Regalia.
Besides tlua deference inthe-poirture. o f the^hody,- a.:deference; .equally
striking and still-more defined^ is Jsb&wn in the -language used' tb s'sripfirior.
.Thp vernacular language bfil&b-countey ismeveb abowedvtbihe.1 used. on -such
.occasions, but jonly an arbitrary..language, <, distinguished byithe term.Msa,
•the, language, tor Msa Jcrdma, Abb 'polite language, or languagemf fhonour.
The common people are thus not permitted to use the same language as the
great,, or in other words, isre by thetpolitical institutions of the^country, in
great degree, deprived^ofithe.use 'o f their: mother - tonguet^This^skbject
will however be more, particularly.treated of in another chapter.. That a
set 'of .people who have received-some mental culture-wihmeGessarilyt'diseo-
ver it in. their language, and that a line of distinction' wilL be thus drawn
between the well informed-and the ignorant, is natural'; 'and of .the employment
of $!different.number of persens in the'verbs) and pronouns, according
as supremacy,, respect, of .familiarity is to be expressed, the modern European
languages afford abundant example; but' that i «met class! of, Words
Should be exacted from the'lower.orders as a homage to the powerful, and
another class- given in exchange, serving to -remind them of their inferiority,
is a. refinement in arbitrary power, -which it would be difficult .torparallel.
Having thus seen the nature and extent -of Abe general /deference paid to
a superior oh Java, the reader will be -prepared, in some degree, for the
still further humiliations which are expected .fcom^a subject on public OGca-
sions. No one approaches h is ’ Sovereign- orUimmediate -ehiefi uno*child
approaches his father, without (sitmbah, .that is obeisance) dosing- his hands
arid raising them to his forehead, in token.of respect. On public or festival
days* it is usual for the inferior Chiefs, not as in Europe, todciss the hand,
but to kiss die knee, the instep, or the*, sole of the foot, «according to, the
relative distance of rank' between- the .parties.
The royal seat is a large stool or bench of goldjor silver: with la?, velvet
cushion site S c a led dampar, and attends the> sovereign wherever he may go.
Among the -regalia' (upachara), which are always carried in procession
when the sovereign moves abroad, and *rfe' arranged' behind him' while
seated-on Ahe dampar, are the-folfowiflg • golden figures:—the b^sti-GV 'gafa,
that of--an elephant; thfe‘ Mrda yocdika or nandgan, that of*' a serpent* Ahe
jtydwen S&nting, that of- a bulf; the s&ngsam, that, -a£ & deer j and the
saming gating, that of-' a cock, fowl-; each -of a- size'- to be borne in the
hand. These, with the Mtuk arid chap&rt for- tobacco and sirr, • the palca-
chohan or golden spjtting-pot, and a variety of golden salvers, bowls, &c.
distinguished
distinguished by thèir rfespëctivê-rï'ames ‘applicable to theit different purposes,
havê:desCended 'W'pUWe^Sp',oX'hëïrdodffis-y-iri fhe'royal'family, and are'esteemed
%itb the highest degrëëtóf Verieration'." 11
.'•‘■When' ih^-sovereign mbves abroad, hé is5atferidédby nuöierous spèaf-men Procesi
(vifahosy; thfe0du^{of eight of whom 'is-tdatteM the‘figured .of the sacred
ëlêphant kted-buMp nekr’-’which arë-,also‘,'létl Ypb'£^orke$"rich]ycaparisoned.
The royallpa§uï$§$ -'or %tatë‘’üth'b'reiai - is^arr?e3^in(? frorit^'of thé pfocfession
on^^s^öcêasib.èsfbni%bit^ ^fëïalsb .invariably^cjffri'ecf'fofii1 trunks'oi boxes
(1^ 3fcóA),^ï:j^Sbbrne'ib'y~<£wö<‘ïÉnfen, ahd'^oWtairiing thef,clbthfek of 'thë’êove-
fëign'j^qaparispri for/Kis ’horses',1 his personalJ aMsflm jdementS1,’'provisions,
and in^shöit tpVeryfliih'g ’required'! for1 aö1 '-efeïablifehriïèbf: this ruffe is ob-
geSfo'd-'wherièvef'ïh'e’ fo^erhagri-'mhvbs'i'o'iit' of thè pÉlacfe. ' His mat' ^lante)^ is
lik'ëwifè Bbraë' in ' processïoil? tögèfhef with’ two -sacTdle bóïsbs"for_ his use
whfen.rie.cessary. • <
(•rrrphè cërèmóffi&/and staté''of theSnatïve Courts have lost much of their Pomp.
genuine chac#acïer;1JfrGm' the Admission b f European introduced by
tHë'IfoteK-after' the Jrist'Javan war. ' SalÜtésf ifb-régulatCdbifter the European
ördl^S and -fhC Jhvaris have availed thémsëlves^ofmahy o f tlie custom's
of%,urppeans, .t^ ërileÊ thé' feèirëirforiies -óf sfotéjmore'-striking.^ Thus both
the Sultan atc'Yuxriished' with'-large gilt 'camSgev’Merlhe
fashion pf'.thosp used by. the Lord Mayor pf London. -When.the-fórmér drinks
^ n è irilb-thfe^overnor/1 'the1 ’ rest': 'of - the company arë effiTefod^lnte* wine,
white .they alone drink red, and a flourish o f f rain pets' ‘ sounds1 aS ^ the' glass
J^ rofaGÜ'efe their lips. • ‘ ' . r
It .qiiy-be~ obsërvedy that few people are more attached Ho Estate and
sh’ow* than the 'Javans"; that, in general, tlië^/cfêênatióijs' p lo y e d 'a’nd (
theÏÏbrm^-obsèfVed M chaste, and'-af "the same; time'imposing,'^^calculated
Is, impfess-a'|strange?with a high*idfea^t&’^efr^iasfo,'thteif -’co/re^friesS’and
feflovfe of splendouf. The brnameritV'öf Sfote’y’óf régaïia, are wfell'-wrdugKt’m
gold /th e ' royal" shiePd is"richly JnlSid With -precióiijstHhCs,'iarid‘tlie^royal
Mts ^ ' firing itTa béiti'Vhifchf with ' its sheath'-j!l§ one^blaze^oF diamonds.
In prqeessions, when the Èurópean authority is^ïo ^fe’rfecwed^eac^j.side
of the -road, for mile's; -is^lined1 with 'spfear-tilcn iri; difiefyrif/Jffesses, 'and
ètéridirig in variods warlike attitiïdWistreamers flyirig/aftd the music of the
i^neMn étriking up on every sidbf TdyungsKox umbr|la? of i%#e^iers^
öf silk richly frin'géd and “ ornkrii ented?1 With 'gold, are placed at intervals,
i t i ï nothing is omitted which can add to the appearance of state and pomp.
Among