Crusaders, the, make peace with the Muslims,
and place Baldwin on the throne,
484
—— fifth armament of, land at ’Akkâ and
advance to Nâbulus, 484
■ invade Egypt, 484
joined by the emperor Frederick II.,
and treaty with the Muslims, 484
-, discord between the Templars and
Hospitalliers, 485
, under Louis IX., land in Africa, 485
, under Prince Edward, enter Palestine,
486
are driven out of Palestine, 4861
Crusades, the, lead to the cultivation of
eastern literature, 555
Cruttenden, Lieutenant, Himyari inscriptions
brought to Europe by, 82, 83
Ctesias’ Median and Assyrian dynasties, 135
’ work on India, 341
V'- ■ ■■ .* intercourse with the East, 521
, Linus, and other sages connected
with the literature of the east, 539
Ctesiphon taken by Trajan, 420
, Trajan’s return to, 420
captured by the Romans under Severus,
421
, the Persians under Sapor defeated by
Odenatus near, 426
« first and second siege ofj by Odenatus,
426
, retreat of the Persians to, and Julian
from, 439
— -, Chosroes’ army quartered -at, 443
—, Chosroes II. flies to, and is murdered
at, 445, 446
Cufic language derived from the Shemitic,
84, 85
characters, 467
Cunaxa, the distance computed from Thap-
sacus to, 207
——, the country about, called Abu Jada,
208 ( n o t e )
—, distance of, from Cotyora, 237
Cuneatic letters probably of a later date than
the Himyari characters, 84
Cuneiform inscriptions near Lake Van, 116
Curia Muria islands, language spoken in, 51
Cush, land of, allotted to Adam, 2
one of the sons of Ham, born in Peræa,
18
, sons of, from whom places in Arabia
are named, 50
, Sabean followers of, were called Chaldeans,
53, 55
or Cutha, was king of the territory
called Kusdi Nirnrud or Sinaar, 19 >
-,---- , descendants of, migrated into Airfca,
Yemen, &c., 22
.----- and the plain of Dura occupied by
Nimrud, 24
-----} spread of his descendants eastward,
northward, and westward, 32-35
.----- the Chaldeans of, 34, 37, 55
, Asiatic, known to Job, 79
-----applied to the Arabian as well as to
the African territory, 134
Cusha-dwipa in Yemen, possession of Ham’s
posterity in Asia, 45
, extent of country called, 46
Cushan-Rishathaim subjects the :Hebrews,
106 Cushite dominions centre in Babylonia, 37,
55
Chaldeans or Chasdim, 55
dominion, extent of, time of Abraham
and later, 133, 134
-^-1, Assyrian, and Median dynasties, 134,
*135
Cushites, the reputed ancestors of the Huns,
32
, ancient knowledge introduced into
India, &c, 33, 34
names by which they were known, 37,
38
were the earliest Chasdim, 55
, the shepherd race which conquered
Egypt, 73
settled on the confines of Albara, and
lived in caves, 73
founded Axum and Meroe, 73
considered to be the Hyksos, 73-75
, territory of the, subject to the Himyarites,
81
the, and Shemites, by their intercourse,
gave rise to the Hebrews, 85
, the spread of the, prepared the way
for commerce, 92
Cuth, Kushasdan, or Kush, '32
Cyanece rocks, Darius Hystaspes at the, 181
Cyaxares, or Kei Axares, successor of
Astyages over Media, 162
, his general, Cyrus, slays Neriglissar,
and defeats the Babylonians, 163
-— -, fidelity of Cyrus to, 168
, visits Babylon, where he dies, 169
his empire divided into 120 provinces,
•169, 170
(the Second), son and successor of
Phraortes over Media, 151
recovers Media from the Assyrians,
152
, the Scythians invade and defeat, 152
Cybiosactes, the last of the Seleucidae, 407
, fate of, 407
succeeded by Tigranes the younger,
■ 407-
'Cycles of the ancients, 11
Cylinders, antiquity of, 628
of baked clay, 629
with inscriptions found in Babylon, 630
Cynic or Canicular year, also called the
Heliacal, and the feniautus, or the year, 11
Cyprian, St., his bones brought to Europe,
547
Cyprus, a Phoenician colony, 95
taken by the Greeks from the Persians,
197
-——, Artaxerxes sends an army to suppress
the rebellion in, 247
~|g||jf becomes a separate dependency of
Persia, 247
submits to Demetrius, 392
taken by the Arabs under Othmdn, 455
