RatesVhnseif ^bis sa*:raP being unpopular, tbe lofty character and profuse
raiecte f generosity of Cyrus carried the day, and nearly the whole of
Tissaphernes. the cities ceased to acknowledge the orders of Tissaphernes,
giving homage and tribute willingly to the prince ; who had,
in consequence, almost the whole territory of Ionia at his
disposal.
He makes Cyrus is said to have told the people of Persia, that he was large promises r ,, , . , 1 1 . 7
to thePersians. better versed in philosophy, as well as m the tenets of the
Magi, than his brother; that he could drink more wine; and
that he possessed a greater and more royal heart than the
king: in the figurative language of his countrymen, he added,
that he would give horses to the foot soldiers, and chariots to
the horsemen; also, that he would bestow villages instead of
farms, and cities instead of villages; and that he would pay
by measure, instead of counting out the money.1
Revolts, Revolts similar to that of Cyrus still occasionally take place similar to that t ' . 1 J J r
of Cyras, in the East, where the satraps or páshás, except in respect of
the annual tribute which they pay, may be considered independent
of the sovereign at Constantinople. In 1831, the
pashas of Albania, Baghdád, and Egypt, from some dissatisfaction,
took arms against the sultán. The two first, though
very powerful, failed; but the iast, proceeding with more
caution, entered Syria, under the pretence of punishing the
pasha of Acre. The sultán, however, hoping the latter would
successfully resist, lost the opportunity of giving timely assist-
still take place ance ; and the fall of that fortress led to the temporary loss of
Syria and a part of Asia Minor.
The Ephon In return for the assistance formerly given to them by Cyrus
send their ,on against the Athenians, the Ephori of Lacedaemon sent their
fleet> fleet under Samius to join that of the prince,8 whose army
consisted of 70,000 Asiatics chiefly from Persia, and about
13,000 Greeks under Clearchus, and other influential chiefs ;
amongst these was Proxenus, a distinguished Theban, who
was accompanied by Xenophon,3 the celebrated historian, of
the campaign.
1 Plutarch, in Artaxerxes, vol. V I., p. 254, ed. Langhorne.
8 Xenoph., Hellen., lib. I I I . , cap. i. s. 1.
8 Anab., lib. I I I . , cap. i., s. 4, 7.
Leaving his relatives and friends in charge of the govern- and Cyrus
. T • o /-v commences nis ments of Lydia, Phrygia, Ionia, &c., Cyrus commenced the march from
march from Sardis in April, and displayed admirable judgment
in taking the more circuitous route along the great plains, and
through the principal cities of Asia Minor, in preference to
that by which Xerxes advanced through Cappadocia ; since it
gave him the support of his fleet, by which he could receive
supplies and reinforcements from time to time, besides having
a fair chance of concealing for a longer period his bold design.
Hoping to deceive his brother, Cyrus gave out that he was Ostensibly
going to punish the Pisidians, but his real object being no Pisidiaus.
longer doubtful, Tissaphernes, with an escort of 500 horsemen,
proceeded to Susa ; and on communicating the intelligence in
person, the king commenced his defensive preparations.1
The direction of Cyrus’ march appears to have been parallel
to the Cogamus,8 and having passed the Mseander on a bridge
of seven boats, probably above the junction of the Lycus, he
advanced to the well-peopled town of Colossas, the site of
which, near Chonos,3 is about seventy-seven geographical miles
from Sardis: and the thirty parasangs of Xenophon (taken at
2 - 6 miles each) give seventy-eight geographical miles.'
After a halt of seven days, during which the army was Being reinjoined
by 1,500 heavy-armed veterans and targeteers, under advancesto
Menon of Thessaly, Cyrus advanced twenty parasangs toCeten*-
Celaense, whose site, as well as that of the later city of
Apamea Cibotis, appears to have been near the present town of
Dineir,4 and about forty-eight geographical miles from Chonos,
or fifty-two geographical miles, if estimated at 2 ■ 6 miles the
parasang. At this city, which was no less magnificent than the
former, there was a palace of the king, and one of the prince,
both situated on the Mseander, with the much-prized Persian
luxury of an extensive park full of wild beasts :5 here, Cyrus
1 Anabasis, lib. I ., cap. ii. 2 See route on Index Map.
8 Afterwards Chron®, on the Lycus.—W. J . Hamilton’s Researches, &e.,
■vol. I., pp. 501-510; Rennell’s Illustrations of the March of the Ten
Thousand Greeks, p. 23, London, 1826.
4 Rennell, pp. 22 and 24, and W. J . Hamilton, vol. I ., pp. 497, 499, 505,
and vol. I I ., p. 366.
s Anabasis, lib. I.', cap. ii. '