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CvMBiFORM, boat-shaped.
CYJMBOPÔGON, Sp7'cngel. From Jcymbe, a boat,
and pogoii, a beard ; the valves of the calyx
are boat-shaped. Liniu 23, Or. 1, Nat. Or.
Graminàceoe. A species of grass, remarkable
for its fragrance ; loam and peat suits it, in
^vllicll it merely requires to be sown. Synonyim:
1, Andropbgon BclioenâKthiis.
ScliBeiiiinthus 1 . Apetal 6, S. Grass. 2 E. Indies . 1786
CrME, a mode of inflorescence resembling a
liatteiied panicle, as that of the Elder,
CYMIN6SMA, Goertner. Kyininon, cumin seed,
and osme, suiell ; the fruit smells like cumin
seed. Linn, 8, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Xanthoxylàcem.
Curious evergreen shrubs. They flourish in a
mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings root
freely iu sand, under a glass. Synonymes : 1,
Gela oblong ifblia ; 2, Jamholifera odoràta ; 3,
J, pedunculàta,
oblongifôlia 1 White 7. G. Ev. S. 6 N. S. W. . . 1824
odoràta 2 . . Green 6, G. Ev. S. 6 China . . . 1818
pedunciilàta 3 Greeu 6, S. Ev. S. 6 E. Indies . . 1800
CYMiNUM. See Ciimimtm Cyminum.
OYMOSE, flowering in cymes.
CYNANCHUM, Linn. From kuon^ a dog, and
agclie, to strangle; alluding to its poisonous
qualities. Linn, 5, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Asclepiadàceoe.
Most of the species of this genus are
})er€nuial twiners, requiring the heat of the
stove, or greenhouse ; they may be grown in a
good loamy soil, and will readily increase by
cuttings. The hardy kinds thrive in anybor-,
der soil. In Egypt, tlie leaves of O, Xrghel
are used for adulterating senna. Synonymes :
1, oleifolia ; 2, AscUpias dahùrica ; 3, A.
villèsa; 4, A. mncetoxieum. See Asclepias,
Bàimia, Gonôlohtcs^ and Sarcosiémma.
acùtum . . White 7, H. Her. P. 3 Spain . 1596
A'rghel 1 . . Gsh.w. 6, G. Ev. S. Egypt . 1831
capénse . . White 7, G. Ev. Tw. 6 C. G. H. 1820
cirrhôsum . White 7, H. De. Tw. 3 . 1825
Green 7, G. Ev. Tw. 6 C. G. H. 1816
White 7, H. De. Tw. 10 Barbary 1816
Pur. . 7, S. Ev. Tw. 8 "
Yel. . 7, H. Her. P. 8
White 7, S. Ev. Tw. 8
Brown 7, H. Her. P.
White 7, S. Ev. Tw.
White 7, S. Ev. Tw.
Yel. . 6, H. Her. P.
White 6, H. Her. P.
PWuhri. te. 87,, HH.. DHee.r . PT.w .
crassifòlium
excéisum .
fimbriàtum
flavéscens.
fdetidum .
fuscàtum .
Heyniànum
liirsùtum .
lùteum
mèdium .
melánthos
monspeliàcum
. .
mucronàtum Green 7, S. Ev. Tw.
3
6
5
2
3
Cumana 1826
Japan . 1840
Mexico 1820
. 1817
E. Ind. 1825
Trinidad 1825
Europe 1596
. 1817
. 1818
3 S. Eur. 1596
nigrum
oleifòlium
pauciflòrum
pilòsum .
ròse um 2 .
sibíricum .
undàtum .
villòsum 3
Vincetóxicum
4
viridiflòrum
Trinidad 1804
White 7, H. Her. P. S. Eui\ 1596
White 7, G. Ev. Tw. 3
Green 6, S. Ev. Tw. 10 Tranqu. 1820
White 7, G. Ev. Tw. 4 C. G. H. 1726
Pur. . 7, H. De. Tw.
Green 7, H. Her. P.
Green 7, S, Ev. Tw.
White 7, H. De. Tw.
White 7, H. Her. P.
Gm. 11, S. Ev. Tw.
3
Davuria 1818
1
Siberia, 1775
6
W. Ind. 1803
2^
2 Europe 1596
5 E. Ind. 1814
. 1821
CYNAPIUM or DOG POISON. See ^thusa Cynapiitm.
