■of Batavia. Thesfe two mountains are-seen from- theroads.-of Batavia^- 'ini,
from the appearance they exhibit, are usually termed by mariners thé ’Blue
Mountains.
I Trom the eastern part of. the Gedé, the volcanic series-separates into two
independent branches, one of which inclines to the south ;. the ottier proceeds
almost due east,; slightly verging to the north. The former hreahs-intd
anirregular tpansvg?xe range, which extends across the island, till it approaches
•the northern?branch, from whence the general series is continued in an
easterly direction as far as the mountain Smdôro, the western óf the two raoum
tains known hy-mariners as the Two Brothers.: The mountain S-tmbii^y br
JSinddri (the .second of The Brothers), is somewhat further to the south. *. ;■
At a short distance from the eastern fo.ot of the mountain Swnbing are
three large volcanos, in a direction almost north -and souths dividingîthe
l a r g e a r e , t h e mountains TJng'mmg, Merhâbw,
and MerópL : The .next volcano, in an eastern direction, is.tbàt of Joepâm,
which deviates more than any other from the regular series, and forms a
peculiar peninsular appendage..to the Mand. The series is themcontinued
in an easterly course from the Merâpi as far as the mountain. Telâgcè-
mining, which is in contact with the, Ocean at the eastern endi of the-island,'
.. The several .large mountains comprized in this series, and which are in
jjurnher thirty-eight, though different from each other fe ’ external figure,
agtOf in the gpneral attiibute of volcanos, having a broad base gradually
verging towards the sumnntinthe form of a qone>
They all rise from a plain but little elevated above the *le5{pl!.-.ef;:thet sea*
and each must, with very few, exceptions, be . considered" as ^separate
mountain, raised fhy; a cauSe independent - of that which produced, thè
others. Most, of,them- have hóen formed at a very- remote.period,!.and
ape, cqyered: by the vegetation of many .ages ; but the indications and remains
of their former irruptions are numerous and unequivocal. Th<* craters
of several are completely extinct ; those of * others eontain small, apertures,
which continually discharge sulphureous vapours or smoke.. Many
of them have had irruptions during latë years.*
: Besides
* To tiie above general observations, which are made on the authority of Dri Horsfield,.h
may not“be. uninteresting to subjoin a more particular account of two or three of .the volcanos
which havé been examined by that gentleman ; those of. Tânhiban-Prahu, Payandâyang, .gnd
Gunturt,'
Beside^^be.-mountaing o f fcheulafger series, ab&v§fdescribsd, -dhere .are' extensive;;
ranges^f.'.JnQuntajnsofian infedos elevation, .SQmefknes„cGiMiected
with
Gttottfr- are, therefore-,«extracted feom a paper puhljshgdifeSiUf • jHossfeijd iflri&e Batavian Trans-
.fUSajii.::!,-:)
I « Tankuba>>P»;A,ni£~*i3iis. Uneurtfain, (which its name frojn its. appearance at
“ Uehstaiice, r.eg^Ming%^^|%>,or-,hQat,turned;iupsi,de.df^),;,ferm§;ja,vast.tmneated;ccSiej
S‘ Its base extends, to a-ye*y great; distance, and. iti.'belcjngs.. to th e 1 largest jfiaovsrtainft.of the
st .island, forming s>tie -..efi.its most-.hTterestjng,.volcanos. f Altiicsugbiit has had no violent.erupts
tion for many ages* ,as-is .evident from the progress of vegetation,.and from the depth »f.blacfe
« mould wh;ch cctYjerah» sides,, hsehgtguor has condouedohja. st,ate -o6.nni»terrupted activity. ■ *
“ The crater is one of the largest, - perhaps -the,largest of the island. It has, in general, the
v shape-nf a fjinnobt but, its sides -are yeny irregular. T h e hjirfi,t.or margin, which h o u n d ait a t
y u jio khPl hag;.also different, degrees*of elevation, rising -and descending along .the.wh'ole'-
<f -course o f its circumference. , The ..perpendicular depth at-.the*de,) where I.descended(ob: the'
“ - south)ihjs .aft least,,two hundred and.-, fifty ;feet : inbhe whstrthe maj^ittrisesijconBiderably higher;
“-^Ehe,regular circumference ,of the.crater intimate-onojE&gli&b.aods&eajdy :an half. ..The1
((«goyrth sidc-pF-theinterior. crater,>near.4he top, is very!8teep..,l-I'ifei«djt;impossihrlejtb descend/
wiftoiitthc assistance of ropes. tied to the shrubs.at the margin. It consists here !of smalifrag-'
“jnents ofJLya-.^Atimit oher third,offers <1®%it!h.eco/nCS. more rohliqpeyftf inclining, ,and,the
“.lower part conti«tM)f large piles of rocks,,tiism^h-,^hicfcitiae de^Cgruliug streaipg of water
‘^^w&excavated jj.jwiijding channel. The east ijdg.d^c,g^jlg,,gra4uftIIy,?diou$tpne half offhe
“ depth, where it is terminated abruptly by a ,ReEpendipulw,®d(a<lfi-lurg§,.ruc^sr .which, con.
j‘_ tinu^-ttd the bottom^. Ah® UPrtij,sjdo-jg, m.or^^gEjduahy shelving .than the,othe»s^,and is
“ partly-coyejt^.,with, vegetation. ,Th^ west.ui.de .is one pergendicul^f (pila of; rocks, /fhe
-vmheleusipf the mountain consists.'.of. large. mas.sesvofbasaltes,-in!which.the volcanic opening
jyis situated; and the sides exhibit .piles and.strata p£ .this. stone in even, possible variety of
‘1 Configuration. _ Iz^ome^places^ ,th.e iS^ks^ave.the appearance of a .regular wall, which is
^^uffdenly^yerlified _hy large fragments su^pcffldgl apparently hy,,arspiall baseband threaten»
^ ang to' fall down every instant.* SometiipeS, they rise in anjObliwe manner, and appear to
“ have hepn disposed by ..arh But I shah .no.t attempt-a minute description-,of the .disposition
rocks and the strata which forip^the internal walls of the 3il6l8hrXll9iBWV~’.gP
“ accurate drawing,^vfQuld be tpfiious. and .scarcely , intelligible. The §uy^ce of the rocks
“ whicKjfee tiie interior of Jthe crater 'is.^completely„caIcin.ed, generally, of/.a, .white ^colour,
“ s emetimes - .inclinmg to grey orjrellow. ^Jn^many places, small fragments of lava adhere
toand coyer^jthe rophs , of basalt: jthesearerof.,differejit .sizes, and of .great variety of -form
* and colour; but the most are 4 calcined or_ burnt,, nr th.e surface ,li,bfe tithe^roc^ jthgmsehfes.-
“ The different sides of the internal crater are excavatei ip., many places, by,furrow§ made by
if the descending water, which penetrate. to a ponsiderable, .dep.th, and expose more- com-
“ pletely the. interior-basaltic composition. The bottom of the crater has a diameWr: of tbfe&
“ hundred yards, but is not completely regular; its form depends on the gtaduaj.isyietis^f-ef*
.Vj_the tides below, jits surface is, much, diversified.:, it is strewed, f like 'the sides, with immense*
** blocks of basalt, .tiie Interstices between which are excayate4>i.iB'. A -.siBjij^.manner, .by,the
streams of th'e descending water,
Near