•Subjects,
“ will become attached to him: the people will then live quret and happy,
“ perform their labours with-cheerfolness, and wish that his administration
*® may be lasting.
. “ A prime minister, ought nevertheless not to be too confident in 'this,
“ but always remain on his guard against the designs of bad men.
“ There are many examples; of such prime ministers: among which’ is
“ Raja Jqjahan, prime minister!of Mesir Egypt),: to whom all-’ the peöplè
“ df the country, great and small, were much attached.
,v “ Whenever, his brother.officers intended tc'visit Jtfie 'princefór thCi-pur-
“ pose of paying their respects, they always assembled at the priméSmihis-
l/.vteris house where they »generally partook of a meal: after this'thdySpTo-
“ . ceede,d to the court, .followed by the prime:minister on-foQt,;idiessédi in'
“ white,. witli .only thrpe. attendants,- carrying a spear' andcotb:eri;^.r-tièl'e,S óf
“ state before him. j By this, conduethesupposed that he wasscreenêd^frpm
.reproach and. that he .was frêedïfrom.eöemies ^ but at .the; very.time there
“ were enemies conspiring against his life, as was afterwards .diseóuèred:
“ therefore ought a prime minister not only to be virtuous, butt cautious
“* also, and always armed against his enemies,; in jthe same manner as a
“ sportsman arms himself against wild beasts; "
“ A subject going into.. the r.pxesence,I of .his prince must be .clean tand
fl well-dressed, wearing proper cheldna (pantaloons). He must hg,ve-a good
“ girdle and a. sharp kris, and be anointed,with aromatic oils, He :jnust
“ range himself with his equals, and convincel them .oftjbis abilities 2nd
“ good breedingbecause from this it-iis: that be- has to expect favour or
“ disgrace,' /grief or,..joy, happiness or misery; for aJ:prinCe .can -either
“ exalt, of humble him.
“ A prince.is like a dalang (yodyang player), his subjects' »hike .'wayangs,
“ and the law is as the wick of the lamp used in these ..entertainments : for
“ a prince; can do with his subjects what he pleases, in . the . same manner
“ as the dalang acts with his wayangs according to ,his. own ftocjrf;' the
“ prince having the law, and the dalang the lamp,'to prevent them from
“ going out of the right way.
“ In like manner, as it is incumbent on \\ie dalang to make magnanimity
and justice the principal subjects of his representation, in order tbattfhe
$( spectators may. be instructed and animated tberêby, ;so should a pjEihce,
“ a prime minister, and chief officers óf the court, direct the administration
“ of the country with such propriety, that the people may attach themselves
: to
“ to tkem ; t h ^ must S’eeJ'that^fhe^gtiilty-are punished, that the innocent
« be not pferXecuted, ■ and>rfhat(ial!>persons; falsely afccuseckbe imriiediately
onreleasedy arid remunerated foi tb^®fferfngkthay »may haveiendurCd.” 1
The judicial dfld, exc'oif5ive; powers 'are generally exercised by-the same
■individual. lOifoj writtenclaW iofMhesislandV*! according to) W-Hichsjustice is
adr6iuf§tefed* a'nd'the' cdtfrtsrareiregul'atedj^fe^that;of1‘Vt^Koran,’' ^ modified
byf%tstOm and usage.-' TheOifevanS h a v enw ’‘hemAconverted toithe Mahometan
- reMgion about ithxge|centaries and 1 a half, dating fttfadherdestruo-
tion of "the H i r ^ kingdom» MyMajapahit,rm the (yead^kiQ09of »-the» Javan
sera. *d>f all the! n 3 ^ d ^ who; h^ve adopted, tljaiMcreedylthey-are amongrthe
miost'-recent fe'ohvertk?»' and it mayilie, safely, added,-fH'aftde^'othersvafe> so
little acquainted with'-its--dd'ctfines^iandvpahfcake^s'q ii'ttlm ofsftk*zfeal: and
dt£t&ler’ance. The -conseqhenceuis, that! although »the^Mahttodtan.'Mvfr he in
Softie instances followed, ■' 2nd i t be iconsMeredia.’ pointof: honour-to profess
an^Adherence' to it,T it-has nbtf entirely superseded thc'ancient superstitions
aftd local- efistomk of the Country. »
Tj^^hd*.courts^iafljustiCe -are of^Wo descriptions; df-^h^i ^Pangfcdlu
o#-'high priest1, and -those’.’of the Jdksa. In: thh*fqrrrfer- the Mahometan
law is -iadre-strictly followed ; in the »Tat ter jit is blended'iwith »the^Glstoftis
an®tusages‘ o f the ,country.'; The form'er take cognfeancesof capital - offences;
.OSsuits. ofj divorce,. iofr^cpntracts:, and • inheritance; they are-also, ,in some
respects, courts of appeal from th.e authority pfi .the» Jdksa. The latter take
cognisance of thefts, robberiefc) and all ltffirior’ offences ; i,£ks Officers are
;empToye.d un taking down depOsitjops, exa^nipg qyi^n^^infpecting^the
general police- oftlhe -.mfrujitry, and in some measure/.acting, as, public prose-
■jqutors': these Tlast functions» are implied' in ■ th e ' title; of*^thei'»OfficeV itself)
'jdksa meaning to guard or watch.*
’ At
* The following description of the office o£ a. Jalcsa, and .of^tjie qg^ificatmnB requisite
for-fulfilling hisimportagt fiuties, is taken from the Niti Traja,- a work already referred to... lV
yi? « A' jr^feo must, itfSEc^esj bir. irapMti^,"td.ei^iejiim to weigh all causes which
« befdre him" with the same exactness as merchandize' fe WeigMSkin'a scale, arid nicely, ba-
“ lance theCeqi^ibn.um, .nothing adding or ^aking^fiom either siclg.^, ..
Me must be above all bribery,VaAer by.wbrds ^j'lri&.ri^y, ;.and ri|yer. allow himself to be
<< induced wc'ommit an act of Injukttce'i for vre.iB &^Jahm »to comteiit an act of-this kind, the
“ conseijufilices'could not but be highly injurious to 'tne^cmjqtry.
* 15 He mustnot accept presents otany^pnd from the parties whose c^usercomes before him,
“■ not only because he carindt. expect to derive, advantage therefrom, but also because the
'< public will hold discourse concerning him highly injurious to his reputation-'
Administration
of justice.
Court and law
officers.
Their jurisdic- ti®&
I AU