A few municipalities, especially towns, also grant pensions to their
masters.
C. THE PRIMARY SCHOOL BUDGET.
The expenses of the primary school are paid by the municipalities,
the counties and the state. In the country, every municipality
receives a government grant towards the salaries of its teachers,
amounting to V.i (in exceptional cases Vs) of the salaries given
(allowance for keep included). The town municipalities receive a
grant of Vs of the amount of the salaries.
In each county, there is a county school fund, of which SU
are made up by government grants, and 1/i is voted out of the
county revenues. Various expenses are defrayed, by permission
of the County Council, out of the county school fund, viz. the
additional amounts for the raising of teachers’ salaries for long
service, donations towards the erection of school-buildings (with
or without master’s house), for providing teachers with land nr
compensation for the same, for educational apparatus, for aids to
poor municipalities where the school expenses, on account of local
circumstances, are disproportionately large, for substitutes in any
case of long illness, for continuation schools and artisans’ schools
(arbeidsskoler).
What is required over and above the government grants (in
the country, the government grants and the county school fund),
to meet the expenses of the primary school is furnished by each
municipality in accordance with a vote of the Council.
TO T A L EXPENSES OF PRIMARY EDUCATION :
Year
Rural
Districts
■ .
Towns Total
Kr. Kr. Kr.
1870 . , . . . . . 2,091,404 500,992 2,592,396
1880 ............................... 1,148,770 4,245,659
1890 . . . . . . . . 2,064,782 6,503,811
1895 . . . . • 3,121,955 8,105,259
THE EXPENSES WERE DEFRAYED:
Year By State,
By Municipalities in
, the Country
By Municipalities in
Towns
Kr. Kr. Kr.
1870 . . 145,832== 6.62 % 1,956,120=75.46% 490,444=18.92 %
1880 . . 884,980=20.84 % ’ 2,310,296=54.42 % 1,050,384=24.74 %
1890 . . 1,098,213=19.96 % 2,496,817 = 45.36-/o 1,908,781=34.68 %
1895 . . 2,124,260=26.21 % 3,410,462=42.08 % . 2,570,637=31.71 %
Expenses in connection with the training of teachers (in 1895,
257,227 kr.), pensions (in 1895, 390,077 kr.), inspection, etc., are
not included in the above table.
In 1895, the ^education of every child in the primary school
in the country, cost on an average 19.60 kr., and in the towns,
47.28 kr., the average for town and country being 24.50 kr. as
against respectively kr. 8.84, 21.10 and 10.03 in 1875. The cost
of primary education amounted in 1895 to kr. 4,50 per inhabitant.
II. FURTHER EDUCATION ON THE BASIS OF THE
PRIMARY SCHOOL. WORKING-MEN’S COLLEGES.
The primary school law allows the country municipalities to
establish, by means of public . contributions, Continuation Schools
(fortssett.elsesskoler) as an optional school for children that have
left the primary school, and for older children (14—18). The
of instruction may - be extended from 1 to 6 months. The primary
school teachers are in charge of the education. In these schools,
which are managed by the School Board, the aim- is to take up
and treat the educational material of the parish school (Norwegian,
arithmetic, history, natural science) with the object of opening the
pupils eyes to the claims that life makes upon every one in their
sphere of action. In 1896—1897, there were 172 such, schools
at work, with 2868 pupils. The schools lasted from 5 to 18 weeks,
and the number of classes per week for each school averaged 38,
and the expenses kr. 17.07 per pupil.
To meet the needs of the children that have left the primary
school for continued instruction, Night Schools (aftenskoler) are