b y s ta r v a tio n , o f m o s t o f h is p a r ty . A m o n g s t th e s'll^^^^’Ol•s w a s M r . Carrón, th e b o ta n is t , w h o se
n a r r a tiv e i s fu ll o f e x c e lle n t o b se r v a tio n s o n th e v e g e ta tio n o f th e sw am p y a u d a lm o s t im p ra c ticab le
c o u n tr y tra v e r sed . I t in c lu d e s th e n o t ic e o f a N e p en th e s , w h ich , w ith th e r e st o f th e c o lle c t io n , was
lo s t . A ir . A PG illiv r a y ’s h e rb a r ium w a s g iv e n to S ir AV. H o o k e r , an d c o n ta in s sev e ra l h u n d r ed sp e c ie s
iu e x c e lle n t p r e se rv a tion .
T h e o n ly o th e r E n g lis h n a v a l ex p ed itio n r em a in in g t o b e n o t ic e d i s th a t o f C a p ta in D en h am ,
n ow su r v e y in g th e P a c ific I s la n d s in H .M .S . ‘ H e r a ld .’ H e w a s a c com p a n ied b y Air. M ‘G illiv r a y
a n d a b o ta n ic a l c o lle c to r : an d h a s s e n t som e in te r e s tin g c o lle c tio n s fr om L o rd H ow e ’s I s la n d , betw'een
A u s tr a lia a n d N ew Z e a la n d , and from D ir k H a i'to g ’s I s la n d a n d S h a rk s B a y .
T h e F r e n c h E x p e d itio n s ran k n e x t in im p o r ta n c e to th e B r it ish . O f th e s e th e fir st is th a t o f
D ’E n tr e c a s te a u x . I u 1 7 9 2 th e F r e n c h E x p e d itio n , u n d e r G en e r a l D ’E n tr e c a s te a u x , v is it e d T a sm a n ia
an d so u th -w e s t e r n A u s tr a lia . C o n sid e ra b le c o lle c t io n s w e r e m a d e b y M . J . J . L a b illa rd ie r e , w h o
p u b lish ed figu r e s an d d e sc r ip tio n s o f 2 6 5 o f th e m o s t in t e r e s t in g in h is ‘ N o væ -H o lla n d iæ P la n ta rum
S p e c im en ,’ 2 v o ls. 4 to , P a r is, 1 8 0 4 , an d d e sc r ib ed a few o th e r s in th e n a r ra tiv e o f th e v o y a g e ,
w h ic h w as w r itt e n b y h im s e lf , a w o rk a c com p an ied b y fo lio p la te s o f s e v e r a l o f th e p lan ts.
I n 1 8 0 0 , th e E x p e d itio n o f C ap ta in B a u d in , in th e ‘ G é o g r a p h ie ,’ ‘ N a tu r a lis t e ,’ an d ‘ Ca su a rin a ,’
le ft F r a n c e o n a v o y a g e o f d isc o v e r y an d su r v e y a lo n g th e sh o r e s o f A u s tr a lia . O u t o f a la r g e sta ff
o f n a tu r a lis ts , AIAI. L e s c h e n a u lt d e la T ou r , th e b o ta n is t ,* a n d R ie d lé , S a u t ie r , a n d G u ic h e n o t, all
g a rd en e r s, s e em t o h ave b e en ch ie fly o c cu p ied \v ith th e b o ta n ic a l d ep a r tm en t, a n d fo rm ed la rg e
c o lle c tio n s , w h ic h ar e n ow in th e J a rd in d e s P la n te s . T h e y w e r e c o lle c t e d p r in c ip a lly o n th e isla n d s
o f t lie n o r th -w e s t an d w e s t co a sts, iu T a sm a u ia an d N ew S o u th AA'alcs. T h e s e w e r e n o t p u b lish ed
in a c o n n e c t e d m an n e r , b u t th e y g a v e r is e t o va r iou s p apers, in th e ‘ A lem o ir e s d u A lu s é u m ’ and
‘ A n n a le s d u A lu s éum ,’ b y D e s fo n ta in e s a n d o th e r s.
S om e g en e r a l r em a rk s o n th e b o ta n y o f A u s t r a lia an d T a sm a n ia are g iv e n b y M . L e s c h e n a u lt in
th e se c o n d v o lum e o f th e N a r r a tiv e o f th e E x p e d it io n (4 to , P a r is , 1 8 1 6 ) ; a n d m a n y o f th e p lan ts
figu r ed in th e fin e work o f AI. V e n t e n a t , ‘ J a rd in A la lm a iso n ,’ w e r e in tr o d u c ed in to E u r o p e b y th e
office rs o f t h is v o y a g e .
