
 
		Diy&r  Bekr  opposes  Taimiir,  and  is  plundered, 
  492 
   , trade of,  589, 595 
   ,  proposed trade,  601  ( .A p p e n d i x   N . ) 
 Dizful, caves at, 607 
 Djani, or  Chaldeans  of Colchis,  afterwards  
 Chamitce, 35  
 Djenasdan, or China, 33  
 Djerash discovered by  Seetzen, 81  
 Dohak,  father  of  Seljuk,  establishes  the  
 Seljukian dynasty, 469  
 Domas, Nearchus reaches the island of, 346  
 Dorats, of the book  of Judith,  the  land  of  
 dates,  151 
 Doriscus, plain of, Xerxes numbers his army  
 on the, 193  
 Drangse, or  Zarangsei,  route  of Alexander  
 against the, 306  
 Drepano, Cape,  formerly  the Ampel®  promontory, 
  252  
 Drepsa, or Drapsaca, probably Inderab,  319 
   , Alexander marches from Zariaspa by, 
 318,319 
 Drill®,  excursions  made  by  the  10,000  
 Greeks against the, 235  
 Druids, the, probably Arkites,  15 
   , primeval  structures,  and  system  of 
 religion of the,  14, 15  
 ■  and Celts, 513 
 Drypetis, the daughter of Darius, murdered  
 by Roxana,  380  
 Duan,  probably  Sidodone,  a  station  of  
 Nearchus’ fleet, 352  
 Dub’hu, one of the six mouths of the Bagar  
 branch of the Indus, 372  
 Dues  heavily  exacted  in  Mosul,  595,  (and  
 A p p e n d i x   E . ) 
 Dujeil canal,  611 
 Dundi, a boat used on the Indus, 375  
 Dura, besieged by Molo, is relieved by An-  
 tiochus the Great, 403 
   , near Zaitha, and monument erected to 
 Gordian at, 424, 435 
   , Julian’s army reaches, 435 
   , the Romans under Jovian reach, 440 
   ceded by treaty to the Romans,  443 
 — ,  Chosroes  I.  defeated  by  Justinian  
 near, 444 
   , plains of, the remains there, 604, 631 
 Durus river (probably the Diyalah), Julian’s  
 army reaches, 439  
 Duties  on  goods  first  levied  in  England,  
 588  ■  ' 
   , Alexander  marches  to  quell a revolt 
 at, 323 
 Easterlings, the Moors  and  other Arabs  so  
 called, 456  
 Eastern governments, nature of,  201 
 ------------based on feudalism,  243 
 East Indies, trade with, by sea, 589 
   India Company,  established  for  trade 
 by sea,  591  
 -—-  India Company’s factories,  removal  of  
 the, 592 
 Ecbatana fortified by Phraortes, 146  
   ---- , description of the Median,  147 
 Ecbatana, or Shiz, represented  by the ruins  
 of Takhti  Soleimdn,  147 
   ,  the  summer  residence  of Cyrus  the 
 Great,  172 
   , and Cyrus’s decree for rebuilding  the 
 Temple of Jerusalem,  177 
   , Darius proceeds to, 295,  296 
   is taken by Alexander, 302 
   , Bessus put to death at, 315 
   , the  Median  Hamaddn,  visited  by 
 Alexander, 365 
   , Hephaestion dies at,  365 
 Eckhung-choo,  or  Singzing-kampa,  names  
 of the Indus, 369  
 Eclipses understood by the Chaldeans,  57 
   registered in Babylonia,  57 
 Eden, land of, and rivers,  2  
 Edessa, Valerian defeated and taken prisoner  
 at,  424 
   , Sapor retreats from, 426 
   , captured by the Persians under Chosroes  
 II., 445 
   taken by Ta'imur, 493 
 Edgar (king), first encourages trade in England, 
   586  
 Edom, dukes of, 76 
 Edomites,  &c., afterwards  named Saracens,  
 76 
 Edrisi’s work on geography,  534  
 Edward’s, Prince, campaign in Palestine, 486  
 Edward  III.  establishes  the  Merchants'  
 Company,  588  
 Egg or tanka boat of China,  648  
 Egypt,  Mizraim,  or  iEgyptus,  the  first  to  
 settle in, 45 
 Osiris led a colony from Ethiopia into, 
 47 
   -,  the  earliest  seat  of  civilization  in 
 Africa, 47 
 | p i | t  architecture introduced  from  Assyria  
 into, 48 
   architecture carried into Greece, from, 
 48 
   , arithmetic, &c.,  imparted to, by Abraham, 
  64 
   ,  social  and  religious  state  of,  in 
 Joseph’s time,  71, 72 
   , caravan trade of, 72, 92, 569 
   , government of, when Jacob settled  in 
 the country,  72 
   ,  its  early  civilization  and  knowledge 
 derived from the first people,  72 
   , the shepherd race in,  72, 73 
   , expulsion  of  the  shepherds  from,  74, 
 75 
   , departure of the shepherds and Israelites  
 from,  75 
   ,  receives  successive  colonies  from 
 Arabia and Syria, 87, 88  
 —■  ■, commerce of,  maintained  principally 
 by land, 88  
 -   ■■  •, architecture, sculpture, &c., of,  88 
   , dyeing and manufactures of, 88, 89 
 and three different written characters,  
 in use, ( n o t e , )  88  
 —— ,  warlike  implements  and  household  
 utensils of,  89 
