every respect, -except size. They seldom exceed- thirteen- hands; and in
general are below this standard.
The
<V resist its effects: a fowl died rin t.wen£y-fouT£©irs after the wound«; others'hVe'recovered
“ after being partially (effected.
« xhe eighteenth and/sueceeding .experiments' were made- with-the,poison 'prepared from the
“! chetik. Its.-operation -is far more violent and-rapidthan that of MS&anchar, dad'it affects
'“..the animal,system in a different manner. While the anchar operates' cKie&jt cm the stomach,
M .alimentary canal, the respiration_and r circulation, the chetiki is determined 'jiojjthertbfain‘and
« nervous system-:, a relative comparison of the appearances! onjchssection;:-J-demonstrates in a
,«< striking manner the peculiar operation of each. A. general view 'pf the effects • ofbthe - chetik
.“.«m-^ukdrupeds .is given in these experiments.- After the previous symptoms, of,faintness,
.«^drowsiness, apd-slight convulsions, it acts by a sudden impulse,
«-plexy prostrates at once the whole nervous system! iAnttivb qfjhese experiments-thistsudden
“ effect toot place ih-the sixth minute after the wound, tin another in,the seventftminhli.:cthe _
V animals suddenly started,=-fell.down head foremost, and continuedm^commlsions until.death
-‘-•«ensued^ This poison affects.fowls in a-much more violent.manner than^tbat ofjjh.e^phar.
“ They are first-affected by-a heat and itching of -the breast and wings,. Whi.objtftpyishe-w;by
' ’viole'ntly.piecEing those parts ;i.this is. foHowed'by a loose- discharge.from^^bp,Weis> when
.“.--they are seizedjwithitremors and buttering;otthe wing$. which »havmg^Jfnti^echtaj-short
5«atime; -they fall down head foremost, andncontisue copxalssdltill; death. , In .some instances,
,‘i particularly yquflgjowls, the, poison., acts with- great rapidity death has-fi-equently, occurred ^
■P .within the space of a minute,after a puncture with apoigorted dart. =l_
“ -Taken»into .the stomach of,.quadrupeds-,ithe chetik acts as a-mpsti-violent pPi'Spn;h;Uttit*
fl/arequires about thrice the period to produce the same .effect-.which:« wouncL-prodkce^ rjBut-
i«f the.--Stomach(i.oii)fowls- can,-ijesist; its operation. Having mixed- abouti.doubles'thp Quantity
“ generally;adhering to'a-dart with-Jthe Jpqd-.pf^ fewfcitflCongumC.d-.-it, withouttfshnwingfeiiy
“ marks of- indisposition. _J£he poison of the anchar doeejby_-mo- means apt ;as adoletiflyron
“ .quadrupeds as thgt of the chetik. I have given itt,i»a dogr^^prqdueecfe-aijfirsUifggil^the
same symptoms as a ,p«aetthe; oppression of the head, twitchings, faintness,Mab,fr©.usrres-
“ piration, violent contraction of the.pectoral and abdominalmusfefes,.Ae.jfivehiehacdptinned
“inbrnly utwoi.hoursiivbttt after the complete evacuation of the Stomach-by,'tvoMt&igjithe
- 'jttt animal graduaUy. recoyejcd..^;
“ I have but ljttle.to add.concerning-the operation of the qnjfth,ar»on the human system.-i-The
.<{, oniy eredible.infoftnatipn.on this ;subject is'cgntained,in_the work. oftB-^umphius, ,whoJ^ad
jift an opportunity of .personally observing the effect of. the*,poisoned, darts andnxrnws agjhey
difvvere msed,>hyathe-nati?esjof Makasar,-Jp thejr attack on Amboyna ab]OutithefyeaJj]j6S0,
* g* . IThey were alsfe employed by the.inhabitants. of G e l^e sjq ; their, former; warsswith theJDutcb.
^ Speaking df their operation h e says, ‘ the poison touching th e , warm blood,-.-.itris^ingtantly
-‘»carried.through the.jwholejbbdy, so that i t may-be felt -in^aft-thfo veins,- and pauses' an
1 . excessive feprning,-particularly .in the head, which is rfollow.edj,by„ faintjhg'.and. death.’
