• In all Ihà Malayan . states,‘i<t]a6;GhiTiese*rhaye madé'the greatest efforts to
get into their hands the farming of j$hé;jij>ort duties and this has generally
i© proved
«sovereign; buthy-sojdqing, although they.resigned their political rights,' they stillretained
« their ijml. and,., personal < liberty,. at least their right thereto., But what relation do the
Jf> Chinese bear to us, and what are the rights they can require from us ? As foreigners and
*> itinerant traders, this maybe easily 'dëSSéR',' but sis inhabitants and settlers â 'fürther inquiry
“ becomes necessary. r "TS poîifiçatiights» or to a share in the govèrmnenfcand’ revenues of the
“ -country, tKey-ihave not the lightest claim, and as inhabitants, they cannot even claim the
j^enjqymenty.of-the same civil or personal privileges as the Javans : in the first p]gce,yheeause
ÿ_thev are not. natives of the* country; secondly, -becaus^ they take.no'interest in the welfare
“ or’preservation, o ffle country ; thirdly, because'they pifiy endeàypür to 'derive 'their gain at
“ the expeifcë'o /ro o ^ im )p ^Ss 'âs? wéH'tb'tne-l Javans, *in:Srdëf *to-: return the
.profits Ü i^ ’m^^"ô^àt'heaht'tprsën'(î,'asinïuch of it as possible to theif fàdii.liéa there!; ^fourthly
“ because they have no regard whatever- to the welfare of our coufttry;MahdtV-ôûldjjl>eÆlhite
‘hindiferent^tothe English,fjoy any,other-nation,-drivingus, from Java. .Epri;|hese.y.ë||pgs, I
“■ conceive that the Chines e -have not the, same .right as me, Javans to the frcedomionpEmluge
h ofJciBpreiS." 'Die basis ofaufcïyîl communities is incohtrovertibly the sacrifice of a part of
«'the liberty,' right!,1 ancfevetf property■h'f^acK£mdpipuH%for,the'enjoyment and'security of
iÈâBPASSAIart'ÏBâ this )tl|ïliatHinir,t when fixed, forms the civil freedom and privileges of
“ such a'commtuiiiy., - Not. only are the .Chinese quite exempt fro^tlpsssacrifice, but they are
« also, -Bv the.corruption of the Batavian government, much fess^urthened^thaii alll^^^ther
« inhabitant,' eyen the Europeans, and are besides favoured
‘"^eipfusfveni^hlfitf gaming wealth. These are facts, which nô^iffis.who^acqijâïntéd MKh
“ Batavia' can or will contradicts ■’
jÿt« Were impartial justice to b e adhered to, the Chinese y quid, .bp looked», uHamsknd
“ tteated.only.as-foreigners, who.are sp&rèd,and admitted;, as long as it is not injurious.tWour
‘■‘ interest ami safety to settle in. our country and under' Our? protection, seeking. in .trade or
^ ‘agriculture their means of subsistence anqyemhjumeiffi;tand~to whom, on account- of,jtheir
“ numbers, it Is' allowed by "pur indulgence, asToHg:‘as they planet''themselves ‘ .wejllund
peacèâblÿy.to preserve and "practice their own maimers ^nd custom// àKhévpnfm^^dicular
«. places, to dwell' together ppder their qjsp^ûhjefjjr.r ^
•f( .All the, Chinese who come to. Java every year in. such .vast^iÆheîs^mMfcf.’.iunkg from
“ China or ip other vessels from neighbouring places, are the refuse effthen/nktion, and rnin-
rS®a|!y. Trbm a province, the natives of which ara-considered by their ‘own countrymen the
« worst of the whole .empire. Thesé people' come half naked and poor in the extreme : /hey
« add, therefore;. so many more tadhe popujation, which must be^siipported.by th&E.cS}j|ntry,
!Lto which however they contribute nothing.- It must be acknowledged,.they,'are,.p;a}®'iilarly
jj^nt.Çrst, very active, industrious, inventive! and frugal. At Batavia’they exercise- almost
, “ every useful artj "Trade, and handicraft, they cultivate arid produce the'hest vegetables, -wfey
« work the i spgar-mills, and appear therefore to be uncommonly useful and perhaps jndisp'en-
“ sable.