I n 1 8 1 8 an d 1 8 1 9 , C ap ta in F r e y c in e t’s E x p e d it io n in th e F r e n c h c o r v e tte s ‘ U r a n i e ’ an d ‘ P h y sic
ie n n e ’ v is ite d th e B a ie d e s C h ie n s M a r in s o n th e w e s t c o a s t o f A u s tr a lia , w h e r e c o n sid e ra b le
c o lle c tio n s w e r e m a d e b y AI. G a u d ieh a u d , an d afterw a rd s, a t va r iou s p a r ts o f N ew S o u th W a le s ,
P o r t J a ck so n , B o ta n y B a y , th e B lu e A lo u n ta in s , e t c . A few o f th e p la n ts w e r e p u b lish ed b y th e
sam e n a tu r a lis t an d o th e r s ,! in a q u ar to v o lum e o f le tte r p r e s s a n d fo lio o f p la te s (P a r is, 1 8 2 6 ) .
I n 1 8 2 4 , C ap ta in D u p e r r e y v is ite d S y d n e y in th e co r v e tte ‘ L a C o q u ille ,’ o n a v o y a g e o f disco v e ry .
S h e carried tw o n a tu r a lis ts , AI. D ’U r v ille (afterwards th e c e leb r a ted A dm ir a l, and an a rd en t b o ta n
ic a l c o lle c to r ), an d L e s s o n , an a c c om p lish ed z o o lo g is t . A p o r tio n o f t h e p la n ts o f th is v o y a g e we re
p u b lish ed in 1 8 2 9 , b y MAI. B r o n g n ia r t, D ’U r v ille , an d B o r y d e S t . V in c e n t, in a se r ie s o f 7 8 fo lio
p la te s, an d a q u a r to v o lum e o f 2 3 2 p a g e s ; b o th p a r ts ar e h ow ev e r in c om p le te .
I n 1 8 2 7 th e F r e n c h d is c o v e r y -sh ip ‘ L ’A s tr o la b e ,’ c om m a n d e d b y C ap ta in D ’U r v ille , v isited
P o r t J a c k s o n ; sh e w a s a c c om p a n ied b y M . L e s s o n , a s n a tu r a lis t. S om e b o ta n ic a l c o lle c tio n s were
m ad e , b u t m o r e im p o r ta n t o n e s w e r e r e c e iv ed from M r . F ra se r , S u p e r in ten d en t o f t h e S y d n e y B o ta n ic
* Two other botanists, A. Michaux (afterwards author of the ‘ Sylva Americana’), and J. D elisse, also embarked
on this expedition, but left it at the Isle of France, on the outward voyage. Bory de St. Vincent, afterwards eminent
as a botanist, embarked as zoologist, and was also left at the Isle of France.
! The Lichens and Fungi by Persoon, Algæ by Agardh, Mosses and Hepaticæ by Schwægriclien.
Gard en s. O f th e s e a few w e r e p u b lish ed b y L e s s o n and A . R ich a rd , in 1 8 3 2 , in an o c ta v o v o lum e
o f le tte rp r e s s , an d fo lio o f p la te s.
C ap ta in D ’U r v ille a g a in v is ite d A u str a lia , S y d n e y , a u d a lso T a sm a n ia , w h en o n hia m em o ra b le
v o y a g e to th e A n ta r c t ic r eg io n s in 1 8 3 9 , w h e n c o lle c tio n s w e r e m a d e b y M M . H om b r o n an d J a c q u in
o t, th e m ed ic a l offic er s o f tb e E x p ed itio n , a t S y d n e y , P o r t E s s in g to n , B a ffle s B a y , e tc ., b u t v e ry
few o f th em h a v e b e en p u b lish ed .
T h e U n it e d S ta t e s E x p lo r in g E x p ed itio n , u n d e r C om m od o r e W ilk e s , v is ite d T a sm am a an d S y d n e y
in 1 8 8 9 , an d la r g e c o lle c tio n s w e r e m a d e , n e a r P o r t J a ck so n , e tc . T h o se h a v e b e en in p ar t p u b lish ed
b y P ro fe sso r A s a G ra y , o f H a rv a rd U n iv e r s ity , C am b rid g e , in h is e x c e lle n t ‘ B o ta n y o f th e U n it e d
S ta te s E x p lo r in g E x p e d itio n ,’ o f w h ic h o n e q u a r to v o lum e o f le tte rp r e s s an d o n e fo lio v o lum e o f p la te s
a lo n e h a v e liith c r to appeared.
