150 TENURE;OF BAND'S.
gerAted. representetiqiu- « The holders ef jMpitaftdft, in' B vm m Were
Very seldom., the occupants ;,.they igener&lly remained gbpj.it , court, and
“ on the approach o f, the pari harvest deputed agents to icollect their share
“ of the;crop. But what proportion, their, .share,„would bear to the whole
“ produce does-;not appear to-b.e/wejl defined :y it is py one stated at a fifth,
and by some (whic.h I suspect .to^be nearest: the truth.).at as much as the
‘‘.cultivator cpqld afford to.rpay> the agents Of the. proprietors, being.the
“ Judg€S the quantity.- The proprieStor&iofjthe pusakas have also a claim
“ to. the. senfices of tl^f cultivators,c a.certain number.pf .them are airways
1 in ^tendance j ^ t h e houses ©fotheir. chiefs, and pmjournies are employed
P i carrying.their,persons j g l M M p&salm used to.pay
“ >the same- Proportion .of, produce -to,-the Sultan .as the others did-to,the
.“ proprietors; hut the cultivators of .the: royal dominions laboured' under
greater disadvantages than the others. Every chief or favourite about
\'M court had authority to employ .them ip the most menial .-offices* 'and
“ -chiefs,possessing pksahaS, oftten .spared tkeifc own „people and employed
I--*! ^ 0others^ , The.Sultan always-had aright to ^fOrceithe culture of any
| ¥ ^ rw k « ? h he, thought; proper M dke#,;; and, in such case^ aLptice
V «as paid upon the produce,' which was generally very inadequate to the
essences.” .
“ I t may be yery „-desirable,, says Mr. Jourdan, in.hisjeport ©n thte completion
o f th e s„et$ero’en£of Bazunum, | that I should ihentioia adepreo/jthe
“ i oppressions from which it is the object-of the present, system to.relieve the
*' f ^ P l e: I cannot but consider the greatestof these; ■ the> extent[k>f the.p'er-
“ - sonal service 'deman ded, not only by .the Ttmuifg’gtmg-^xidhis % n% huh the
alfthe.petty chiefs; ;who had trains .©©followers 'that received
% ito-stipendiary aecqfmpeneee These added tcothe individuals:empfoyed inihe
icolfeg-planiattons, (to which they app^.petmliariy averted in beatite-ont
t-'Sh^PUe ib r thecontmgento » c u ttin g grass tor afidrattending t h e i /^ « ^
y sefcars,, post . carriage an d .letter carriers, may bp calculated'/to1 have
© employed one-fifth of .the m a n ip u la tio n , b f the working mem Another
I 8r; f of exaction was. l i e large Amwieldy establishment, d fjm m g
“ sekdrs, and police officers : the former were liberally paid, The latter had
P I regular emphimepts* Both these classes, however, quartered thfem-
in whatever .part ;0f .the.amdtry .them functions. demanded
fatheo: attendance. This was equally'the case with iany. Jof the Kegent’s
£% family or petty,.chidfs.wEo ,travelled for pleasure or. omiddty* Whatever
d was required1 for themselves afid their followers; was taken from the poor
inhabitants, who have now tfefen 'so-lerig accustomedOto*stich practices,
‘ft that tbeyefidyhf dare-'to- complain fo'r to rcmofistrafe. The Europtofi
** authority did not ’escape '-fhetoirit'^bf ’corruption. Monopolies,' unpaid
“ services, licences,- -forced.-dr0ift<'^dast/to x ie ted ^presents,' lwere but too
<lf common even in the beSt^ttfiiefs, Mid mtist haVe contributed to estrange
“ J^ejaffectiohs"§n‘d17 respefo of ^h^iratxvgs'Trbm ‘that ^powef which. should
*chaye-afforded them pBfigction.-Fi-tim this ©lift sfifctlMt willhe deduc'd,
'While the men o f rank^WefeplMhg ^paifigef'e'd luxury;' t&e:?poor
“■r'pro'vincials wire'-sufifering'penury and 'distress.^ •
-■The-lDutdh'ICompaiiy;■ aetnati^sdlely by the spirit o f ' a n d viewing
th'git' -JavAn ''sfoj'e'cts '‘With less '’regaird'' b ^fei^defaihh hhatr-a West-India
planter fofmeriy‘%iewed!dHe’ 'gahg %1pbh ’ffisfosfat®, because1 "the latte# had
pSfd' the- pnf'bha'seimbn’e^^f'nfiman p r 8p8r t y ^ lh e1' other had not,'
empteyeH1 all the pre-exi^tidg' machinery df -fldspbtisfn; 18 s^^ze^frbin the
people their htniost■ mitd^8T-coiitribution;AtKe last ‘Tfegs of theiP MBoirr, and
th®^aggravated the evils 'of arfcapricious and; semi-harliafous"gdveihrifeStjrBy
whrk-ihg it -with alt fhe-''pract'isedlinglnui'f^ of|loEri8ians.Ma<ild‘ alh^lie mono-
p&Ksiia|& feelffihness 'ctf* tradiersl^
herbfore.be -a'siibjiecfr:’df surprise, ^thart tftd’ arts of’ 'agficidffture, and
the i@pf'OTehidmt of'«OeStyf^ha-Ve made-fr6 g'reatdf adVfmcfes'dh Java ? Need
ife'>exeitei:'weM^,JJfcKat ff0e implcme'nts^lsf husbandry rJar^si'iilJ)le that "toe5
culfin^M/nAik’'uh^iilful and'anartififeial; that
Etifeip’eari convemhnCe’aM1 riht 'consulted» ^is’hSd1 f the' natural adVaMageS1
o#thel%8unt#y^retoeglectod1; that ^o htflfe1'enterprise5 is/cisp%yh®bl’' caphaf
employed; thatHhe-'p’easantfs Cottle fs mean, 'find5 that sMitfle wealth and/
kriewfe'dge 'are' among tide Agricultural' populatibrr *■''wBd^ ih ‘isf?c6lfs3fei'edit
that the 6ccupantIf6F land erijh^S^fio^kulit^i^ r'eapfri^-flle fruits’b f’'Ms to-;
dhstiy; Iwhe&'liis pt/S^Ssioh fe liablb -^rbe'talceh awfiy from him’every season;.
ol‘vfb buffet su'dhf’an enhanc%iK‘efit of fent-a's-wrll- drive1 him; 'frOrn^-it ;■ When*
suc%a small 'quantity' of 'landl' only is ^allowed him’ks-wilT yiil’d! him bare
subsistence; and Lhf "efy ‘ ear'' 6f- graini?ihat can be "Spafed* ‘from the supply of
hM imiapdiat'e wants is' extorted1 fi’om him iiS the^ sKapetof'tribute ; wh’fen Ms
personal?§e¥vices arCreqUilred5 Unpaid'Jfdrl’ in thef train 8f luxury or in-thh
culture o f articles 6£ mon6p6ly*;?’ahd.’' ^vhen; in' addition to all the^h'disCdu'-
ragemenfs/Sfi is'^subjfect to 8the£r heavy Jtmp8lfe&^hdrimpoIttic-'restraints-'?
No man will ex!ert Himself^ when acting fd'r anhther, with so mudH zeall AS
-when