801 GEISSLER TUBE SUPPORTS (1064) 1862
Signed: DUCRETET & LEJEUNE PARIS
Base diameter 119; length of bar 500; overall height 242
Both supports have an iron base, painted to resemble bronze, bearing a
brass pillar with a horizontal mahogany bar, on which black lacquered
brass clips slide to hold Geissler tubes by sprung contacts. On the
underside of the wooden bars are white numbers: [1] 9553.26; |f|]
9551.26. Intended for use with tubes 799, 800. According to an invoice
from Funckler & Richards, December 1863, these stands had been
modified at a cost of Dfl. 5.80. Photographed holding tube 1063/2.
802 MINER'S LAMP “ (911) 1863
Case 295 x 145 x 285; lamp length 253, diameter 45
An electric miner's safety lamp contained for carrying in a leather case
with a chemical battery and induction coil. The Geissler tube is in a
sealed glass cylinder, and is energized by the battery and coil. This is an
interesting application for the Geissler discharge tube, which avoids any
naked flame. Purchased through W.M. Logeman, Haarlem, for Dfl.
75.00, the invoice dated February 1864.
The lamp was announced by A Dumas and Dr Benoit in
"Note sur un appareil propre à éclairer les ouvriers mineurs dans leurs
travaux souterrains au moyen de la lumière d'induction"; see Dumas &
Benoit (1862). A prize of one thousand francs was awarded to the two
inventors in 1864 {Comptes Rendus, 60 (1865)î 273). A popular
description is in Guillemin (1877), 690-693, figs 446, 447.
CROOKES' RADIOMETER (303) before 1882
Base diameter 69; overall height 268
Oak base painted black supports a double glass Crookes' radiometer, oi
light mill'. The paddle frame is made of aluminium and the paddles oi
mica, one side blackened with lampblack. When placed in light the
paddles rotate. In the double version, the paddles are arranged to rotate
in opposite senses. Ganot (1883), 386-388, § 445, fig. 367.
The name cathode ray was first used by Eugen Goldstein
(1850-1930), though the phenomenon was first discovered by Julius
Pliicker (1801-1868), who worked with Geissler. The investigation into
cathode rays was continued by Sir William Crookes (1832-1919), who
had produced his light mill' in 1.875. The so-called Crookes' tubes are
intended to show how the stream of cathode rays is deflected by a magnet.
Another physicist who worked on these devices was Johann Puluj:.
He devised an electric radiometer that showed the mechanical effects
produced by cathode rays, that they will rotate the vanes of a radiometer,
and he published in 1877. Crookes (1880): "Sur la matière
radiante".
804 CROOKES’ TUBES (691) 1883
Types identified from Kohl [1905], 765-767. Also depicted in Miiller-Uri
i f 909), 242-261.
Height measurements include bases where present. Bases are
made of soft wood, painted black, with a lead ring insert.
juK. Puluj tube, with 4 paddles; vanes moved by off-centre cathode ray
stream; height 190; diameter 66.
2. Kohl type 12; height 230; diameter lower bulb 52.
3. Kohl type 9; Maltese cross; height 1|.0, length 190.
i | _ Kohl type 9; Maltese cross; height 155, length 240.
5. Kohl type 9; Maltese cross; height 150, length 225.
6. Similar, no target; height 185, length 260.
7. Kohl type 8; straigth lines; height 340.
8. Kohl type 19; height 310.
9.~ Kohl type 11; paddle wheel; length 280.
10. Kohl type 11; paddle wheel; length less thin tube 280.
11. Kohl type 7B; flat target; height 235, bulb diameter 103.
12. Kohl type 7A; curved target; height 290, bulb diameter 106.
13. Kohl type 4; phosphoric effect; contains sulphate; height
100, length 140.
14. Kohl type 7B; but less curved than 11; height 235 diameter 101.
15. Kohl type 1; height 83 length 260.
16. Not identified; length 275, bulb diameter 70.
17. De la Rive’s apparatus for showing the rotation of an electric current
round)# magnet, in this case a permanent magnet. See
Müllèr-Pouillet (1890), 888-890. Kohl 11905],.765, No. 27907);
height 170, bulb diameter 55.
18. Convex electrodes; length 130, diameter 69.
19. Green glass, fluorescent; length 120, diameter 64.
20. Kohl type 6; V-tube; length each arm 290, diameter 25.