CYNARA, Vaillant, From kuon^ a dog ; in reference
to the spines of the involucrnm. Linn.
19, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Asieracece. This genns
produces the artichoke, so much grown for
culinary j)urposes. They all delight in a good
ricli soil, and may be increased by seeds. The
Arabians consider the root of C, seólymics an
aperient ; the gum of it is called hunkirgeed,
and placed by them among their emetics. Synonyme:
1, Stohàa glomemta. See Rhapônticum,
cardúnculus . Blue 8, H. Her. P. 5 Candia
férox . Blue 7, H. Her, P. 5 Italy
glomeràta 1 . Blue 8, F. Her. P. 6 C. G. H.
1658
1820
1824
hórrida . . Pur. 8, G. Her. P. 5 Madeira 1768
integrifólia . Blue 7, H. Her. P. 4 Spain . . .
pygm^a . . Pur. 7, H. Her. P. 1 Spain . . . 1820
Scólymus . . Pur. 8, H. Her. P. 8 S. Europe . 1548
SÍ)inosíssima Blue 7, H. Her. P. 4 Sicily . , . 1826
humilis,
CYNOCRAMBE. See Tliel-^gomim Cynocrdmhe.
C^NODON, Richard, Derived from huon, a dog,
and odoits^ a tooth. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Ñat. Or.
Gramindcece. Grasses, succeeding in any common
soil, in which they merely require sowing.
In India, a cooling drink is prepared from the
roots of O. Ddetylon, Synonymes: 1, O, Ddotylon
indiciis; 2, Pdnicum Ddetylon.
indicus 1 . . Apetal . 7, H. Cr. A. f E. Indies.
Ddctylon2, linearis, précox^ stelláticSjVirgdfMs.
CYNOGLÓSSUM, Linn. From kuon, a dog, and
glossa^ a tongue ; the leaves resemble a dog's
tongue, whence the common name of the
genus, Hound's Tongue. Linn. 5, Or. 1, ISTat,
Or. Boraginaeece, The species are pretty border
plants, succeeding in any common soil,
and readily multiplied by division. Syitonymes
: 1, (7. virginicum; 2, liirsutum ; 3, Anclmsa
landta. See Omphulbdes^ and Rindera,
amplexi- ^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ Amer. 1812
càule 1
anchusoìdes
apennìnum
australe .
bicolor . .
cables ti num
canéscens 2
ohehifòlium
3 .
Blue . 5, H. Her. P. 2 Cashmere 1840
Ked . 5, H. B. 4 Italy . . 1731
Pa. red 6, G. Her. P. 2 N. Holl. . 1820
W.pur. 7, H.
W.blue 8, H.
Blue . 7, H.
Blue . 6, H.
cland«stinum Brown 7, H.
coMmnse . . Blue . 7, H.
diffusum . . White 7, H.
divaric^tum . Purple 6, H.
I)iosc(5ridis . Purple 7, H,
elong^tum . Flesh . 7, H.
glomeratum . . 6, H.
glochidiatum Blue . 6, G.
B. 2 Germany 1820
B. 2 India . . 18B7
A. 2 E. Indies 1819
B. Levant . 1596
B. 2 Spain . . 1821
B. 2 Apenninesl825
A. 2 India . . 1820
B. 2 Siberia . 1837
B. 2 France . 1820
B. 3 . 1819
B. 2 N. Amer. 1812
B. 2 India
randiflòrum Bluew. 6, H. Her. P. 3 India
1837
183-
Haénkii . . Bl.pur. 7, H.
Hàynil . . . Blue . 7, H.
hirsiitum . . Blue . 7, H.
holosericeum Violet 7, H.
lanceolàtum . W.blue 7, H.
