able,, as are thofe alfo o f the weft and north-weft. T he eaft and
north-eaft winds are in general warm in fpring, becaufe thofe
winds, after crofting the White Sea, traverfe more than thirty
Swedifli miles o f land, covered with woods and morafles, warmed
by the influence o f the fun and o f vegetation. But in the autumn
the fame winds, after the marihes are frozen, are very cold.
The frofts o f the night during the fummer come on towards
the end o f Auguft, and fometimes even in July, as the froft in
1 7 g 5 , which was very fevere on the 25th o f July, and fpoiled
all the legumens and the more delicate culinary vegetables.
Notwithftanding the coldnefs o f the climate the animals thrive
very well, and vegetation is more rapid here than in any other
place. There are inftances o f grain having been fown and reaped
in the fpace o f fix weeks. T h e principal caufe o f this phenomenon
is the fine nights, or rather the continual prefence o f the
fun,
Mr. Julin, whofe name I ihall have occafion to mention in the
following pages, communicated, to me fome interefting obfer-
vations on the climate o f Uleaborg, which I think will not be
deemed unworthy o f a place at the end o f this chapter,
Some
Some general Signs o f Spring arid Summer at Uleaborg, according to
twenty-four years' Obfervation, by J. -Julin.
MAReH^. - - The melting ice and {now begin to trickle from the roofs of the
houfes.
A p r i l 1 . - - T h e fnow-buntingjemberiza nivalis, Lin.) appears.
A p r i l 25. - - The wild geefe and the birds of the lakes arrive.
The papilio urticæ (Lin,) makes its appearance.
The lark (alanda urveniis, Lin.) lings.
The fields are bare, i. e. free from fnow.
M a t 5. - - - The white wagtail (motacilla alba, Lin.) ihews itfelf.
The wheat ear, or white tail (motacilla oenanthe, Lin.)
May i 5 20. - The rivers opên, and the ice melted.
A beginning may be made of planting in the kitchen gardens.
Ma y 25. - r The martin (hirundo urbica, Ian.) comes. (
The cuckow (Cuculus canorus, Lin.) calls.
‘ The {jhihg coTn is out. ' : ? --
MAY30I - - M a r lh marigold (caltha paluftris, Lin.) flowers. ;
Trees, for inftance the birch, (betula alba) put forth their leaves.
June  . - - Summer’s warinth, of l i flegrees above 0.
; A u g u s t t o . a j Night frofts begin. '
A u g u s t 2of s - Harveft begins. Winter rye (fecalo) is fown.
S e p t e m b e r 25. The birch (betula alba) flieds its leaves.
N o v e m b e r 20. The ice bears ; the ground is covered with fnow.
:*■ GENERAL REMARKS.
1. T h e W i n t e r begins in October,.and lafls full {even months, or till,the end of
April. The S p r in g is Ihort, and' is over with the m o n th :of May. T h e S u m m e r
commences in June, and oenliiiues three months. A u t u m Î v take! its beginning
w ith September, and only extends t® the end of that, month. .
2. The greateft cold in winter is in January, and the greateft heat in fummer
commonly towards the end of July. :
3. The m id d l e t e m p e r a t u r e for the whole year, if we except the periods whenr
the feafons exert their particular influence, is about the freezing point of the thermometer,
or, irt other Words, ctaftant winter.
4. The night frofts. are fometimes pretty lharp,.efpecially from about the 10th Ktf
the 20th. of Auguft; July 2Jth, 1785, feveral things in thekitchen gardens were bit.
by. the froft, for example the potatoes (folbnum tubferofum) ahd the beans (phafetolus).
* 5 . However fhort the fummer may b t in this part o f the world!, thé graft and
coin neverthelefs' grow frifficieutly rip e.; There have beenl inftances that the! corn,
was fown and brought in' quite ripe in th e fpace of forty-two- days.