
erecto robusto sulcato, folus lon g e petiolatis an gu ste oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis denticulatis supra glabris
subtus araneo-tomentosis, caulinis linearibus sessilibus marginibus revolutis, corymbo subcontracto, capitu
lis basi araneosis, involucri squamis n itid is, floribus disci 4-d en ta tis, acheniis anguste linearibus apice dis-
coide is sulcatis glaberrimis. {Gnnn, 700.) (Tab. L X I I I .)
Hab. Common on the summits o f the W este rn Mountains, elev. 3000 fe et, in mo ist places : Arthur’s
Lakes, Marlborough, e tc ., Lawrence, G u n n .~ {Y \. J an ., F eb.)
This appears to be a very distinct species, though in so difficult a genus it is never safe to assume that what
appears veiy different wül prove to be so i f exposed to other conditions. All my specimens however from three
localities are quite simüar, and the glabrous achenia afford a very good character. The cobwebby wool is like tliat
o f E. quadndentata, and the foliage resembles that of E. hispidula, except tbat the leaves are never cut or lobed,
but only minutely toothed at the margin.— robust, 1 - 2 feet high, furrowed. Leaves 2 -5 inches long, narrow”
oblong-lanceolate, on loug petioles, smooth and glabrous above, covered with lax, white tomentum beneath ; the
upper sessUe, with revolute margins. Involucres generally black-puiple, 4 inch long, Achenium contracted below
, the apex, but not rostrate,— P l a t e LXIII. Fig. 1 , flower o f ray ; 2 , arm o f its style ; 3 , fiower of disc; 4 , pappus ;
5, corolla laid open ; 6, stamen ; 7, arms o f style -.— at'
Gen. X X X . SE N E C IO , L .
Omnia E r e d t i t i s , sed capitula homogama, plerumque radiata, floribus radii disco conformibus v. lig u latis.
In v o lu c ii squamæ lineari-oblongæ, plerumque apicibus sphacelatis, discoloribus. S ty li fl. herma-
phroditorum apice truncatis pilosis. Achenium teretiusculum v. sulcatum.— Herbæ, frútices, v . arbusculæ;
foliis alte rn is.
One of the largest genera o f plants, found in all parts o f the globe, the species of which are invariably extremely
difficult o f discrimination, not only the specific characters being liable to great variation, but the sectional
ones also, which are drawn from the involucral scales, discoid or radiate capitula, scabrous, smooth, or echinate
pappus, form o f the achenium, etc. Numbers of small groups have been proposed, but these all m n into one
another, individual species often oscillating between several o f them. About twenty Australian species of the
genus are known, the many more which ai-e enumerated being synonyms and varieties ; all of them are extratropical,
and the majority natives o f the South-eastern quarter o f the continent. In variety and beauty the Australian
species are far inferior to the New Zealand ones.— Herbs, bushes, or small trees, with alternate, simple or much
divided leaves. Capitula yeUow, many-flowered. Flowers of the circumference female, hgulate or like those of
the disc ; those o f the disc tubular, campanulate above, hermaphrodite, five-cleft ; anthers exserted. Arms o f the
styles of the disc-fiowers truncated, downy at the tip only ; those of the ligulate florets linear, rounded, blunt,
smooth. Involucre broadly hemispherical or oblong, of one series of long, gi-een, herbaceous scales, usually brown
at the tips, as long as the disc, and with a few much smaller scales at their base. Receptacle convex, papillose.
Achenia smooth or hairy, often ribbed. Pappus of two or more seifies of soft, slender, roughened or rigid and
scabrous, usuaUy snow-white hairs. (Name from senex, an old man ; in aUusion to the white, hairy pappus.)
a. Herbs, glabrous or nearly so, loith simple or branched, leafy stems, and coiymbose capitula.
1 . Senecio lautus (Forst. Prodr. 5 3 8 ) ; glaberrimus, herbaceus, caule breviusculo simplici v. ramoso
flexuoso sulcato, foliis carnosis polymorphis omnibus v. inferioribus solum petiolatis lineari-oblongis spathulatisve
acutis sinuato-dentatis superioribus v . sæpissime omnibus lineari-oblongis sinuatis lobatis pinnatifidisve
lobulis brevibus elongatisve integerrimis v . repando-dentatis, petiolis basi simplicibus v . semiamplexicaulibus,
corymbis o lig o -(3 -7 )-c ep h a lis, involucri late campanulati squamis linearibus a cuminatis basi squamulis paucis
sæpius subsquarrosis involucratis, ligu lis brevibus elongatisve rarius 0, acheniis linearibus sulcatis costis
pubescentibus.— F l. N . Zeal. i. 1 4 5 . S. rupicola, A . Rich . Voy. A stro l. 1 1 9 . t. 3 7 ; B C . I. c. S. carnu-
lentus, B C . I. c. S. piunatifolius, A . R ich . Voy. A stro l. 1 1 7 . S. crithmifolius, A. R ich . Voy. A stro l. 1 1 6 .
S. negle ctus, A . R ich . F l. N . Z eal. 2 5 8 . {Gunn, 1 0 6 , 4 3 4 .)
Variat insigniter, statura 4 -2 -p e d a lis ; caule gracili v. robusto, simplici v. e basi ramoso, superne g la berrimo
V. parce tomentoso; foliis brevibus e lougatisve, integris lobatis pinnatifidis v. subbipinoatifidis, s e g mentis
valde irregularibus; capitulis magnis parvisve; radii ligu lis latis angustisve, e longatis brevibusve;
acheniis pubescentibus glabratisve.
Hab. Abundant, especially everywhere on th e coasts.— (F l. O c t.-D e c .) {v. v.)
Distrib. South-eastern and South-western Australia; N ew Zealand.
Authentic specimens of Forster’s S. lautus, of Labillardicre’s S. linifolius, and an examination of A. Richard’s
specimens of the species included as synonjnns under this, enable me to refer them all, without hesitation, to one
common and variable species. The whole plant often becomes very succulent when exposed to the spray of
the sea.— Herbaceous, eveiywhere quite glabrous. Stems 6 -2 4 inches high, ereet, simple or branched, furrowed.
Leaves rather fleshy, the lower spathulate, the upper toothed or serrated or laciniate or pinnatifid, sometimes all
pinnatifid, the lohes entire or toothed; petioles simple or expanding at the base into semiamplexicaul lobes.
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