Tigris, the, regained by the Greeks near the
pass of Chelek, 226
—■■■« the Greeks approach the springs of the
eastern, 227
, the, and Alexander’s fleet, 360
— the, and its connexion with the Eulseus,
361
, Alexander sails up the, to Opis, 361,
362
|-----, Antigonus crosses the, when advancing
against Eumenes, 384
— , the, passed by Xeusetas and Antiochus,
403
, Antiochus the Great crosses the, 403
, Trajan transports materials for a fleet
from Nisibis to the, 418
, the, crossed by Trajan, 418, 419
, Trajan transports his fleet from the
Euphrates to the, and his voyage to the
Red Sea by the, 420
, Sev eras’ fleet passes along the Nahr
Malka, from the Euphrates into the, 421
— , the army of Sapor II. crosses the, on
three bridges, 431
■---- , Julian’s fleet sail along the Nahr
Malka into the, 438
—- , Jovian’s army cross the, on rafts, &c.,
441
,. Ta'imur’s troops swim across the,
493
——, bridge built by Ta'imur over the, 495
■, Karun and Euphrates, navigation of
the rivers, 601 (and A p p e n d i x )
Til, an Armenian village near the junction
of the Centrites with the Tigris, 226
Tilsit, secret articles of the treaty of, 536,
537
Tiras, from whom came the Thracians, 44
Tirhakah, king of Ethiopia, leads an army
against Sennacherib, 142
Tissaphemes proceeds with Cyrus to Susa,
202
, Cyrus’ armaments avowedly against,
203
, the subjects of, transfer their allegiance
to Cyras, 204
informs Artaxerxes of the object of
Cyrus, 205
, the 10,000 Greeks engaged by the
Lacedaemonians against, 241
- assists the Greeks against Phamabazus,
244
— — combines with Phamabazus to expel
the Greeks from Asia, 244
, insincerity of, towards the Lacedaemonians,
245
~— defeated by Agesilaus on the river
Pactolus, 245
is superseded and beheaded by Artaxerxes,
245,250
Tithranates makes a separate truce with
the Lacedaemonians, 245
supplies Agesilaus with money against
Phamabazus, 245
Titiyah, one of the six estuaries of the
Indus, 372
, course, & c., of the, 372
Titus, siege and capture of Jerusalem by,
417
‘'succeeds his father Vespasian as emperor,
418
, the successors of, 418
Tobb&ï, Yemen became the seat of the, 52
(see Himyarites), state of Arabia under
the, 80
———, existence of the, in Arabia, and their
language still spoken at Mahrah, 81
written character of the, called Suri,
or Syrians, and inscriptions found in
Yemen, 81
, settlement of the, in Yemen, &c., 449
——-, conquests of the, &c., 449
, Christianity and the Mosaic law introduced
among the, 449
Tobit carried captive to Nineveh, 141
—— , the purveyor of Enemessar, 141
Togormah, the descendants of, 38, 41
Togormeans, or Hai'kanians, 41
Togrul Beï, or Muhammed, founder of the
Seljukian dynasty, 470
Tokât, British articles in demand at, ( A p p
e n d i x N . )
Toktamish Khan, founder of the dynasty of
the White Horde, 490
■----- , the conquests, and defeat by Taïmür
of, 490, 493
Toledo, archbishop of, and the translation
of the Korân, 557, 561
— - , the seat of Arabic literature, 560,
561
Tomb, the Little (island), and Nearchus’
fleet, 352
r o f Cyrus and its inscription ( A p p
e n d i x A.)
Tomerus the (Tonderan), reached by Nearchus’
fleet, 347
Tomyris, queen of the Massagetæ, 173
r r.;L', Cyrus the Great said to have been
slain when fighting against, 173
Toucoush, or Tatash, takes Jerusalem and
Antioch from the Christians, 473
Tour or Keturah, the descendants of, 70,
71 (see Keturah.)