B. 2 Bohemia 1819
B. 1
A. 1 C. G. H. 1806
B. 2 Siberia . 1821
A. 1 Africa . 1806
laterifl6rum . Purple 6, H. B. 1 Europe ,vl83S
longifi6rum . Pr. red 6, H. Her. P. 3 India . . 1839
magell(^nse . Pui-ple 6, H. Her. P. 1 Naples . 1823
officinale . . Pr. red 6, H. B. 2 Brit., rubbish,
pictum . . Lt.blueS, H. B. 2 Madeira . 1658
sylv^ticum . Blue . 6, H. B. 3 Brit., sha. pi.
toment6sum. Violet 5, H. Her. P. 2 Italy . . ]823
umbellatum . Purple 6, H. B. 2 Hungary 1817
virginicum . Bl. w. 7, H. Her. P, N. Amer. 1812
CYNOMiiTRA, Li7m. From kiionj a dog, and
metra, the matrix ; referring to the form of
the pods. Li7tn. 10, Or. 1, S"at, Or. Fahdcece,
Stove trees, growing from twenty to thirty feet
high, thriving well in a mixture of loam and
sandy peat, and ripened cuttings will root in
sand, under a glass.
cauliflora . . Red . 4, S. Ev. T. 25 E. Indies . 1804
poly^ndra . . Red . 4, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Indies . 1822
CYNOMORIUMS or BALANOPIIORACEÍE are plants
of a very singular character, their substance
and habits being those of parasitic fungi,
but bearing flowers similar to plants of liigher
orders ; all are tro2)ical, and not yet introduced.
CYNÓRCHIS, Thouars. From kuon, a dog, and
orchis, Dog-orchis. Linn. 20, Or. 1, Kat. Or.
Orchiddeew. This species is one of the representatives
in tropical countries of the terrestrial
Orchises of Europe. It has a smell
resembling that of Órchis mdscula. It succeeds
best in sandy loam, in a moist part of
the house, and is increased by dividing the
roots.
fastigiata . . Red grn. 8, S. Ter. J Is. of France 1835
CYNÓSBATI or DOG-BR^UIBLE. See Rihes Cynóshatí,
CYNOSÚRUS, Beauvois. From kuon, a dog, and
oicra, a tail ; from its resemblance to a dog s
tail,, wdience the name dog's-tail grass. Linn,
3, Or. 2, Nat. Or, Gramindcece, C. crisidius
is esteemed one of the best fodder grasses in
Europe ; it will succeed in any soil. Sy^iomjme
: 1, Lamdrekia aurea. See Beckmdnnia,
Chrysnrus, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Rhabdtchloa,
and Sesleria,
cristatus . . Apetal . 8, H. Grass. 2 Brit, meads,
cynosnróldes 1 Apetal . 7, H. Grass. 2
CYNTHIA, D. Don, A title of Diana. Linn.
19, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Asterdcece, Synonymes:
Eyóseris amplexicaulis, Troximuni virginicum^
Cynthia virginica.
amplexicaulis Gold. yl. 7, H. Her. P. | N. Amer. 1799
CYPARÍSSIAS. See EuphorUa Cyparissias.
CYPÉLLA, Herbert. From kypellon, a goblet;
in reference to the shape of the flowers. Linn.
16, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Iridaeem. The species of
this genus are rendered ornamental by their
beautiful flowers ; they delight in sandy peat,
and may be multiplied by offsets. Synonyme:
1, Moréa Herbérti, Tigridia Ilerbértí. See
Pkalocállis.
Drummóndi Pur. yel. 6, G.Bu. P. 1 San. Felipe 1834
Herbérti 1 . Vermil. . 7, G.Bu. P. 1 B. Ayres . 1823
plúmbea . . Blue . . 6, G.Bu. P. 1 Mexico . 1838
CYPERACEÍE or SEDGES are a large and wellknown
order of grass-like herbs, but unlike
grasses, they supply no nutriment to cattle ;
some kinds, however, are used for various
domestic purposes, and in medicine.
CYPERÓRCHIS. See QymUdimn.
CYPÍ:RUS, Linn. Supposed to be derived from
Cypris, a name of Venus, from the roots of
some of the species being aphrodisiacal. Linn.
3, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Cyperacem. A genus of
grass-looking plants, many of them growing
best in water, or in wet situations ; any soil
suits them, and they may be increased by
division. See Papprus.
