feris. hemisphæricum ; squamis imbricatis, multiseriatis. Staminum iàamawia lævia. Ackenium
calvum, glabrum, dorso bi-alatum, alis inflexis, margine subcrenatis.— Herbæ acaules, s c a p ig e ra ;
foliis radicalibus, p e tio la tis , subspathulatis, subtus a lb o - la n a tis ; scapis \ - c e p k a lis ; capitulis fia o is .
1. Cymbonotus Lawsonianus (Cass. D ie t. x x x v . 3 9 7 ) .— Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. B o t. 4 6 2 , t . 8 6 ;
B C . F ro d r. v. 4 9 1 . C. Pre issianus, S te e tz, P la n t. P r e is s . i. 4 8 6 . {Gunn, 5 0 9 .)
H a b . Abundant th roughout th e Islan d .— (F l. Oct.) {v. «.)
D i s t r i b . South-eastern and South-weste rn Australia.
A very common and variable plant, easily recognized by its bright yellow heads, whicli, appearing early in
spring, at a distance recalls the E nglish Piimrose to mind. Sonder has reduced the C. Preissianus to C. Lawsonianus,
and 1 have also failed to find any character wherebyto distinguish the Swan River individuals from the Tasmanian,
The genus is remarkable as being almost the only one of the tribe to wliieh it belongs which inhabits Austraha,
and for being most closely allied to the Cape genera Arc totis and Venidiuni.— A small, stemless herb, with numerous
spreading leaves, white beneath, and heads borne on short scapes. Roots o f many thick, fleshy fibres. Leaves
3 -5 inches long, spathulate, ovate, elliptical or oblong, coarsely toothed, lobed or runcinate-pinnatifid, with the
lobes denticulate ; upper surface pubescent or glahrous ; under thickly covered with appressed white down ; petioles
often tomentose. Scapes very short, tomentose. Heads i - l inch across. Involucre hemispherical, of several rows
of tomentose scales, sometimes black at the tips. Receptacle alveolate. Flowers o f ray in one series, hgulate,
female; of the disc tubular, five-toothed. Fappus none. Achenia with two dorsal wings. (Name fi-om KVjxflo^, a
hollow, and vwroç, the bark; in aUusion to the form of the achenium.)
Tribe IV . L k î o l i f l o r æ .
Gen. X X X IV . M IC R O SE R IS , B on .
Capitulum multiflorum; floribus omnibus hermaphroditis, ligulatis. Involucrum anguste campanula-
tum ; squamis linearibus, 1-seriatis, basi bracteolatis. Ree eptaculum nudum, alveolatum. Achenium lineare,
erostre, striatum, glaberrimum. P a p p u s 1-serialis, subpaleaceus, paleis glaberrimis, basi dilatatis, superne
in setam rigidam scaberulam productis.— Herbæ g la b r a , a ca u le s; foliis anguste-linearibus ; scapis 1-
c ephalis ; capitulis f a v i s .
1. Microseris Forsteri (F l. N . Zeal. i. 151); foliis an gu ste linearibus integerrimis sinuato-
dentatis pinnatifidisve lobis elongatis, pappi setis basi solum anguste paleaceis.— M. pygmæa, Ra ou l, Choix
de P la n te s de la Nou v e lle Zélande, p . 45, non Hooh. e t A m . Phyllopappus lanceolatus, Walpers m lÀ n -
n a a , x iv. 507 ; Sonder, ib id . x x v . 529. Scorzonera scapigera, Forst. P ro d r. 534. Monermos Lawrencii
Nob. in L on d. Journ. B ot. vi. 224. {Gunn, 506.) (Tab. L X V I .)
H a b . Abundant in g ood soil in many parts o f the Island, Lawrence, Gunn, etc.— (Fl. November.)
{v. V.)
D i s t r i b . South-eastern and South-western Au stra lia ; N ew Zealand.
There are only two known species of tbis genus, the present and a very closely allied Chilian plant, which
differs in the broader paleæ o f the pappus. I t is everywhere an extremely variable plant, sometimes being nearly
two feet high, with leaves almost an inch broad, and varying from being perfectly entire to deeply pinnatifid. A
stemless herb, with milky juice, narrow, flaccid leaves, and sohtary, yellow heads on slender scapes. Roots o f many
fleshy fibres, eaten by the natives o f Port Phillip, etc. {Gunn). U a v es 1 -6 inches long, linear, quite entire, toothed
or pinnatifid, very irregularly cut. Scapes longer or shorter than the leaves, often downy above. Heads 4 - | inch
long. Involucre narrow, campanulate, o f one series of linear, erect, fleshy scales, with membranous borders, surrounded
at the base by two series o f much smaller, ovate, acuminate scales. Florets all ligidate, yellow, with narrow,
spreading hguke and short tubes. Achenia linear, quite smooth. Pappus pale yellow-brown, of one series of
slender, smooth bristles, expanding below and becoming paleaceous. Receptacle smootli, glabrous, pitted. This
plant is common to Tasmama and South Australia, varying extremely in both countries, sometimes attaining a
height of nearly two feet, with leaves as broad as the finger ; these vary in amount of lobing, being entire or pinnatifid,
with long, narrow, spreading segments an inch long. (Name from /xixpos, small, and o-eptç, a le ttu c e )—
Plate LXVI. Fig. 1, receptacle and portion o f involucre; 2, flower; 8, stamen; 4, arms of style; 5, achema:—
a ll magnified.
