T h e en te rp ris e o f th e A rab s, Chinese, an d Bugis&s;, v e ry ; conspicuous.
T h e y a re ..in ;jg en e ra l, fa ir traders..; an d -Europeans: a cq u a in ted , w itb k th e ir
several c h a ra c te ^ lc a n ^ fly ^ q n j ^e i&en g ag emen -ts.flg p d 'command th e ir .con-
^tjiidenee.
9?Iy fry,a Character for goyAp,fitment,that.Jhey-.ctp ensure.aa
adequate supply of bands. These vessel navigate throughout'tbijwhote 'extent o£,the Asch'i-
pelag'o, *to MaTscda'arid Aphe'eSrfrtf-dtS*side,v and to t l i e ,M o J u o ^ m d ^ f ^ ^ i ^ a ^ m e
Othdr" They are manned"excluavely’ by 'J'aWs,''usually called'M^ays^fend^no' LnsSil&s
ocxur faf i the, crews, psJng-^ither jjpon the Arab orJCMhiyie^othmanderh tK^yfarej'iofedfiSiS^jj
trary,' found tc> bh faithful, hardworking, - and extremely docile.' How ifcjtwhen Malays are emr
i^ProPeans,‘) I iThe Javans are^QrjgmaJlv mot a seafaring people;
tb e y ^W - ^ e r s io n fpr distant voyages’* apd, strpngeaf-.ii^^^^ntots.-to fluit^&e
fand" ting l exp edition" in1 the smooth ^ e a s a fT K a r o ^ ^ c f f i pgfafoi' beyjfnd
WJvlehV'if t h ^ f e ^ p a ^ ’d ^m se lv e s’on board-aWm^V^ssel,*^^t^k#anesrp¥e%ki^i-ee-
mentr'npt-tq^feicarriedEuropean vessels in-want of'hands foflsntOretdistanfvByafes'to'iEfi^Otie,
Indijb ',^„Ciina;^have been ^compelledjtheijefore to resort,to "force or fraud,; as;, the means of
Dutch government » e m the.vhab|tr of. emn Wi n ir-nendte. A mwt.
amoiigretlig daVansby the term seZo^'as. kidnappere, ^ p ^ w j e d ? b ^ t « t ^
upon' tS e unwary ^peasant who'migKPbe :^ m n " ^ d i i ^ S im ] ^ d ® f in n .o ^ b m $ ^ ^ ^ m i e n
^me%r5ct ffifluen&e of government was Boir 'used,
to obtaih people £ 4 the crews of vessels. ^ this they»didfsoketimeS‘^n--the'sameliniinierJ-5thdugh
more>frequently^cp^denM^g tq, sea-as many as were.r&flffim^ffihiy'jm.i^
the neighbouring population. The native duefe vrere perhaps paid acffiamdiuad -money, on
what may.have been considered by the European commanders as notlnng^more'
The people who were seSedwere seldom of a seafaring cll&gf b'\rf!afm'&s£^^plyilufflM'en^ in
many instances perhaps opium-smokers, ’ or persons ©Btaineflrfrom the'lowest
less part'ofj- the. coinmuni|jr^ Onoe embarked, \theirjate was'Beaiedifor eveir,^ and due’yarefcwas
taken.that they!never landed again on Java,' asjlongias-tb&ir.'servicesia^'gailors.werqrecniired. 1
In this manner are obtained^at exteMiveJclasg :of sailorsf, drfomdnatedpM'alays», whoSare
found-on-board- almost-every“country 'ship in Indi^iinai'inhahittthe-seaiports.iin^^derable
numbpis, r particaiiatly/ Calcutta^ where; th’ey ihave 'aVdjstinc^^arterA^pS'^^^^Plieylare
taken from thdir home against their will,' and^m'violence ’ of^ll^heirTvrews '-and 'hahitsdwln
general, neither their language or customs are in the leasti.fupdeiitohd!r%^l^^new^naster,
for though most of the commanders'in-the eastern trade-may .speak|dm-iMalayan language,
and -fa c ^a&qusto me d -, to the Malayan character, they know nothing, of.-the'.tTavan» .-language,
and h&little.-of the manners-,;hab?4, and prejudices of. the Javan people. 7 '
- Thajt numerous rastanceshave occurred, in-which they 'have (appeared! the foremost in'm'fitiny
and in-, the- massaeretof.thfcir officers, will-not be denied;-but itfis wellJsnown,^tlja,t'm8ny instanced.
