reus, Linn. In feveral places in the vicinity, efpecially. in the
pariihes of Paldamo and Sotkamo, there is iron-earth,. o r ochre.
T he peaiants, without any afliftance from others, make for
themfelves as much good iron and fteel as they have occafion for.
From Sotkamo Mr. Julin * brought, and has in his pofleffion, a
ftrong blood-ftone ore, with cryfta l; and this alfo is to be found
at Kemi. On the fea-ihores o f Kemi, near Paldamo and Kala-
joki, you meet with great quantities o f black fand impregnated
with iron. In ibrne places about Kemi, Sotkamo, Kuiamo, and
Paldamo, you will light upon a fpecies o f flate,- the fchiftus arde-
fia , Linn, arranged, I believe, by the late mineralogifts under the
genus o f ardejia tegularis. It is not, however, good for roofing.
The moft common fort confifts o f fand confolidated by clay, or
a mixture o f clay and quartz.
Befides the grey and. red granite, the moft common ftone here,
you will find a reddilh and clear quartz pebble ftone, flint ftone,
feltfpar, and rock cryftal, being the nit rum quartzofum aqueum',
Linn. Black ihorl, (fchoerlum ■{• nigrum) is to be ieen in a few
places near Sotkamo and Reovanjemi; in the neighbourhood o f the
town, below the quickfands, and on the margins o f lakes. Clay prevails
throughout the whole o f the pariihes o f Kemi, Paldamo, and
Sotkamo. You meet with faxum micaceum fiffle cinereum atomis
interJlinSiis quartzofs micaceifque, Linn, o f various colours, but
moftly of black-grey ; as alio the talcum ollare,. Linn. In Pudef-
* This gentleman will be again mentioned hereafter.
f See Retzic’ s Mineratogia, genus Schoerluni.
jervi
jervi and Sotkamo, at the village o f Riftiarfoi, and in the pariih
o f Paldamo, mill-ftones may be obtained, w hich confift o f a very
«rood fand-ftone. About a couple o f miles to the northward
of Uleaborg, is found on the highway the well known Rapa-
kivi, which, according to Kirwan, is an aggregate o f feltfpar and
mica; its colour is brown, or browniili red ; it moulders by ex-
pofure to the air ; but that is only when the mica exceeds. Mr.
Kirwan adds, when the feltfpar exceeds, it forms a durable ftone,
called in Italy granitone.*
T h e r e is no great chain o f mountains nearer to Uleaborg than
the land ridge to the north-eaft, and eaft fouth-eaft ; the ground
being for the moft part low, and covered with coppices, bogs,
and m o ra fle sw h ich give to the country around the town a dull
and heavy appearance. T he fituation being damp, and not fuffi-
ciently iheltered, the effects o f night frofts are always feverely felt.
T he land ridge is a vail: chain of mountains running eaftward,.
from the Hal defield in Tornea Lapmark to Peletowaddi in Kemi,
forming a boundary between Sweden and Norway, and between
the pariihes Enara and Soetankyla ; and after ftretching farther to
the fouth-eaft, it proceeds fouthward through Kemi to W n fe -
wana, by the church o f Kuufamo, to Sarwitaiflal, and hence extending
to Kojuretapal, it conftitutes the boundary between^ the
pariihes o f Paldamo, Sotkamo, and Ruilia.
* See Kirwan’s Elements of Mineralogy, vol. i. p. 345. By Linnwus it was- firft
called muriafaxi cx m id fpato que, and thus eharacterifed : Conjiat faxo aggregate
ex fpato Jlavo et m id dcliquefcente f i t die ver/us meridiem. And in the later
editions it was termed, faxum fatifcem, and defcribed » th is manner: fpatofwn
micaceumque falfum fatifcens. Places