Gen. X X X V . P IC R IS , A.
Capitulum multiflorum ; flosculis omnibus ligu la tis. In vo lu c ri squamæ imbricatæ, exteriores patulæ.
Reeeptaculum nudum. Achenium sulcatum, ju g is apice transverse rugosis. P a p pu s 1 -2 -s e r ia lis ; pilis
p lumosis.— Herbæ e rec ta , scaberu la v .p i l o s a ; foliis a lte r n is ; capitulis subcorymbosis,fiavis.
Tall, erect, leafy lierbs, with milky juice, of wliich one European species also inhabits various parts of India,
Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, varying considerably, especially in hairiness,-hi aU places, being sometimes
nearly smooth, at others very hispid, with stiff, spreading bristles. Stems 2 -4 feet high. Radical leaves petiolate,
linear-ohlong, blunt, more or less sinuate, toothed and hispid ; cauUne smsdler, sessile, linear, acuminate. Panicle
loosely branched. Peduncles long and slender, often quite smooth. Pedicels bracteolate, Involucres 4 - 4 inch
long, campanulate ; scales in two to three series, hispid and pubescent ; the outer shorter, often recurved ; inner
long, fonning one row, acuminate. Floioers all ligulate, yellow ; ray s spreading. Fappus of one series of fine
white, feathery, soft hairs. Achenia contracted above, turgid below, furrowed, the ridges tuberculate.— The other
species o f this genus are chiefiy natives o f the South of Europe. (Name from wiKpos, bitter, as is the juice o f this
and many others o f the tribe.)
1. P ic ris hieracioides (L in n . Sp. PL 1 1 1 5 ) ; pilus minusve hispido-pilosa, foliis petiolatis oblongo-
lanceolatis sinuatis dentatisve caulinis basi semiamplexicaulibus, capitulis corymbosis, acheniis su p em e con-
strictis striatis transverse ragu losis.— DG. P ro d r . vii. 1 2 8 . P . attenuata, A . Cunn. in Ann. N a t. H is t. ii.
1 2 5 . P . angustifolia, DG. P r o d r . vii. 1 3 0 ; Sonder in L in n a a , xxv. 5 2 9 . P . barbarorum, L in d l. in Ann.
Sc. N a t. Ser. 2 . xv. 6 3 . P . squarrosa, S te e tz, in P la n t. P re iss. i. 4 8 8 ; Sonder, I. c. P. asperrima, L in d l.
in B o t. Reg . 1 8 3 8 , N o . 1 0 8 . {Gunn, 1 1 5 .)
H a b . Common in th e northern parts o f th e Island, Gunn, eto.— ( f \ . N o v ., De c .) {v. v.)
D i s t e i b . South-eastern and South-western Australia ; N ew Zealand; Temperate Europe and Asia.
Gen. X X X V I . SO N C H U S , L .
Capitulum multiflorum; floribus omnibus hermaphroditis, ligulatis. In vo lu c ri squamæ imbricatæ,
multi- V. pauci-seriatæ. Re eeptaculum nudum. Achenia omnia conformia, compressa v, alata, costata,
erostria, lævia v. tuberculata. P a p p u s mollis, pluriserialis, pilis tenuissimis albis.— H e rbæ p le r a q u e e la ta ;
caulibus spongiosis fistu lo sisv e ; foliis a lte rn is ; capitubs f la v is pu rpu re isv e .
1. Sonchus asper (Fuchs, H ist. 6 7 4 ) .— S . fallax, W a llr o th ; B C . P ro d r. vii. 1 8 5 . S . oleraceus,
7 e t 8, L in n . Sp. P I . 1 1 1 7 . S. oleraceus, fl, asper, DG. Fl. Franc. 2 8 9 5 .
Vai-. fl. megalocarpa ; acheniis crassis late alatis compressis disco sulcatis costis 3 - 5 spongiosis.
{Gunn, 8 4 5 .)
H a b . Var. fl. megalocarpa, common, b u t only near the sea on the north shore o f the Islan d , Gunn.
— (FL D e c .-F e b .)
Tlie subject of the Southern Sonchi allied to the European S. oleraceus, asper and arvensis, is involved in ranch