kr. 5,097,228
3. Crown-land......................................................... » 951619
4. Judicial administration, police and prisons. . » 3,571,172
5. Churches and ecclesiastical matters . . . . » 1,033,804
6. Public instruction and objects of civilisation » 6,115,472
7. T r a d e s » 2,291,557
8. S anitation » 2,773,367
9. Public w o rk s............................................... » 21,553,386
10. D e f e n c e s .............................\ . . . . . . » 13,985,435
11. Foreign affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . » 822,712
12. Pensions . . . .» 667,757
13. Interest and reduction of national debt . . » 7,194,647
14. Sundry and casual expenses.................................... » 1,259,721
Total . . . . kr. 67,317,877
Under the heading of expenditure on public instruction, the
chief item is represented by the expenditure on the primary
schools. This expenditure in the year 1880—1881, amounted to
kr. 1,422,171, and in 1890—1891 to kr. 1,670,925. Since that time
the expenditure on this head has been gradually increasing,
owing to the new regulation for primary instruction, and in 1897
—1898 amounted to kr. 3,478,780, that is to say more than double
the amount seven years before. At the same time the expenses
of the schools for the blind, deaf and other abnormally developed
individuals have increased from kr. 58,806 in the year 1880-S1881
to kr. 488,479 in the year 1897—1898. For the schools for higher
instruction the increase is less remarkable, being from kr. 769,060
in the year 1880—1881, to kr. 875,860 in 1897—1898. Upon the
University in Kristiania, which is at the same time the highest
educational establishment in the country, and its chief scientific
institution, were expended in the year 1897—1898 kr. 828,375,
as against kr. 511,611 in 1880—1881. The total expenditure on
public instruction and, objects of civilisation amounts to about
14 % of the total expenditure, if we calculate the expenditure of
the state on a net basis.
The chief item in the expenditure of the Treasury is represented
by the public defences, for which - purpose, after deduction
of the revenue obtained under this heading, the following sums
have been employed :
Financial years Ordinary
kr.
Extraordin ary
kr.
Total
kr.
1880—-1890 on an average . . . .
1890—1896 » »
1896—1896 .........................................
1897—1898 . . . . . . . . . . . .
•
8,168,710
10,386,680
11,807,346
13,707,327
1,163,608
6,649,729
10,013,482
5,560,388
8,163,710
11,560,038
17,357,074
22,449,580
19,257,716
Of the ordinary expenditure 71% to 79% have been applied
to the land defences daring the different years, and 21 % to
29 % to the sea defences. Of the extraordinary expenditure,
the total amount whereof, from 1890—1898, was kr. 26,931,137,
kr. 14,740,617 have been applied to the land defences, and kr.
12,190,520 to the sea defences. The ordinary expenditure for purposes
of defence amounts to about 31*/2 % of the aggregate net
expenditure, and the average amount of the ordinary expenditure
falling to every individual of the population is kr. 6.42 and of all
ordinary and extraordinary expenditure together kr. 9.02.
Next to the public defences, the largest item of expenditure is
the interest on and reduction of the national debt. The national
debt, as already stated, amounted to kr. 7,250,000 at the end of
1847. Since that time it has been gradually increased by a
number of new loans, so that it amounted:
On Dec. 31st 1850 to
1 ' » ll' r I 860 »
i » » 1870 »
» » >■ 1875 »
» June 30th 1880 ■>>
» » » 1885 »
* 1890 »!
• » . ■ >> ; » 1895 » :
» » » " 1898 »
kr. 14,305,200
30.918.800
29.754.800
51,228,000
105,626,200
108,638,800
115,357,500
146,895,000
180,171,260
Of this amount, kr. 245,472 -— or, after deduction of some
bonds belonging to the state itself, and not yet cancelled, —
kr. 214,172 represent the rest of Norway’s before-mentioned
share in the Dano-Norwegian national debt. This debt is perpetual,
while the whole rest of the debt is reimbursable by instalments.