T h e A u s tr ia n e x p lo r in g f r ig a t e ‘ N o v a r a ’ h a s r e tu rn ed t o E u r o p e d u r in g th e p a ssa g e o f th e s e
sh e e t s th r o u g h th e p r e ss, an d h a s n o d o u b t b r o u g h t v a lu a b le coU eo tion s, b u t I am n o t awar e o f th e ir
n a tu r e o r e x ten t.
I I . 1 4N D EXPEDITIONS UNDERTAKEN BY ORDER OP THE n O I I I 0 R COEONIAL GOVERNMENTS.
T h e fir st C o lo n ia l E x p e d itio n s th a t added m u c h t o om- k n ow le d g e o f th e b o ta n y o f A u sti-alia we re
th o s e o f L ie u te n a n t O x le y , S u r v e y o r -G en e r a l o f N ew S o u th W a le s , a cro ss th e B lu e M o u n ta in s , M r .
O x le y sta r ted o n h is first e x p ed itio n , in 1 8 1 7 , to a sc e r ta in th e co u r se o f th e L a ch la n , a n d w as a c c om p
a n ied b y A lla n C u n n in g h am , a s K in g ’s B o ta n is t , a n d M r , F ra se r, a s C o lo n ia l B o ta n is t. E a r ly in
1 8 1 8 , M r . O x le y , w ith M r . E rase r, a g a in le f t S y d n e y , t o e x am in e th e c o u r se o f th e M a cq u a r ie . On
b o th th e s e o c c a sio n s la r g e c o lle c t io n s w e r e m a d e , an d th e jo u r n a l o f th e E x p e d itio n w as p u b lish ed b y
L ie u te n a n t O x le y in o n e qu a r to v o lum e {L on d on , 1 8 2 0 ) .
T h e la n d ex p ed itio n s o f A lla n C u n n in g h am , in 1 8 2 6 an d 1 8 2 7 , are th e n e x t in d a t e ; th e y ha v e
b e en a lr ead y n o tic e d (at p . c x iv .) . C ap ta in S tu r t’s E x p e d itio n w as d e sp a tch ed to fo llow u p C u n n in g -
h am ’s an d O x le y ’s d isco v e r ie s.
Cap tain Charles S tu r t, a n officer o f h is M a j e s ty ’s 3 9 th K e g im e n t, th e n o n m ilita r y d u ty iu
N ew S o u th W a le s , w a s com m is s io n ed b y th e C o lo n ia l G o v e rnm en t to a sc e r ta in th e com-se o f th e
r iv e r s r is in g o n th e w e s te rn w a te r sh ed o f th e B in e M o u n ta in s . H e a c c o rd in g ly le f t S y d n e y in
1 8 2 8 , p ro c e ed ed to th e W e llin g to n V a lle y , tn c n th e m o s t r em o te n o r th -w e s te r n s e tt lem e n t , a n d proc
e ed ed dow n th e M a cq u a r ie t o th e D a r lin g R iv e r , w h en c e h e retm-ned to S y d n e y . I n 1 8 2 9 a n o th e r
E x p c d itio n w a s fitted o u t, u n d e r C ap ta in S tu r t , and d e sp a tch ed to th e M u r i-um h id g e e R iv e r , when
th e M u r r a y w as d isco v e r ed , an d n am ed , an d foUowed to it s d éb o u ch é in L a k e A lex a n d r ia , an d th u s
in to th e sea , fr om w h en c e th o E x p e d itio n r etm-ned b y th e sam e r iv e rs. T h e r e are n o b o ta n ica l
o b se rv a tio n s in th e na r ra tiv e o f th e s e r em a rk ab le an d in te r e s t in g jo u r n e y s , n o r is th e r e a n y n o tic e
o f c o lle c t io n s h a v in g b e en made.
I n 1 8 1 4 , C a p ta in S tm-t stai-ted fr om A d e la id e o n a n o th e r an d s till m o r e r em a rk ab le jo u r n e y ,
w h en , a d v an c in g n o r th in to tb e hcai-t o f A u sti-alia, h e r ea ch ed th e 2 5 th p a ralle l o f la t itu d e in
lo n g itu d e 1 3 9 E . O n t liis o c c a s io n a con sid e rab le c o lle c tio n w as m ad e , am o u n tin g to a b o u t 1 0 0
sp e c ie s , som e o t w h ic h w e r e d esc r ib ed b y B r ow n in th e ap p en d ix to C ap ta in S tu r t ’s n a r ra tiv e o f
th e E x p ed itio n .
C ap tain (n ow S ir G eo rg e ) G r e y ’s E x p e d itio n s o n tb e w e s t co a st o f A u s tr a lia w e r e o rg an iz ed in
th e h op e o f d isco v e r in g a la r g e riv e r or in le t w h ich w a s su p p o sed to e x is t in th a t qnai-ter. The