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of their stiif growth ; any common soil suits
them, and j^ouiig ])hints are obtained by dividing
the roots. In Spain, they use the flower
of B . strigdsits for tinder. Bynonyme: 1, E .
p i T s i m s ,
baimiiticus . Blue . 5, 11. Her. B. 2 Hungary .
iilbus . . White 5, II. Her. B. 2 Hungary
dahtiricus . BUie . 8, H. Her. P. Diilmria
exaltatus . White 7, II. Her. P. 6 Austria
glab(5rrimus. Blue . 8, H. Her. P. 2 Sinai .
Gmelini . . Wt.bl. 0, H. B. 3 Europe .
h6rridus 1 . Blue . 7, H. B. 5 Persia .
liiiinilis . . Blue . 7, H. B. 1 Caucasus
lanugindsus . Bhie . 7, H. B. 2 Levant.
panicul^tus . Blue . 7, H. Her. P. 6 Spain .
p^rsicus . . White 8, II. Her. P. 2 Persia .
platylepis . Blue . 9, H. B. 2 Europe.
polyc^phalus Blue . 7. H. Her. P. 2 S. Eur. .
pungeus . . Bhie . 7, H. B. 3 Rus.sia .
Ritro . . . Blue . 7, H. Her. P. 2 Europe,
ruth^nicus . Blue . 7, H. Her. P. 3 Russia .
ßpluerocephalus
.
spinòsus .
stríctus .
strigò sus .
taùi-icus .
• Lt bl. 7, H. Her. P. 5 Austria
1832
1828
1817
1830
1835
1818
1815
1736
1815
1821
1835
1816
1835
1570
1816
1596
. White 7, H. Her. P. 4 Egypt . . 1597
. Pa.bl- 7, H. Her. P. 3 Europe. . 1822
. White 7, H. A. 2 Spain . . 1729
.. Blue . 8, H. B. 4 Tauria . . 1816
tenuifólius . Blue . 8, H. Her. P. 2 Russia . . 1820
Tournefôrtii. Blue . 7, H. B. 3 Caucasus . 1835
virgiUus . . Blue . 6, H. Her. P. 2 S. Eur.. . 1820.
viscôsus . . Blue . 8, H. B. 3 Caucasus . 1818
ECHINÓPSIS, ZUCC. From echinos, a hedgehog,
and opsis, resemblance. L inn. 12, Or. 1, ÎTat.
Or. Cactàceoe. The plants are round and
prickly. All the species resemble Echinocáctus,
and their cultivation is the same. Syn
o n y m e s : 1, Echinocáctus leucacántha, Cèreus
' leiLcacánthus ; 2, E . ohrepândns ; 3, E. obre-.
p â n d i i s p u r p ú r e a .
campylacántha 1 . Rose . 6, S. Ev. S. 1 Chili . 1845
cnstilta2. . . . Wht.yl. 6, S. Ev. S. 1 Chili . 1844
álba White . 6, S. Ev. S. 1 ChiH . 1844
purpïireaS . . Purple. 6, tí. Ev. S. 1 Chili . 1844
ECHINOSPÉRMUM, Swartz. From ecMnos, a
hedgehog, and sperma^ seed ; the seeds are
very prickly. Linn. 5, Or. 1, Nat. Or. B o r a -
ginàceoe. These plants are not worth cultivating,
except in general collections. Synon
y m e s : 1, Myosotis L é p p u l a ; 2, M , margin
à t a ; 3, M , virglnica.
virginicum 3 . Blue . 6, H. B. 2 Virginia . 1699
harhàtura, de f l é x i i m , L á p i g u l a 1, marginatum
p á t u l u m . , Redàwskii.
ECHTNÓSTACIIYS. See P y c n ô s t a c l i y s ,
ECHÍTES, L i n n , From ecMs, a viper ; refeiTing
to the smooth, twining shoots. Linn. 5, Or.
1, Nat. Or. Apocynàceoe. This is a most beautiful
genus of evergreen twiners ; they grow
freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and are
increased readily from cuttings in sand, under
a glass. The bark of E . ant idy s ent é r i c a is astringent
and febrifugal. Synonymes: 1, N e r i -
á n d r a snherecta. Se e A g a n ó s m a , Dipladènia^
H oe m a d î c t y o n , P a r s o n i a a n d S t rophdnthus .
antidysen- | ^ g ^^^ ^^^ g ^ ^
tenca . )
atropurpúrea Brn.pr. 7, S. Ev. Tw. 10 Brazil . 1841
biflora. . . White . 7, S. Ev. Tw. 20 W. Ind.. 1793
bispinôsa. . Pink . 9, G. Ev. S. 1 C. G. H. 1795
caryophyllàtaPa. yel. 10, S. Ev. Tw. 6 E. Ind. . 1812
difîôrmis . . Pa. yel. 7, G. Ev. Tw. 8 Carolina. 1806
domingénsis. Yel. . 6, S. Ev. Tw. 12 W. Ind. . 1820
Francíscea . Ro. gn. 9, S. Ev. Tw. 10 Brazil . 1845
pal
fi. a
illidiflbra Sulphur 8, S. Ev. Tw. 8 Brazil . 1845
LaulphùreisYel.red 8, S. Ev. Tw. 8 BrazU .1849
frutéscens
grandiflòra
Hej'^nii
hirsuta .
longiflòra
inalabárica
pan icu lata
Pelliferi 1 .
peltàta .
reticulàta
Eichàrdi
rubricatilis
spléndens
stcllàris .
suberécta.
tomentosa
toròsa . .
tuberósa .
succulènta
umbellata
Edi
Yel.pk. 8, S. Ev. Tw. 8 E. Ind. 1816
1823
1818
1843
1816
Pink . 7, S. Ev. Tw. 8 E. Ind.
