Miles. Miles.
Brought forward 9,581
Routes in JBactriana.
Beghram to I n d e r a b ................................................ 110
Inderab, or Drepsa, to Balkh, Bactra or Zariaspa 216
Zariaspa to Karshi, or Nautaka . . . . . 204
Nautaka to Maracanda, or Samarkand . 115
Samarkand to the River Jaxartes. . . . 166
March into the Fergana d is tr ic t............................ 140
Second campaign to Gaza, Cyropolis, and Eschata 250.
Eschata to Polytimetus River and Zariaspa . 450
Zariaspa to Maracanda and Nautaka 312
Nautaka to Kurghan-Tippa . . . . . . 245
Kurghan-Tippa to Merw-el-Rud . . . . 310
Merw-el-Rud to the Rock of Oxyartes . 380
The Rock of Oxyartes to Zariaspa . . . . 580
Zariaspa to Beghram . . .................................. 326
Total . . . . 3,804
Routes West and E a st o f the Indus.
Beghram to Kabul and Attock . . . . . 375
Attock to T a x i l a ....................................................... 45
Taxila to the H y d a s p e s ......................................... 55
The Hydaspes to the Hydraotes . . . . . 125
The Hydraotes to Sakala and the Hyphasis . 86
The Hyphasis, back to the Hydaspes 180
The Hydaspes to the confluence of the Akesines 250
The Akesines to the Malli, and back to theHydraotes 210
Descent of the Hydraotes and Indus . . . . 860
Total . . . . ---------------- 2,186
Routes in E r an.
From the Indus to Susa . 1,250
Susa to the Sea .................................. 219
The Sea'to O p i s .................................. 590
Opis to S u s a ......................................... 308
Susa to B ag h istan .................................. 280
Bäghistan to Hamadän . . . . 110
40 days’ campaign against the Cossaeans 360
Hamadan to Babylon ................................................ 340
Total . . . . 3,457
•• 19,028
CHAPTER XII.
THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER, FROM 323 B.C. TO 246 B.C.
State of the Empire at the time of Alexander’s Death.—Threatened Hostilities.:—
Arrangements for the Succession.—The various Governors retain
their situations.—Roxana puts Statira and her Sister to Death.-—Eumenes
enters C a p p a d o c ia .D e a th of Perdiceas.—-Defeat and Blockade of
Eumenes.—Invasion of Phoenicia, and March towards Babylonia.- -The
Army of Eumenes escapes from an Inundation, and enters Susiana.—
Eurydiceand Philip put to Death by Olympias.—Campaigns in Snsiana.—
March through the Cosssean Mountains.—Campaign in Media.—-Drawn
Battle, and Death of Eumenes.—Antigonus settles the minor Governments.—
Combinations against, and Preparations of Antigonus.—Antigonus
marches into Asia Minor.—Demetrius Defeated near Gaza.—The Naba-
theans, and Expeditions of Antigonus against Petra.—Roxana and her
son Alexander murdered by Cassander.—Barsine, Hercules, and Olympias
put to Death.—Antigonus and the other successors o f Alexander assume
regal titles.—Expeditions of Antigonus and Demetrius: they proceed
ao-ainst Egypt, and are repulsed.—Demetrius besieges Rhodes, and fails
in repeated Attacks.—Sieges of Portresses in ancient and modern times.—
Seleucus extends his Empire into India.—His Treaty with Sandrocottus,
and March into Asia Minor.—Forces assembled under Seleucus and
Antigonus near Ipsus.—Result of the Battle.—Subdivision of Alexander’s
Empire into four great Kingdoms.—Demetrius is taken, and dies in
CaptivityMDeath and Character of Seleucusfi-Aceession of Ptolemy
Philadelphus.—Prosperity of E gypt under this Monarch.
T h e voyage of Nearchus, and especially the preceding cam-a knowledge
paigns of Alexander, had made eastern Persia and the ad-riTed from
joining countries practically known to the Greeks; but the campaigns^
knowledge thus acquired of these regions would have speedily
passed away, had if not been preserved by the subsequent wars:
it was at the same time turned to account by the commercial
relations which in consequence sprang up. The protracted and the wars
contests for dominion which followed the untimely death ofsovs.
Alexander must, however, claim immediate notice, since they