, 1 e The trgde in the interior, wholesale and retail ;_fhe trade to sea» to the-ppgqsite shores,
« and elsewhere in the Straits, is entirely in their hands, and is. almost wholly carried on by
lâl&ftejÉSR»
pB@ved th e ru in o f Pre/imade.1 I n ad d itio n to- th e se circum stan c e s it-should-
lie reQoliectèd', tliatijfehè C h in e se / from ’ th e irfpecuKar la n g u a g e an d manners,
form a k in d o f s e p a ra te s o c ie ty in eve ry;"plac e. w h e re th'ey settle , which
gives th em a g re a t ad v an tag e o v er .Jevery com p e tito r in a rra n g in g 1* mo-
, . .1 nopolies
« them. Iil all considerable places bn the cJfetj'US'well as in; the* interior of, Java, they,have
“jj^listinct'towns, called kampongs, whërè tbeyKvst?OTder%hefr own chiere? and foIIfow< their
“ djyn; cus topis .and manners. Finally, they- have exclusively, all ..the farms of itne government'
“ taxesharfd. revenues.-hoth in the [‘CqmpanyNrdl^tricts 'and in the dominionsiof the native,
‘‘princes,: by which means Jmgg^ ^ ^ mlete masters of ajldrade, internal and foreign; and
to ’make., monopolies in 'every^thihg’, "which they do agchrdmgremSÏlse' móst
“ ';d|i£ensive maarier.v^ha%]Hrth'ens<t|rey^vpTta**®ar are, on the,contrary, ver^trifling; in
“ feet, falmdst'ïp.’öthing r'esp^jlally bstba%set'tBey are exempt from all feudal and .personal ser-
“jMfJesj which are so oppressive to the Javans.
S i t e what, can, this’ impropriety and injMéce|ifèagcrjbed but to thggdyernment of*, Batavia?
“ The Chinese have obtained all These favours and^prmleges by making considerable present^,
“ and’, thus.^sacKficmgr theuntereats of The 'Company and '.the nation to,_th&,(^lnshn’ess _ an,d
‘f^Bwangè'.' f®nêieJarbifrary governors' ofiheEast'dndiès have.m'adéf thé*Chinese possessors of
“ Java;^for I undertake to ptove, that thëtwêatth'O^'théfChines&fOT that island';amountS; to,ten
times/as much as the property of all the Europeans .added together, and thdfjly ir(p.rq(jtSjf
“ jevery year bear S e sam e proportion.
With reference to their numbers and character, I am ofoj^nion that the foliowin'g respln^
^*^ns^^ ^ ^ m g tpeófflflight~he adopted: That the _ Chinese.' ^ih. Java should be allowe^ to
“Jfrefeildn, and even that further arrivals of them should hajphrififttedi -yeSre heina.-, taken, how-
“^eyérf, föj keep them in fgooSfejrdèrjTïthat they s|ïiui,<hj'|>.e prevented from^ipjuimg^the, Javans
“Jlitïlëivbj^m^^Qr fraud: that they be no.t’mbj'&fayoured than ’ofn^ ^ .jhat they shhuURMfr
^ fe h u te a proportio^ute'and equitable share towards the^revenues of the statefor their enjdy-
of tlie righfe'01 citizenship, in thésame mannmvas other inhabitants, whicn can best
“ Treeïïectgtl hyme^ns.of a 'Ckpitatioh tax. Uncultivated amlemhliabite'tl lands-might1 then be-
‘-4^P§Stetl .^^qïd:^to tlfefCEm^i&,5,,&,s well" as to 'the nafives,fStghstahhsh'jsu^ari.ndlfe| or.jglanta-
“ tidns. By these means, every practicable use and advantage)^uld. be,i.derive^ from them;.
“ as an,.industrious and active people, without doing ahy injury to the. othei'mhah.ilants, an’d(-
“ esgeially the Javans as natives’^fjtne’' cbühtry: anid- l ^ ^ ^ ^ they hay^Bd^iM^ëShwn our
^national .welfór’é, théy^shOTiIfre made, as at^qffiSle'Compensation, tb pay a higher rate
‘.'^to'tlïe state. In other respectsj" they“rdayjhe‘^dmpletely subjected'to bur laws, and may
■ dafoe. treated with kindness* to well as justice. . •
‘f 'TKe'riti'mber of Chihè^é'on Java is njflbh greater than is'generally,imagine?!, and annually,
^Jmoife ofj&em arrive by thou^a^s., 'By connexi.ops with the''native/wometettheh families'
“ mcrea^Mffièbnceivable numbers.1' These half;Chthese.retain the language, rehgion,' m^iVJ
t‘3n.ers, custömij and e!yen 'the dress 'ofi ,their1 fathe'fs ; and' are^gen'er-ally called pemakans,
‘t’felthougii-that,name is also frequently Applied extlusively.to those Chinesé who embrace the
ijËSCahoipetan religion ; and jtijes.e, as a Separate class of- people, have therr^ojvn ,diiefs, or
“^sometimes confound themselves with the Javans, and cao only be distinguished by their
“ -lighter complexion.”