Jurisdiction
different
óf. th e l&a
i In the great variety-pf-matter comprehended in the colonial statutes, no
subject seems to- have occupied mpre attention than .the lays Respecting
slavery*.; -These», as' already observed, appear: to baYQ been formed in general
upon principles ,f>fj humanity and - poi^dfi/^iQb'rfQriithe. IqoAdj^Q^..of. the
unfortunate bfeings'to whom they related» •
In. coWseOuenee :of a resolution, of the year 1760» thg Qoyjicil of India
ordered thdt the Customs -of. tlje Mahometans» in matters, of-inheritance and
sueoes®ons>^f|«fe#«Tf, §^8^ht^d|he-sanetipned and pjuhli^hed». '
in. 1 In civil matters, natives and Chinese in the districts jof^Batayja seem to
[j. have been governed-by the same laws as the European inhabitants. .
.-Crimes 'committed natives or Chinese'in the city of Batavia and its
environs, had, Fromthe firshsetdemient of the Dutc^on-the island,, always
befen tried by European 'judges* and ascending ,to European law. : .
. ijfe' Bantam the criminal, jurisdiction,-over th,e natives,. was- left, to the
Sultan, and that <®v,er the Chinese, resident there,. was exercy^ed.a^.at Batavia
according <to the* European-law-. '
• The' Writer« and Briangen Regencies sqem ; formerly, to have ^njqyed a
peculiarand fortunate state of tranquillity.... Almost entirely;removed from
every sfomu&miOatioo sand-, intercourse with Europeans, Chinese, apd other
foreign • settlers": found, in . the neighbourhood o f .- Ba.tEfcyia, »-engaged in
agriculture* and ruled by their own i native chiefs, these, distrigtsjseem to
% have, been in a high; degree,free from, crime; |but .whi^gyeKrenqr^ties: did
happen, the - ©Senders were sent down to-Batavia, and. &ied> according to
Esibpean law. -This to be observed^ however» that on the.first submission
of those'districts to the Company, their, efiiefs or regents reserved^ to_themselvesthe
jurisdictioh over the inhabitants of their,respecting dl.§triptg.; but
this stipulation appears to have been disregarded««! the latter .times of the
Dutch Company» and under the late administration of Marshal Daendals,
a Court,was established for these,districts, the pile pf whiPh;.was;.Jiuropean
law*
From Cheribon the.- Chinese were amenable, as. from . Bantam and
Batavia$ but the natives were subject to landraad (or local,court)* of
which the Resident was president, and the Sultans members j. and this court
was, partly at least, directed by a papdkam, or native code, compiled under
the sanction of the government.
In the Eastern Districts of the island, the Javans seen? always, in criminal
matters, to have enjoyed their own laws, founded on ancient custom
and
and the’ précêpts bFthb' 'Koran: ' Of;these'laws the• Council of Batavia
Caused abstracts' to,Jihe'-'printed, for -' ffiël güidah'c'e1 of the great:landraad
or high' '*c®ïïrt, &'t1 '8èmérhrig'p%ó^\üc&. Sll theT-Ja'v^is,'in the’European provinces,/
from Bosctri }td' Banywmangi werécamenablé. ■: -
^phderthé'nativê govetnfifent, the {primé ministér ^R&den Adipafi) is thd
head öfthé' police?' a# wMVS ofSver^:Öth%r ^flèpaftmerif of Authority ii 'The
higher/class of'Fumftiofaarifes’iir most jVequ’eStly'ft) henoilna ffl those parts of
the county rpost temotêTrbmftfte seat off^qV^nmentf'"where? ’‘as governors
oft provinces, they pélsléss* söme° extension o f ‘powers.11' The grePi ^nd ferS
til‘e provinces n'earJ-the; Capital,—on • thè other hand, ® e 'divided11 into small
appropriations,r,ófiffêhtt‘twó hundred tó-onè 'thousand cbdfh'ds^ Or families?
placed under the- admini stratióh ~ oft’ - division officers, ''whose' 'authority it
limited tó thé1 dtitifes.of i police;; ■**
Each vilfeigë'%'tfiossessedthï1a”iÖistifict organization-Within itself?-hkS
its |mïéf, its Kabayan or-'assistant, and if of any considerable size? its priest*.
Whose advice'- is- frequently had1-recourse^ to, and who generally decided
petty disptftës,‘-'especially Respecting ‘divorced’ anflftftratters of inheritaficëC-
The chief of the village is 'not fyltfrbufthis. share Or judicial authority, ahd
often Calces upon himselffto; punish by'fine anp. im^f^nïöênïl In each
villagethe inhabitants keep regular nightly-Zwatches and patrblfes;
■The manner in which;ftvèfeé1 littlè societies-havebfeen, recently" Formed in
thWdistiicts to11 the east of ' S u r a b a y a , European -authority'had
not-irifefferhdj-1-’arid Where the< inflirferice 'of ' ihe 'Mahometan gove'rhmeni
Wat- scarcely felt, will tend tdffiustra'te their riatute and constitution^ - ;
- The frèqüent wars? in whiéh thé' people had bëëh:reh^Èg§d’ With 'the
inhabitants of Bali and Madéra, as well as with the Dutch, had 'redlicéd
tfcésê'pröRificBs tö'^aP'state óf wfldèmess towards £he,tfiifl<®fr3#FJthe last
century. 'The ènc&uragément held' out’-to the people'óf'thef neighbouring
islarid"-óf 'j^ödwrö^brÓHght ■ over -Several advémürérs/ who were ‘alïówêdto
occupy the 'larid thejKfclëared-; -first rënt-free1,’ and-' afterwards at a' fixed 'as-
sës&infeM.'1 If* several ’persons 'came' together?hheffmOadhr 'was"invested
with th é authority of Bating*gi over the new^villige* which,“they fotmcdl
When individual^ associated‘‘to - construct a village,^ the chief was elected
bythemselvés, Subject to the approval of the landlord ; and they'possessed
the privilege^ *cbth.mön''iif^ll thê'^É^ifricts ëas^'df Surabaja, • of anhüally
electing their chief, or Beting*gi.
i Ü H The