C H AP T E R VI.
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FROM THE DEATH OF SENNACHERIB, ABOUT 709 B.C., TO THE FALL OF
BABYLON, 538 or 536 B.C.
Hezekiah’s Treasures.—Babylon and Nineveh united.—Ecbatanataken.—March to Cilicia.
—Chinilidanus and the Scythian Invasion.—Cyaxares.—Nabopolasarand Nineveh.—
Saracus destroys himself.—Nabopolasar governs Nineveh.—Pharaoh Necho’s Fleets
and invasion of Babylonia, Carchemish, &c.—Nebuchadnezzar as the General of his
father invades Palestine and Egypt.—Ezekiel carried captive.—The Army returns by
two routes to Babylonia.—Nebuchadnezzar mediates between the Lydians and Medes.
—March to Jerusalem.—Plunder o f the Temple.—Nebuchadnezzar adorns Babylon.—
Rebellion of Zedekiah.—Jeremiah’s prophecy.—Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem,
and carries Captives to Babylon.—Judea laid waste.—Tyre besieged and taken.—Nebuchadnezzar
attacks Egypt and carries Spoils to the Temple of Belus.—Commerce,
Canals, and Works of Nebuchadnezzar.—Nebuchadnezzar’s Prophecy.—He loses his
reason.—He resumes the throne.—-His Death and Character.—Evil-Merodach succeeds
and is Assassinated.—Neriglessor succeeds.—His War with Cyrus.—An Embassy
comes from India to Babylon.—Depravity of the Babylonians.—Belshazzar ascends
the throne of Babylon.—His mother, Nitocris, prepares for a siege.—Advance of
Cyrus.—The river Gyndes drained by means of numerous Channels.—Babylon
beleagured.—The stratagem of diverting the River.—Assault of Babylon.—Babylonia
added to Assyria.
CHAP TEE VII.
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GLANCE AT THE HISTORY OF THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE UNDER DARIUS THE
MEDE, CYRUS, CAMBYSES, DARIUS HYSTASPES, XERXES, ARTAXERXES, AND
DARIUS NOTHUS, FROM 536 B.C. TO_ 404 B.C.
Cyrus the Great visits Persia.—His Accession and ForcesHDaniel’s authority.—Preparations
for Building the Temple at Jerusalem.—Cyrus’ Decree.—The Medes and
Persians become one Nation.—Cambyses succeeds.—Invasion of Egypt and Ethiopia—
His Death.—Smerdis usurps the T h ro n e iiH is Death.—Stratagem and Accession of
Darius Hystaspes.—Rebellion in Susiana and Babylonia.—Darius marches to quell the
latter,—Revolt and Capture of Babylon, according to Herodotus.—A Revolt in the
Upper Provinces recalls Darius.—His authority is established.—Organization of
the Empire.—Posts established.—Use of Firmans.—The Temple a t Jerusalem Rebuilt.
Voyage of Scylax— Invasions of Scythia and Greece.—Zerd-husht, or Zoroaster, and
the Religion of the Magi.—Invasion of Greece.—Battle of Marathon.—Fresh Armaments
of D a r i u s ,— His Death.—Character.—Xerxes’ Succession.—Invasion of Greece.
Contingents.—March.—Bridge over the Hellespont.—Thrace.—Thermopylae.—
Salamis. Retreat into Asia.—Battles of Pla te a and Mycale.—Death of Xerxes—
His Character.—Artaxerxes Longimanus, or Ahasuerus, succeeds.—Esther.—The
J e w s — Reception of Themistocles at the Court of Assyria— Double Victory o f the
Greeks on the Coast of Pamphylia— Peace between the Greeks and the Assyrians—
Xerxes Murdered.—Sogdianns and Darius Nothus,
C HAP T E R VI I I .
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THE REIGN OF ARTAXERXES, SON OF DARIUS NOTHUS \ INVASION OF CYRUS, AND
MARCH OF THE TEN THOUSAND GREEKS FROM BABYLONIA. FROM 404 TO
360 b.o.
Nature of Eastern Governments.—Cyrus appointed Satrap of Lesser Asia.—Origin of his
Rebellion.—His Government and Armaments— Cyrns advances through Asia Minor.
His March from Myriandrus to the Rivers Chalus, the Daradax, and Euphrates.
Advance from Thapsacus to the River Araxes and Towns of Corsote and Carmandie.
March from the Pilae towards Babylon.—Battle of Cunaxa, and Death of Cyrus.—
Commencement of the Retreat.—The Greeks reach the Median Wall, and cross the
River Tigris.—March to Opis, Larissa, Mespila, and Jebel J iid f—Advance through
Kurdistan to the Rivers Centrites and Teleboas— Passage of the Rivers Euphrates,
Phasis, and Harpasus.—Advance to Gymnias and Mount Theches.—March to Trebi-
zonde and Cerasunt— The Mossynosci, Chalybes, and Tibarenians.—City of Cotyora.
—Voyage to Harmene, and thence along the Coast of Paphlagonia to Heraclea.—
Separation and Defeat of the Greeks.—The Greeks reunite and Defeat the Troops of
Pharnabazus.—The Greeks join Seuthes, and take service under the Lacedaemonians.
Xenophon resigns the Command.—State of Greece and Asia at the close of the King’s
Reign.—Character and D eath o f Artaxerxes.
C H A P T E R IX.
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OUTLINE OF THE MARCHES AND CONQUESTS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO HIS
ENTRANCE INTO BABYLON.
Resources of Macedonia, and her Constitution.—Philip’s Accession and Wars.—Battle of
Chaeronea.—Assassination of the King and succession of Alexander.—Appointed
Leader of the Greek Confederacy— Civil and Military state of Macedonia.—Alexander’s
Campaigns on the Danube and against the Illyrians.—Preparations and Invasion
of Asia.—Situation of Persia under Darius Codomanus.—Government and weakness
of the Satrapies when invaded.—Alexander crosses the Hellespont, trusting to
success for his resources— Battle o f the Granicus.—Advance to Sardis and Ephesus
into Caria.—Winter there.—The Married Soldiers visit Greece.—Telmessus and other
cities of Lycia taken.—Alexander passes Mount Climax, and marches to Celeenae and
Gordium.—Asia Minor submits.—Cilicia, Campestris, and Rugged Cilicia invaded.—
Approach of Darius.—Battle of the Issus.—Visit to the Captives— Darius’ baggage,
&c., taken at Damascus.—Invasion of Phoenicia.—Capture of Tyre and Gaza.—Subjection
of Egypt.—Visit to the Oasis of Ammon.—Settlement of the Government pf
Egypt.—March to Thapsacus and through Mesopotamia— Passage of the Tigris.—
Preparations of Darius— Battle of Arbela;—March to Babylon and Restoration of the
celebrated Temple.
C H A P T E R X.
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CAMPAIGNS OF ALEXANDER IN SOUTHERN, NORTHERN, AND EASTERN PERSIA, ALSO
IN BACTRLANA, SOGDIANA, AND EASTWARD OF THE RIVER INDUS.
March to Susa, the Persian Gates, and Persepolis.—Advance to Ecbatana.—Treasure
found in those Cities.—Advance to the Caspian Gates.—Pursuit and D eath of Darius.