Agesilaus continues
the
campaign.
The Greeks
invade, and
then abandon
Bithynia.
The Persians
are victorious
at sea.
The Persians
defeated near
Coronea.
Proposals of
the Lacedaemonians
to
Artaxerxes.
Greeks. Accordingly, Agesilaus proceeded northward, when
some towns voluntarily surrendered and others were taken by
assault. Being reinforced by 1,000 Paphlagonian horse and
2,000 targeteers, he plundered Bithynia and took its attractive
capital.1
At times, however, the Persian cavalry maintained its superiority,
and 700 Greeks were routed by 400 under Pharnabazus.
In return, the camp of the latter was surprised; * but
afterwards a personal conference led to a better understanding,
and believing that he had gained his object of detaching Pharna-
bazus from his allegiance, Agesilaus led his army out of
Bithynia.
Whilst Agesilaus, encouraged by his successes, was making
preparations for the dismemberment of the Persian empire, a
fresh combination of Athens, Bceotia, Corinth, Argos, &c.
against the Lacedaemonians, obliged the latter to recall their
forces. Pharnabazus seized this opportunity, and assisted by
a Phoenician fleet, he completely defeated that of the Lacedaemonians
near Cnidus. The misfortune was partially redeemed
almost immediately by the battle gained by Agesilaus over the
confederates in the vale of Coronea ;3 and this appears to have
been the last victory either won or shared by the Grecian troops
which had accompanied Cyrus.
The result of the battle of Cnidus, aided by a profuse liberality
on the part of the Persian satrap was fatal to the Lacedaemonians
; and the power of Athens being in a great degree
restored by the money and fleet of Pharnabazus, the Lacedaemonians
despatched Antalcidas to Susa, hoping, in conjunction
with Boeotia, Corinth, &c., to renew their allianee with Artaxerxes,
through Teribazus, the satrap of Lydia.
The terms proposed, namely, to acknowledge the king’s
sovereignty over the Greek cities in Asia, the islands, as well
as the Greek cities in Europe being at the same time independent
were acceptable to the satrap; but the latter portion being
opposed by one of the parties, the negotiation failed as regarded
peace. Teribazus, however, was so far gained, that forgetting
the late hostility of the Lacedaemonians to his sovereign, he
*. Xen., Hel., lib. IV ., cap. i. ! Ibid. 3 Ibid., cap. iii.
secretly furnished money to equip their fleet, and hostilities
were renewed by sea and land without any very decided result.
In this state of things, the Lacedaemonians despatched Antalcidas
once more, as ambassador to Teribazus, who had re
sumed his command in Lesser Asia. This satrap was not
only found to be favourable, but provided with the necessary
authority from Susa.
Teribazus immediately appointed a congress to be held, and
the ministers of the belligerent republics having in consequence,
assembled, he produced a rescript under the royal signet to the
following effect:—“ Artaxerxes, the king, holds it just, that all
cities on the continent of Asia should belong to his dominion;
also the islands of Clazomenae and Cyprus; and that all other
Grecian cities, small and great, should be independent; Lemnos,
Imbrus, and Scirus to remain, as before, under Athens.
to which was added, “ the king will join in war with those who
accepted, against those who refused these terms.
Although as an assemblage of disciplined military comim-
nities they were irresistible whilst united, that never-failing
source of discord, separate independence, made it far otherwise,
and all acceded to the rescript of the Persian king as a mediator,
that he might terminate the destructive quarrels, assassinations,
and massacres, existing among themselves.
Momentary tranquillity in Greece enabled the king to send B. C. 382.
300,000 men, under Teribazus and his son-m-law Orontas, to ^ « r x e s ^
Cyprus, where Evagoras, who had carried war into Phoenicia, int0 Cyprus,
taken Tyre, and formed an alliance with Acoris, the ruler of
Egypt,3 was in open rebellion. Unable to resist, Evagoras
■determined to become an obedient satrap; and by a timely
submission, he not only preserved the original government of
Balamis, but Cyprus was made a separate dependency of' the
empire, a feudal vassalage; or, as it is expressed in the treaty, continued in
“ it was made subject to Artaxerxes, as one king is to another :”4 w* p°stg
so that Evagoras was rewarded rather than punished.
1 Xen., Hel., lib. IV ., cap. viii.
a Mitford’s Greece, chap. X X V ., sec, vii., compared with Diod. Sic.,
lib. X IV ., cliap. xxvii.
3 Diod. Sic., lib, XV,, cap. v. | Ibid