Trade between China, Thibet, and India, 571
s through Persia from Central Asia, 571
in the time of the Argonauts, 573
Trrr^T with the Massagetæ, 573
-— along the Black and Caspian Seas, 582
of Constantinople with Central Asia,
586
of England commenced by Edgar, 586
of Venice and Genoa with the east, 587
, foreign, favourable to England, 588
of France with Barbary, 589
■— — to the Crimea and Danube from India,
590
of England at the accession of Queen
Elizabeth, 590
— — of BokMrâ, Khiva, &c., with Astra-
chan, 592
with Sigistân, Tartary, &c., 592
with India through Syria becomes very
advantageous, 593
with India by sea from England, 594
Trade of Britain in 1354 compared with
1845, 594
— of Russia with Central Asia, 595-597
(and A p p e n d i x N . )
with Babylon in the time of Queen
Elizabeth, 592, 593
——— of Syria, and its disadvantages, 596
• of the Kirghis Kazaks with Russia and
China, 596
of India with Arabia, &c., in 1831 and
1836, 598, 601
of the Persian Gulf, and its decline,
598, 599
Traesi, Nearchus’ fleet arrives at the country
of the, 349
Trajan, the wars of, against the Dacians,
Armenians, and Arabs, 418
advances against Parthia, and descends
the Euphrates, 418, 419
——, commencement of the Nahr Malkd,
by, 419,420
transports his vessels to the Tigris, and
captures Ctesiphon, 420
-, Assyria, Mesopotamia, and Arabia
declared Roman provinces by, 420
----- descends the Tigris to the Red Sea,
420
, expedition of, against the Hagarenes,
and siege of Atra, 421
dies in Cilicia, and is succeeded by
Adrian, 421^
the throne of, at Zaragardia, 436
Trankeys, or batillas, 645
Transoxiana, or Sogdiana, Alexander’s campaign
in, 312
*— subjected by Genghis Khan, 489
■v'r-'1', retained by Tai’miir’s descendants, 496
■ - -, silver mines and fruit of, 583
Trapezus plundered by the Borani Scythians,
424
Trebizond (see Tar&buzun), 235
Triballians, the, or Bulgarians, defeated by
Alexander, 258
Tripoli taken by the Crusaders, 475
taken from the Crusaders, 486
Troja forest and Troja-mala in Sweden, 512
Trojan war, period and cause of the, 119
Trojans, the, sons of the Argonauts, 119
~ —', people descended from the, 512
Trojenburg palace in Sweden, 512
Tropina, port of India, trade to, 576
Troy, an Armenian contingent employed at,
119
, an Assyrian contingent employed at,
134, 135
, Alexander’s sacrifices at, 263
Tuatha De Dandnn, the, settled in Ireland,
513
Tubal and the Tibarenians, 44
Tuchi, or Taoutchie (the Taok of the
Turks), 230 ( n o t e )
Tufukat, or code of laws of Taimiir, 496
Tunim, probably Telane, built by Nimriid, 39
Tunis, Louis IX. of France dies at, 485
Tunnels at Babylon, Samos, and in Greece,
614,615
Turahi, a people settled on the Don, 511
Tiiran, people of, the ancient Scythians, 510
Turkey, and war against Russia and England,
503
, and effects of the reforms of Mahmud
II., 503
, or Levant Company, charter to the,
590-593
Turkish political and commercial relations
with Europe, 501
empire in the time of Muhammed III.,
502
wars with the Russians, 502, 503
territory in Egypt and Syria invaded
by Napoleon, 503
-i-— territory ceded to Russia by Mah-
miid II., 504
Turkistdn conquered by the Arabs, 457
conquered by Taimiir, 492
Turks, expedition of the Arabs against the,
458
— — serving in the Muslim armies, 464
, the, become powerful in Arabia, 467
— or Tartars, origin of the, 468, 469
, campaign of the, under Mahmud
Ghizni, 469
or Tartar branch of the Huns, or Mongols,
487
and Mongols under Ta’imur, 491-495
, origin of the Osmanli branch of the,
497
-, the, under ’Osm£n, the first sultan, 498
, the, coin money, 498
, the, conquer European Turkey, 498
■----- , the, conquer Karamania, 498, 499
, wars of the, under Murad II., 499
, the, capture Constantinople, and use
gunpowder, 499, 500
-, the, under Bayazid, 500
, conquests of the, in the reigns of
Selim I. and Sule'im&n, 500
, expedition of the, to India, 500, 501-
, navy of the, in the reign of Suleiman
and Selim II., 500, 501
, the subdue Yemen, Cyprus, Georgia,
and Daghestan, 501
----- , the, under Selim II. and Murad III,
501
Tuthmosis, king of Egypt, 75
the shepherds quitted Egypt during
the reign of, 75
Tiiz taken by Genghis KMn, 489
Tyana, the supposed Dana, 209
submits to Aurelian, 427
, the Khaliph Hesham at, 458
Types, moveable, supposed to have been
used at Babylon, 628
Tyre, the kingdoms of Phoenicia dependent
upon, 93
—— , the situation, rise, and prosperity of,
93-95
■, or Tzur, and Settlement of the shepherds,
112
—— extends the Phoenician trade to Africa
and Europe, 128
——| Abii Ba’al, the first sovereign of, 129
, colonies sent from, 129,130