Cyprus invaded by the Arabs under I-I&run-
el-Rashid, 459
added to the Turkish dominions by
Selim II., 501
-— and Candia reached by British vessels,
590
Cyropolis, town, said to have been built by
Cyras the Great, 173
, now Khojend, taken by Alexander,
313
Cyrus the Great, son-in-law of Astyages,
king of Media, 162
, successful war of, against Neriglissar
and the Babylonians, 162,163
advances from Sardis against Babylon,
164
- — , Isaiah’s prophecy regarding, 164
( n o t e )
drains the river Gyndes, 164
—— blockades Babylon, 164, 165
, stratagem of, to divert the river
Euphrates, 166
——, assault and capture of Babylon by,
167
, fidelity of, to Cyaxares, 168
succeeds to the Medo-Persian empire,
170
- is induced to issue a decree for the rebuilding
the temple at Jerusalem, 170
— restores the spoils of the temple, and
prepares to rebuild it, 171
—— the Persians and Medes become one
people under, 172
explains the nature of fire worship, 171
——, various accounts of his death, 172
, his tomb on the plains of Murgh’-db,
172
——- is said to have built Cyropolis, 173
■—— succeeded by his second son Cambyses,
173
called the father of the empire, 176
, his decree to rebuild Jerusalem
searched for, 177
------------ supposed to have been stamped
upon barrel-shaped bricks, 177
——, the younger, appointed satrap of Lesser
Asia, 200, 202
, influence of, in Asia Minor, 202
is recalled by the king to Susa, 202
, rebellion of, against Artaxerxes, 203
deceives his brother, and excites the
western provinces to revolt, 203, 204
, large promises of, to the Persians, 204
, the Ephori of Lacedaemon send their
fleet to, 204
, route of, from Sardis to Chonos, 205
, reasons for the halt of, at Celscnse, 205,
206
, marches of, from Peltae to the plain
of Caystrus, 206
, Queen Epyaxa visits, 208
—— marches to Thrymbium and Tyriacum,
where he reviews the army before Epyaxa,
208, 209
, march of the army from Tyriacum
to Barathra, where Epyaxa leaves him, 209
, supposed object of her visit to, 209
Cyrus, the younger, sends Menar to turn the
pass of the Taurus, 209
crosses the Sai'hun and Jaihan, 210,211
carries the passes of Syria and Beil&n,
211
, his march to the Chalus and B&luk-su,
212
crosses the Kara-su, &c., and advances
to the Daradax, 213
destroys the palace of Belesis, 213
reaches the Euphrates at Thapsacus,
where the object of his expedition is made
known, 213
crosses the Euphrates and reaches the
Araxes, 213, 214
, his march through the Mesopotamian
desert to Corsote and the Pylee, 214
, his march from the Pylse towards Babylon,
215
, his review, and number of the two
armies, 215'
passes Artaxerxes’ intrenchments and
advances towards Babylon, 216
, his death, and loss of the battle of
Cunaxa, 217, 218
——, his achievements led to those of Alexander,
252
the Great, Alexander’s visit to the tomb
of, 358
—— -----, diverts the waters of the Euphrates
by means of a bund, 614
, inscription on the tomb of, ( A p p e n d i x
A . ) ■
Dabb (Dhahab) and Daradax, 213
Dacia invaded by the Sarmatians, 424, 425
Dagasira, Nearchus’ fleet arrive at, 350
Daghestan subdued by the Turks, 501
Dagon, the fish-god of the ancients, 15 ( n o t e )
Dahan Ibn, the physician, 550
Damagh&n, route through, 572
Damajula, passed by the 10,000 Greeks, 233
Damascus, Abraham reigned at, 64
said to have been founded by the eldest
son of Aram, 77
taken by Artychas, 139
captured by Parmenio, 276
taken by the Arabs under Abii Bekr,
454
becomes the centre of Arabic learning,
&c, 464
taken by the Seljukides, 470
successfully resists the Crusaders, 475
, Sal&h-ed-din dies at, 483
wrested from A1 Assaal, 484
taken by Taimur, 495
, commercial depot of the Ommaiyades,
580^
■, its port and trade, 594
, stuffs of, 631
Damask named from Damascus, 583
Damietta taken by the Crusaders, and again
restored, 484
taken by Louis IX. of France, 485
Damoulee valley, the 10,000 march along
the, 234
Dana, now Tyana, Cyrus’ march to it, 209