one merchants, three hundred and twenty-eight families, eight
hundred and twenty-feven perfons paying taxes; and the whole
number o f inhabitants was one thoufand three hundred and fixty-
feven. T he town has a church built o f wood for the ufe o f its
own inhabitants, and the burying ground is on the outfide o f the
town.
T he harbour, on account o f a fand bank which blocks up its
entrance, is inacceffible to ihips heavy laden and drawing much
water, its depth being only from twelve to thirteen feet, fo that
large veffels are compelled to lie in the road while they load and
unload: it is to be hoped, however, that this inconvenience will
foon be remedied. The town has alfo a place for loading in the
parifh Kalajoki, with a dock, and carries .on a confiderable trade m
ihips built for exportation, in tanning, deals, butter, tallow, and
hops. It had in the year 1704 fourteen ihips (amounting altogether
to one thoufand five hundred and thirty-fix tons), of which
thirteen were for foreign trade; thefe exported about one thoufand
eight hundred barrels o f tar, one thoufand five hundred barrels
o f pitch, from three to four hundred dozens o f planks, two
thoufand pounds o f butter, two hundred and feventy-three hundred
weight o f tallow, nine-hundred barrels o f corn, &c. T he inland
cuiloms for the year 1781 produced about two thoufand one
hundred and twenty-five, and thofe o f the maritime department
two thoufand and twenty-feven rix dollars.
The inhabitants o f Gamla Carleby plant tobacco, and prepare
it for u fe ; they are engaged in other branches of mduftry ; they
raife.
raife potatoes, rye, and barley, and have about three hundred acres
o f arable land in cultivation. Not far from the town is a pnntied
cotton maunfailory ; alfo a houfe for boiling pitch, a ftore-houfe
for tar, a faw-mill near the mouth o f the river Kulajoki, &c. T he
magiftracy confifts o f a burgomafter and fix council-men. About
a mile from Carleby are fome fprings o f mineral water.
From Gamla Carleby we continued our journey on the ice, and
experienced a new fenfation peculiar to this mode o f travelling.
W e have before obferved, that the froft is here fo intenfe, as to
arreft the fea in its waving motion. T he fun becoming more
powerful with the advancement o f the feafon, melted confider-
ably the icc on the furface. The water thus produced during the
day, colledled in the cavities or furrows, and formed little pools
or rivulets, which we were under the neceffity o f traverfing in our
fledges; and as they were always a confiderable depth in the
middle, we faw ourfelves defcending we knew not where, and actually
thought we ihould fink to the bottom o f the ocean. T he
intrepidity, or rather indifference, with which the Finlander made
his way through thofe pools, encouraged us a little ; but the recollection
that we were upon the fea, and a confcioufnefs that the
water was entering our fledge, excited at firft frightful apprehen-
fioni, and a continued difagreeable feeling. ■
In nights o f fevere and intenfe cold, fuch as frequently occur at
that time o f the year, a cruft of ice is formed over thofe pools,
infomuch, that the water becomes inclofed between two plates o f
ic e : in this cafe the fledge, as it paffes over the upper cruft, which
V o l . I. K k 1S