“ This poison *,{ao6grding to ,th e same, author)., possesses,different degrees,lofj.virjilence,
( i according to its age and-state..of preservation. The most powerful is called.upas raja,- and
“ its
The bull-'and covr\ (sapic oi Mmbii) are general, but much'more so in thé
C e n t r a l'And‘eastern districts than in , the;!.western. - The breed has been
greâtlÿ improved by the species introduced-from continental India. But the
animal of most essential and general use in the, agriculture of the country
is'the buffalo- (kâbu, maisa, <^mwn'ding)À& particular account?'of which will
appear in thé chapter oft. Agi^ulture. Goàtwjwedus)^ are numerous and of
à small siWiQsheep (called there .’ European goats), are» scarce and small*
As in other fs-ultry climates,' -the latter have a coaijse woollen ' coat, which
is-Employed for stuffing'saddles,:-pillows, &OT;-bktvit is insjs,ô: little request?
that the-inhabitants àrè rarely at -the trouble*®!« shearing for £it:i The hog-
(chéler^)imreavkà .principally among the Chinese.
- 0 fib'&a;sts:j eti-pr ey may be enumerated sèvefal-'speGÎêS'ofJ thex tiger, ' as
the'mmMn "l^reng,,s4felïs)rtigrislj, ‘mâcfmn.igôgèr „(à vapiètyk;1 mâoha?i~>tütul
^p^bahl^bW,! small lebpard^wf-Bennan|^i fnachm ’h o m in g and :Mwuh}
theismallêst jcind, - 'ealled'tigep. cats«,The-jackal,- ähd several varieties-of
the.wild d o g ;ïa s',the:£MM <wâmar, âsu àjag, ovlâs^lJcità. ÿ and - among Mother
wild quadrujifedsj-,thé rhinoceros,' and bânteng,-or wild. Javan o x J the -wild
hogf and 'thep'Stag the last,- jas'lwell as'the ^rib-Jaceds-and axis-djeer, is
tamed and-fattened for food. The aggregate number of.’mammalia On'Java
Kay^fb'eèn^ë^lâi^âWd^’at about fifty. The häbits and manners » o f-th lf
animals,^ffiß^tig^r, leopard^ black . tiger, rhinoceros- and stag,
and twojspecieïs ö f^S e rJ the Varieties of the wild hog,ù&c. -are sufficiently
known; but the^banteng, or Javan ox, the Javanir'buualb, the varieties ~of
the!^wild^-'dogjSU-those, ofsthe weasel and squirrel,’ and most "of'«this .other
smaller,quadrupeds,; still -present curious' subjects • fdr'-the 'study- of the na-'
turalist. 'Next ’to -the/rhinoceros, which - sometimes (though rarely, at pre*
serit^l^-njures plantations; the wild hogs are the most- destructivel-animals.
They arq often «poisoned- (or intoxicated, according todjthe /quantity : thOy^
H " MonMinie)«
“-its.effects are-,considered as incurable ; the\o]fcher kinds are'distribjitêd’among -die soldiers.on i
‘‘^^ijrgttcrwar.. After having proved mortal to f.many of th^DötcK^soJitiersiimAmboyna and
‘^^lakasar, 'tffêy'fmklly _dis covered "an almoskinfalEple;. remed^%i\Æ,e root ^of ihe^rad^^toxi-
“ caria of Bhumphius, which, if timely applied, counteracted, by "its violent emetic effect,
“ thé force of the upas. An intelligent Javan of Banyuwangi informed me, that a number’of
‘ years ago to inhabitant of that district was wounded in a clandestine manner, by an arrow
“ '.thrpwjjïfrom a blow pipe,' in the fore arm. near the arfignlatipn,of the elbow. In about
“ fifteen minutes he became drowsy ; after which he was seized with vomiting, .became .
rfajfjfirious, and.in-less than half an hour^e1 * From the êxpenfiients above rmated,' we
9 an anafögWèstirn'ate oftits pfSbalble effects öS ^
Batavwi Transactions, vol. vfiv v\