ofships being cut off by-the 'Malay cre.ws,t have been occasioned by the tyrannicalfepd
inhuman character, of the commanders; and however dreadful .the massacre, some^ex^cijs njay
be made on the score of provocation, for a people low,in thelscale.of moral restraint: and. intel-
1 ectual'improvement. In some cases"* theyilhave been made the instruments and dupes of the
villanyi-o¥’b'&ers,-aid have merely followed'in tie track'^f^ifudli^. i In general, so^litlil hare
seems to be devoted to the comforts of these people, and so much violence offered to th’eir
. habits,
fidènce.,» Many tbfffrheni,” particularly the BH^is,f^re possessed of very large
capiipliïtx.
t'ByJm^aus4öMtó^d@aBti-ng'itrade,'the product 'ö£'the;maritime and inland
districts1 ris bmnveyexl^toX Batavia}‘Semdbang,p.’and1'Surabaya, 'the principal
ports ofdconsumption and exportation!; < and ihJretdrn'thbs^'districts'rfec'èive’ '
'irpji,'l"?teelv9'and' other articles< of*'foreign produce and manufacture'- from
abroad..1 The; .westem»'T(MstMef^'hëin^ï)ut'''thinlyïih'hal3ited,''< db' not yield *
aisp’fficiebt)supplycfofrh the: consumptidn^ of/Batavia ; ' and 'ondthis-la'ccofint;-
^atWelliaSWliSi being-the principal' mart* of foreignsrcofentecle|fttheftrade'- df
theieastfern- districts is attracted to it, Sin a dbigh er i d egrè e Ah an fro any-'of 'the
o,%er. great towns - in - th'eiruowP immediate neighbouriroofefbut 'owing to
tjjetunhealthinéss5©/;vfche,climate, thé lossisohcasihiietfe by-'the paper-money
whi-ghtóhe native traders ;bff other islands fcould never understand; -and the
variöu^jve>xatóönsi and-’impositions to'-whicF th'è^^reS^ubjèctêdii'these latter
invariahly.''.pr-eferi the more''eastern ports' o£fS'emdrang::^ é ï'Surabaya,' or
fafrhër$G&fi,sik>\ in the.imtoédiate vicinity :of■ theMat-ter,7 which has always been.
the,principal estabHsb5ment;-and\resideiicèi;of '‘the Arabs.
•“ The. Buff is .import into Java,from the-other islands, Malayan-camphor,'In whatie *- ( | L b ' . , . t v-i ^ - .l-'‘ ' i K .. ^ .v it cpnsists* tortoiseshell,.^edible birds’-nests, ’ bees’-wax; ■_ cloths - called? ^^sUrongs,mof a
yery'strong texture,, their own manufacture,' and gold-dust,v which they lay
out'f in ithe^SpasehaseK<of^opium,- ifon, steelj Europe, chintzes ■ and ,broadcloth
and ■ Indian,'vpie.G^-goods,''(besides tobacco,' rice, - salt,'fand'.rother pro-
duefriojus end,manufactures of Java, »with which thfey return eastward, during
the favqrafeie imonsoqhy,
.q-7E'lle;' Arabs navigate; square-rigged' vessel's, from fifty Lto;7five hundred
tops burthen. The'Chinese also have many “brigs, besides their peculiar
description ofj yesspls j! called junks, as well 'as native-built. praAaw. T^liey
extend .theipyoyages^fo Sumatra,‘the“Straits of Malacca,- and eastward as
far 5 as, the ‘Moluccas and Timor, collecting birds3-nests, camphor, - bich
êehynar, apd, other articles, making' Java a grandid'ehóï»for-'dhe produce of
alli|t^e ^cpupfries to- whichBtheyrresort. 1 Throughout-the. whole of Java,
trade is usually‘conducted by .the, Chinese : many of-them are very rich,
g,nd,5their;ineans'vare increased byHheipfknowledge of business, their spirit
of enterpme, and their mutual confidence.
2 D 2 ’ If
habits, that a person•accüsfonféd tó'observe the course o f human.action,- and to calculate the
•fgifce of- excited passions, is almost surprized to find the instances o f mutiny and retaliation are
so few.