maid with the herd and the product of the saeter returns to the
home farm.
The gross return of the live stock industry is generally estimated
at a value of about 140,000,000 kroner which, added to
the before-mentioned 70,000,000 kroner, being the yield of agriculture,
gives an aggregate gross income from Norwegian husbandry
of rather more than 200,000,000 kroner.
Ancient farm.
The erection of the building's on Norwegian farms is rela-
tively expensive on account of the severity of the winter. All
kinds of domestic animals must have good warm houses, and we
cannot, like farmers of more southern countries, stack our hay
and grain, or keep our root-crops out in the field during the winter.
We must have houses for everything. In former days it was
very common to build a multitude of small houses, each fitted
for its own special use, clustering round the court-yard; while of
late it has become the rule to limit the number of houses on a
common farm to four. The main building is the dwelling-house,
its size and the number of its rooms being generally regulated
by the needs of the farm, and the larger pr smaller requirements
of the owner. As a rule there is under the whole house a cellar
for storage of the root crops needed for the household, as well
as for other stores. The main building also contains a kitchen,
a pantry, one or more parlours and sleeping-rooms and guests’
rooms. I t is always built of logs, generally wainscoted on the
inside, and built in one or two stories, according to the size of
the farm and the custom of the district. Near thé main building,
but separated from it, there is, as a rule, another building containing
the laundry, room for the hired help, and also accommo-
Modern farm.
dation for the winter store of fuel. The out-building, properly
so-called, gives accommodation for the animals, of which each
kind has its separate cotnpartment, ■ and also for hay, grain,
threshing implements, etc. The manure is well housed either in the
cellar below, or sheds open at the sides' so that, in our wet climate,
it may not lose its strength from exposure to the weather.
In more modem out-buildings there is, as a rule, at a certain
distance from the floor, often quite up under the gable, a waggon
bridge running through the whole length of the building. The
hay as well as the unthreshed grain is driven in here and easily
removed from the waggons into the barn below, where it can
thus be well packed, and requires little space.. The out-building,
like the other edifices, is built of wood, except the walls of the
stable which are sometimes made of stone or brick. The so-called