 Egypt, pictorial history of  the pyramids in,  
 88,89 
 ,  her  early  intercourse  with  Arabia,  
 90, 91 
   advanced  rapidly  after  the  expulsion 
 of the shepherds, 96 
   , state of the  Israelites in, 97 
   , departure of the Israelites from, 97 
   under  Sesostris,  107 
   a  united  kingdom  under  the  Diospolitan  
 kings,  108, 109 
   , intercourse between Colchis and,  109 
   , Armenia, a dependency of,  109,  110 
   ,  subdivision of, by Sesostris, into thirty 
 inferior kingdoms, 110 
   ,  religion  and  philosophy  carried  into 
 Greece from,  112,  113 
   , the Cadmonites in Bceotia, probably a 
 colony from,  112, 113 
   , Judea  invaded  by  Shishak,  king  of, 
 132   , Sennacherib’s  threatened  invasion of, 
 142,  143 
   , Psammeticus  promotes the  commerce 
 of,  153 
   , Pharaoh Necho’s reign over, 153,154, 
 155 
   ,  invaded  and  spoiled  by  Nebuchadnezzar, 
   159 
   , Cambyses  invades  and  subdues,  173, 
 174   rebels previous to Darius’s death, 188 
   ■ recovered by Xerxes,  191 
   , Achæmenes governor of, 191 
   revolts under Inarus, 200 
   again reduced by Megabyzus, 200 
     revolts  during  the  reign  of  Darius 
 Nothus,  and is again subdued, 200 
   rebels towards the close of Artaxerxes’ 
 reign,  249 
   , Alexander marches to Pelusium in,283 
   ,  Alexander  consolidates  the  government  
 of, 284 
   , sages from the west sought instruction 
 in, -310,  515-517 
   ,  Ptolemy,  after  Alexander’s  death, 
 retains the government of, 380, 381 
   , Ptolemy repulses Antigonus’  invasion 
 of, 393 
   , Ptolemy  II.  extends  the  commercial 
 relations of, 399, 400  
   , Ptolemy Euergetes  encourages  learning  
 in,  402 
   , Tigranes’ campaign in, 406 
   ,  subjected  by  Zenobia  queen of Palmyra, 
  427 
   subdued by Chosroes II., 445 
   invaded by Al Mámún, 460 
     retaken from the Crusaders, 476 
   , termination of the Fatimite dynasty in, 
 476 
   invaded by the Crusaders, 484 
   , sultán of, defeated by Taïmûr, 495 
   invaded by Napoleon,  503 
   anciently supposed  to  have  been  connected  
 with Scythia,  511  
   , Grecian mythology derived from, 516 
 Egypt,  doctrines  of,  similar to  the  Hindu,  
 527 
   -,  astronomy  reduced  to  a  system  in, 
 529 
   study of mechanics, geometry, botany, 
 and medicine in, 530, 531  
   ,  Napoleon’s  plans  for  the  improvement  
 of, 535,  536  
 ———, Denon’s great work on,  536 
   , well situated for trade,  569 
 ——, its early trade with Asia, Arabia, and  
 Africa, 569 
   , trade through, to India, 588 
 Egyptian knowledge less advanced than that  
 of Babylonia,  65  
 ——■ architecture carried to Greece, 72 
   astronomy, state of,  110 
     army  under  Tirhakah,  sent  to  assist 
 the Jews against the Assyrians, 1*12  
   account  of  the  destruction  of Sennacherib’s  
 army, 143 
   race, from Shinar,  506 
   and Indian monuments denote a common  
 origin,  506,  509  ■ ----  knowledge derived from Asia,  515 
   method of imparting instruction, 529 
   commerce in the reigns of Sesostris and 
 Psammeticus,  569 
   trade with distant countries,  573 
   ,  fleets  in  the  Red  Sea  and  Mediterranean, 
   579  
 Egyptians,  early trade of the, 579  
 ——,  encourage  trade  with  Palestine  and  
 other countries, 579  
 Elanetic gulf,  the, and settlement of the sons  
 of Keturah on it,  70  
 Elam, territory of, possessed by the descendants  
 of, 31 
 Elburz,  one  of  the  names  of  the  Paropa-  
 misus,  308  
 El Buttauf, port of the Crusaders,  479  
 Elephant, and war of the, 450  
 Elephanta,  Ellora,  and  Ajunta,  caves  of,  
 probably of Assyrian origin, 612  
 Elephants sent to Charlemagne, 459  
 Elibus  is  defeated, and  carried captive into  
 Assyria, 141  
 Elihu connected with Job’s history, and probably  
 of the family of Buz, 79  
 Elizabeth,  Queen, keeps  a  fleet  of boats  at  
 Bir,  593 
   grants  a  charter  to  the  Levant Company, 
   590-593 
   establishes consuls in the east,  591 
 El  Wathel  establishes  a  cartel  with  the  
 Christians  for an  exchange of  prisoners,  
 466 
   succeeded by Mutawakkel,  466 
 Embroidered stuffs  of the  Arabs,  trade  in,  
 583 
 Emessa (Horns), Zenobia’s forces defeated by  
 Aurelian at,  427 
 ■ ■  visited by  Julian,  433  
 Emessa taken by Ta'imur, 495  
 Emim-Zuzim, &c., 21 
 Emims expelled  by the  Moabites  from  the  
 river Arnom, 69