ports, besides . tO.umerous other intermediate and less considerable ones, frequented
hèj€In£tive;vesséls..a.t..all' seasons of - the-Tyear»...Mahy voH these are
s h e l t e r e d , 'ferm..safe.. barbate?in . ah. w.eather,...as:.' Bantam, Bata'oia
Rembang,':&rêmk, anA Surabaya. Even where „the,.vesèélff die in an open
roadstead^-fbe^wintl is seldom §ufficiehfly. strong' to render.' the Anchorage
unsafe.^' Several of the rivers 'aTé' nivigahle. fQr. many: .milet-into -the interior
and most; of them. are ...capable of if efceiving .native vessels Into the heart of
the towri, .thTöugh which, .thèy géüefally r u n b u t .the'rivérs of Java, as
well ab thÖse^M'tlfek^eastón^coaSt ^ f Sumatra. 'And?c&err.w&téftf'»coUifcr of
fer 'the-ihost fparf Obstructed i f dheif èntrancê-iby-é^lilsivê
bars, which? preclude tfaeadrmssion mf' vessels- of dny very feohsiderable burthen.
8 Piers-have .been run: out in many.r places, forremedyithls -fficonve-
bieh.ce f but in Consequence Ofthe quantity’ of - söih annually carried down,
the' ;bai*s 'ör Ybanfes' arfe .continually -. increasing; and in .»some ‘places, as-at
Tégal, have nearly blocked'up the communication between the-i-riyers'-and
the sea."''
The produce and manufactures o f the country*- arte convoyed from- one
district to'another and.-to. these maritime capitals*.either :-by> W&ter Or land
carriage. /'The'principal.navigable rivers to.the-westwarö; iare thosè which
disembogüi»tthCtnselves—belaw.. Tdng,ranr.JCrd<wangY a,nd-Mdrarndyu, and
tbè^pfeducé brought down, by theih 'is :ul&£Üy?èOAV§^1dt® Batavia.
the'eastward,-'the" -great . river, wMhhris'^Ua^gable fr©i»-rSüra-Mrta,
Affords; -with - the* Kedirt, the; principal and: Ohly ï-outleW drom the native
pfóvlncês by.';water towards' the ittöttltöj’h eóast. -Dbwn the-forriler, -which
empties? itselfe-by ! several ‘mouths, 1 hear - * GVéSik? 'into • ■ thfé ■ great I harbour of
Surabaya} during ?th© rains;- large quantities :©f ihe:‘produce ' ©f thoh^fehest
provinces o f the interior are' conveyed; r--Tbe-boats %mploydd; -whichia¥ë:bf
considerable burthen, return With cargoes of salt; This- rivér-- rufls ’through
many valuable' teak-' FoC&ts, and Consequently affords- thé 'rUea'ns' ó f Ik asy
transport for the : tfmber; . an‘ advantage which is also-’ derived fróm-several
smaller rivefS'oti' thd northern coast, particülairly iftJthe ’neighbéürhööa of
the principal building yards? Y Facilities of thé samè'kihd aa-e .also’found at
most of the sea'poits, which are generally seated on rivers' passing ' through
forests in the-interior,.down which timber- -required-for house-buildingfelfd
the construction -of "small craft-is -floated with ease. An inland navigation
ii Carried on to a considerable extent, by means of smalLcanals, in iJDemdk
and
and -some - o f .the, neighbouring. districts,,:where it is common,. even during
t.b»..hp;r.yeftfe,.>at,- thêtdriegtiséason:;:of--the.yeaG.feiobserve:innumerable boats
with their; light- sails crassipgtatö ssf efwveiflat .-and higher cultivated country,
'•■•.T&tfcq~-ri<fc>flad; fertile
delta--0f .^wmtóyoi-.theswhole.-praduce/of itlieoddjabent country, is conveyed
by;Wftftirtmrriag^cgemerally rfl Kght raftsjdonstrueted. of', a few-stems of. the
plantain, treClnsil
■sJ&Oods notfbonveyed. by water carriage, ..are usually carried, on the backs of land
ox.en orilhorsesy,oridnotheIshnuiders oftimen, and women,, carts-, not being
generally-used,* vexeept in ithe western .disitricts, where the population is thin,
or,in: some,of the' more eastern 1 districts,7.^particularly .those: recently under
Chinese dbreotionw: . The caetvofs ;the: western, districts,,' termed. peddfc, * % Is of
clumsy construction/ ru-nning on- two largé.solid whedls, :from ;five-:-to six feet
in-diameterand from,one to two inchnabrpad,:. on areyolvpig axtej and drawn
by, two.'jbuffaloesj, > ?It is*. the-,oxdinary, icomvfeyance of goods to tint capital,
wi^d.-affa^oof about susllpiteflös : ' t - -
; qfew Countries, .cadjboasfe M either o f .a better-description; or of a
grlateraéistent, ( than some o f thOse-in^JaVa.. .Ajhigb post road, passable for
carriages at all seasOnsJQf.thetyear, .runs, fi.'orn.^?^er, on. the .western side
qf iBantaro, toowitkin iitwéqfey ïróiles: o f .Mnyuwangi, fee eastern extremity
of the.island, being a-distance of not less than eight hundred English.miles.
road, at intervals of.less than five miles, are regular post, stations
fcnd relays; ffajcarriage; homes») b A 'portion of.it towards..the .wést, which
proceededinto,?bbeihhterior. - and > paSsed Over, soine,.high-, and moantainous
traetei: wa s;fan^ t0<«ecasfen- grteat delay, and inconvenience to passengers,
and to impose • an.- oppressiveyjliity upon- those inhabitants, who, residing in
the-<néighhbnrhooTwei.'è:Qbliged.tQrlend ttö.Wé f)f theirK:attle^ nr.-the assts-
tarifee})of;their. pemonaKdabour, to -aid Carriage;in-caseending,the steeps*,
this partliofr the .'line- has ^therefore beep ,’abapdoned^ and .A new . ro^d has
recently been:cqnSteueted--along:the .few lands,:.froih: BatamaM C k M ^
by;twlidi.nöfixmlyhlh®vfin*a*&.iodfrai^ta^ia®e.^vói^ÊU'bat. a .distance of
fifty-milesiS«avedov Tlns.-jroute is-inow:‘SO,jlevelx-thaf a canal might easily-
be cut along its side, ' and; carried on,nearly through, all the maritime, districts
Of the eastwards ;by . whieh -Ahe ,convenience .of inland navigation
might be afforded them, for conveying the commodities continually required
V, fer>
See plate of Javan woman of the lower class.