Aitóni . . . Apetal 6, G. Grass. C. G. H. .
alopecuroldes Apetal 5, G. Grass. 2 0. G. H. . 1804
alternifólius . Apetal 2, S. Grass. 2 Madag. . 1781
variegátus . Apetal 2, S. Grass. 2 Madag.
badius . . . Apetal 7, G. Grass. 2 Algiers . 1800
conglomeratus Apetal 7, S. Grass. 1 Arabia . . 1820
distans . . . Apetal 7, S. Grass. 2 W. Indies 1820
dübius . . Apetal 7, S. Grass, i E. Indies . 1802
erubéscens . Apetal 5, G. Grass. 1 1820
esculéntus . Apetal 7, H. Tu. P. 1 S. Europe 1597
fastigiàtus
flavéscens
fúscus . .
glomeràtus
ilia . . .
kyllingoìdes
lóngus . .
lùzula . .
nilóticus .
pygmseus
strigòsus
tenéllus
végetus
viscòsus
. Apetal 6, S. Grass. 1 E. Indies . 1800
, Apetal 7, H. Grass. 1 Germany 1776
, Apetal 8, H. Grass. ^ Eng., marsh.
. Apetal 6, H. Grass. 2 Italy . . 1804
. Apetal 7, S. Grass. E. Indies . 1802
. Apetal 7, H. Grass. | N. Amer. 1828
. Apetal 7, H. Grass. 3 Eng.,marsh.
. Apetal 7, S. Grass. 2 W. Indies.
. Apetal 8, H. Grass. 1 Egypt . . 1810
paniculàtus . Apetal 6, S. Grass. 1 E. Indies . 1804
pannónicus . Apetal 7, H. Grass. 1 Hungary . 1781
. Apetal 9, S. Grass. E. Indies . 1829
. Apetal 8, S. Grass. W. Indies 1786
. Apetal 5, G. Grass. ^ C. G. H. . 1819
. Apetal 7, H. Grass. 1 America . 1790
. Apetal 6, S. Grass. Jamaica . 1781
artic%üdtus, austrhlis, hrizeus^ caricìnus^ compáctus,
compréssits, cruéntiis, diffòrmis, dìves,
fasciculdris, hpdra^ leucociphalus, liguldris,
Mónti, miccronàtus, palléscens, Pangbrei, paramatténsis,
pdtens, pàtiilus^ polycéphalus, polystdchys,
prostrdtiLs, rigidus, tenuiflbriis, trisülcus.
CYPHÉLLA, Fries. From kyphellon, a cup.
Linn. 24, Or. 9, Nat. Or. Agaricdcece, This
species is found on decayed grass—cuticulòsa.
C^PHIA, Bergius. From kyphos, curved ; in reference
to the stigma being gibbons. Linn. 5,
Or. 1, Kat. Or. Goodenidcem. A pretty genus ;
the species require a mixture of peat, loam,
and sand, and may be increased by taking off
the young shoots as they begin to grow, and
planting them in sand. The annual species
merely require sowing. Synonymes : 1, Xobèlia
carddmines ; 2, L, volübilis,
bulbósa . . Pa. blue 8, G. A. ^ C. G. H. . 1791
cardáminesl . 7, S. Her. P. 2 C. G. H. . 1823
incìsa . . . Pa. red 2, G. A. \ C. G. H. . 1819
Phyteuma . Pink . 7, G. Tu. P. 1 C. G. H. . 1822
volubilis 2 . Pa. blue 7, G. A. 1 C. G. H. . 1795
CYPIIONÈMA. Linn. 6, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Amaryllidhcece.
''A remarkable new genus, of which
a live specimen in flower has been sent to
SpofForth, by Mr. Loddiges, imported as he
states from Valparaiso, being the first cyrtanthiform
plant found elsewhere than in South
Africa." A shade of doubt has been cast upon
the fact of its being a native of the abovementioned
country, Messrs. Loddiges having
had many Cape bulbs in the same house with
those imported from Chili.
Loddigesiànum Grn. str. 5, S. Bl. P. 1 S. Africa 183S
CYPRESS. See Oitpréssits.
CYPRESS OAK. See Qaércus pedunculàta fastigiata.
CYPRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA. See Widdringtonia.
CYPRESS POWDER, as used in France, is made
from the dried leaves of Arum macidàtum.
CYPRESS TURPENTINE. See Pistdcia Terebinthus.
CYPRIPÈDIUM, Linn. From Cypris, one of
Yenus's names, and podion, a slipper ; hence
the name, Venus's, or Ladies' Slipper. Linn,
20, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Orchiddcem. The Cypripèdinms
are remarkably handsome when in
flower, and on that account, they deserve a
place in every collection. They are all of the
easiest culture. The hardy species succeed
well iu peat soil, either kept in a frame, or
planted out in a shady border. The species,
natives of America, require to be protected