m RIVERS 'AND LAKES.
dalledfthe river of Madion, .unite's itself, with that of.' Sfflp,- and -from lienee
its 'cohrse, which, in various- placesjbas been rapid, and in a, few places impeded
with rocks,-is calm, regular,, and.steady lo,.its .discharge. I t ha»
been "estimated, that the-extent pf;.#«* windings of. this ^ye^ig- n ^ e s s than
three huridred-and -fifty.-six 'English mile.s, -frqm Sdra:kerta .to.
in the chart onlpgives a straight line. of.one hundred, and forty E i|g ^m ile s ,
and during its whole course no serious impediment appearsfo.its navigation.
Thisriver is-of. great.importance to.the inland trade of manyofthe eastern
provinces. •' Düring the rainy season, boats, of considerable, size, convey the
produce of-an extensive,tract of country to „the sea;, and,-except duringj;he
months df'*August,'. September, and .October, apd .i^s^sbn.svu,ncommo|ly
dry, - it bears'downbeats.'of middling, or small size,dp;ring.;the whole je a r,
from a .considerable-distance above.&^a-Mrta. .Tugboats .employed m^the,
navigation of the river; are of very different sj^es,,|nd a.peculiar- construction
:5’they arb very longvin proportion to^tlieir breadth, bav^ flat bottoms,
arid draw very little'.water. . Thdse-gene,rally usgd.dmcoi^^
fronri'one: village to another in ..the vicinity .of, Sur.a-kflrty, i ^ ^ o n l y a few
tofts,-tand have a. temporary..covering ofrstraw.mats,, or ■k^ung^,qt]ieißs^
more carefully constructed, have a regular loof of planks and a chamber or
cabin.which.-can be--closed, and convey from fifty- toj ^ ^ b u pdred^ tops.
These are,generally used by individuals in theift^ventures
■Surabaya. The largest, which are the: property
"two hundred-tons. They are employed in tiansporting^a^producg^pf-.aeT
veral of cthe'interior provinces, consisting chiefly-ofi pepper^nd^-coffeej^td
Gyesik, - and return laden with saif and"1 foreign merbharidize Tfot- tÄ^cdn-
sumption of the. interior. .They require a considerable clepth ‘ö f ^ ^ r 7%iid
can only pass when the’ river is swollen by continued .rains. .
depart from 'Sura-kerta in the month • of January. .Thcircour.se. down,the
river is rapid: they generally arrive at Gresik in eight'däys«; -but they can
.perform but.one.voyage in a season, as they require nearly"fiffur-months to
-work-up .the stream.
" The river of Surabaya,'the- second in magnitude, .of, the whole island,?/ rises
near Sätu, in'the vicinity/,of-the- southern- hills of, the mountain, Arjwpa.
It is near its source called KaliMantas. ‘Near the capital of MnUngtSi
receives, two streams from the eastward. There.it first takes ‘its cöürsö
»through the most southern provinces,,of the island, when finding foundihe
mountain Käwi it retflrffs again-to the. the .-north, receiving near its curva,-
ture
thre numerous'augmentations"from'-theisorithern/ridge of. mountains.- The
chief ^ ’®1se‘4|^iK'e' ‘W ssti,a ' considerablerivet - coming - from - the east,,
wMcfJ^i'fe’ft near,the boundary/of • MaMri^and Serihg’at.;.' Continuing its,
course in a^bofth&r'n direcfioft/it’ traverses;the -provinces of Rdwo- and
Kedirij being' jbinSd^onlthe -way£by'tHfe'?river Rdwo ;<-hefe .it attains its
utm'ftst magnitfide, and fis •distinguished bythriiname/of. Beng'aw'api Kediri.
From-fhe-'eapifal'iof this • district'-tblits'jmoulhS; it is, navigable for boats of
VefiyoO'rfslderabie ' and lts-fcO’uS&eds steady and uninterrupted. Having
cfdssed^fie^di^tiicf of- Wivagcbta-mtiPJcupan’, dtLenter-s-that m&Surab&ya.s - I f
dfsbhSt^e^itleffri'iif’d ttfcfe ncehpVbyVjfi ve Outlets,*wftirih) form as--many. separate
rivers.*'*’ The*first: o^ftfemr • taking- an^re'asterly'iCour.se.LrtS ' called . the river'
Ttinong theft* foll<^'thoskJ ofP/Thngi’gpMng.^gfrSiJ^Mri, -Kedfoig, , and
lastly of WbnoddfM), which again "subdividing s^ffds off the branch which
^ sses' Surdbdy‘cC.‘ ' ■
" 1 Sevdfal^s^cfeiltF 'rftelsj7 whichwfSll: into» thrirsefi.) .between-; Sema%atigf and
‘Saserrlf a'r’e^^^Hly^ifiipoFtant-for-thebconye^Oceiiofi-'teak.timber from the
'Bernal ford'sfs%o the3-eo^<E; - and-fcftdsiwators- from; some' o f them - befng
dWffc^u^info canals, jiarffcularly through' theft ovv^district of. DemaJc^ ten d
brins'i'derab’iy 4q?iQ c^elSe1 irilau d> navigation-of. tfte^qunti'y.;
-' Tn 'the' -^estdrii" 'districts, ithe«principalV/rivb^i'whicU- discharge. thcpige|ve^
into• thekfMftOftth'e^riotth'efmfeoast-areiAe Ghi+kdudi, -thefpres,ept
Baritam andftthh' Cn’viroris^of'vBatavia^' ^the., Cm^dani,
Wh'icfi ^ is^b ^rgfis^ feii^be'lb'W 'r a n the '*0Lfctatorrii which falls into'jjnp
lha? belriwJ Ar^wiorig^^arid which .foripg-' Ife ^^^§ent. b oundpr y
tefwSerii ^rdffi&yutm&'GMrifron'!!- The/ principa]iTir^p|^.which -discharge'
'themselve'A^^ftie ■ kob'tftdc/ast'^ar’e the-Chi-mandivi, whiqlv falls-into dhe.seh>
'd^P ’dld^udrd-rdiup oT Wyri\@cf^)'s-'Bay-;.' -the* ChiTtdndui, .which, disembogues -
i ^ ^ ‘^]pMaW^&dh^dnP'rSLtid=i t$f0Serdyu,^ which- ^taking; sffe^'rise - in the"'
iftbfib'lEin^^f^^-'cfr1 Prdhul'%r^verSfesr dhe/ richs.d3Siri.cts^bftj^aM^MWws,, and.
fhlls ibto t h e ^ ^ a‘ shoft -distance fto'the:©astiof JShtUdiqy i bd|%ese riyerpi,
f t ^i ^h^of er abl e depth, >are choked^upiat? their«;m.eutbs-bx.'^davy banks -
‘O^bkrs,' arid in 'c6ffs^cjubricej' ofcthe-fheavy^ur^^hiGh constantly- breaks,- ons
the-.sbuftihrri'ed^ffi'ate d'angefousEat thei^ientrance., ~ .
Along the northern coa^t,"' almost every1 district has its priricipal riyer^and
mbst^hf the m1 arb ma'riglihfelup I to" the m ar itim e - capitals«for uiaitive, vessels of
corisideOTl^lhimte’fl'V butithey alb hav^'the^ disadyaptage» qf,being partially
blocked’up'al; their^discharge'by extensive barsj and mud-banks, an^eyil which ’
H I is