Yel. . 6, S. Ev. Tw. 4 E. Ind.
Yel. ro. 9, S Ev. Tw. 10 Brazil
White . 6, S. Ev. Tw. 6 Brazil
Red . 6, S. Ev. Tw.
Yel. .
Yel. .
Yel. .
Yel. .
Ye1. .
Yel. .
Wt. ro.
6 Malabar. 1822
7, S. Ev. Tw. 8 S. Amer. 1823
, S. Ev. Tw. 6 Brazil .
8 Trinidad 1826
3 E. Ind. . 1818
3 Guiana . 1824
7, S. Ev. Tw.
7. S. Ev. Tw.
7, S. Kv. Tw.
7, S. Ev. Tw. 6 Guiana . 1824
, S. Ev. Tw. 10 Brazil . 1841
Ro. yel ' 7. S. Ev. Tw. 10 Rio Jan. 1831
. Yel. . 7, S. Ev. Tw. 10 Jamaica. 17^)9
. Yel. , 7, S. Ev. Tw. 3 Guiana . 1824
. Yel. . 7, S. Ev. Tw. 10 Jamaica. 1778
. Pink . 6, G. Ev. Tw. 2 0. G. H. 1813
. Brown. 6, G. Ev. S. 1 C. G. H. 18-20
. Yel. . 7, S. Ev. TA'. 15 Jamaica. 1733
i l C H i U M , L i n n , From echis, a viper ; the seeds
resemble the head of the viper. Linn. 5, Or.
1, ITat. Or. BoraginacecB. This is a very pretty
genus of shrubs, growing from two to six feet
high, in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings
will root in the same kind of soil, under a
glass ; but they are more readily increased by
layers, which soon take root if laid down in
the youiig wood, with a little nick cut in the
shoot. Seeds are frequently produced, from
which they may also be increased. Synon
y m e s : E. f o r m d s u m ; 2, E , g r a n d i j l b r u m ;
3 , E . M s p i d i i m , ilegans.,
aculeatum . White 6, G. Ev. S. 4 Canaries . 1815
am^num . . Blue . 7, H. B. Caucasus . 18*26
ambiguum , Wt.rd. 7, G. Ev. S. 3 Canaries . 1820
angustif61ium Blush 7, H. A. 2 Spain . . 1826
arenarium . Pur. . 7, H.' A. 1 Calabria . 1826
arg^nteum . Blue . 6, G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H. . 1789
austrMe . . Pur. . 8, H. A. S. Eur. . . 1824
Mfrons . . . Wt.rd. 6, G. Ev. S. 3 Canaries . 1820
^ihum^'': } •
calycmum . Bl. yl. 7, H. A. 1 S. Europe . 1829
cdndicans . . Blue . 6, G. Ev. S. 3 Madeira , 1777
capitiitum . Red . 6, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H.
caudatum. . Red . 7, G. Her. P. 1 C. G. H.
crfeticum . . Red . 4, H. A. 1 Levant,
cynoglossoidesBlue . 7, G. Ev. S. 3 Canaries
dahuricum . Blue . 7, H. B. 1 Dahuria
densifloriim . Blue
6, G. Ev. S. 2 Canaries
diffiisum . . Pink
6, H. A. 1 Crete .
fastuòsum . Pur.
4, G. Ev. S. 4 Canaries
f^rocissimum. Blue
6, G. Ev. S. 5 Madeira
foliòsum .
. AVhite 7, G. Ev. S. 3 Canaries
fruticòsum
. Pink . 5, G. Ev. S. 3 C. C. H.
gigantèum . White 6, G. Ev. S.IO Canaries
gMbrum . . White 5, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H.
^LUT^^^^" } 2
audifiòrumiPink . 6, G. Ev. S. 3 Madeira
lispidum . . White 6, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H.
incanum . . Blue . 6, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H.
itàlicum . . White 7, H. B. 4 Jersey .
Lag^scanum . Lilac . 7, H. Her. P. 3 Spain .
Ia3vigatum . Blue . 7, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H.
lasiophyUum. White 5, G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H.
lineiitum . . White 7, G. Ev. S. 2 Canaries
iongiflòrum . Blue . 7, G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H.
lusitàniciim . Violet 6, H. A. 3 S. Eur. .
macrànthum 2 Violet 7, H. A. 1 Barbary
roacrophyllumBlue . 7, G. Ev. S. 3 Canaries
maritimum . Blue . 7, H. A. J Italy .
Merténsii . . Blue . 6, H. Her. P. Spain ,
micrànthum . Violet 6, H. A. 1 Barbary
mòlle . . . White 6, G. Ev S. 6 Teneriffe
nervòsum . . Pur. . 7, G. Ev. S. 4 Madeira
orientale . . Pa. bl. 6, H. A. 3 Levant .
paniculàtum . White 7, G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H.
parvifìòrum . Blue . 7, H. A. 2 Barbary
petrifeum . . Blue . 6, H. Ev. S. 3 Balmatia
plantaginoides White 6 H. A._l S. Eur. .
. 1819
. 1818
. 1683
. 1816
. 1827
. 1820
. 1817
. 1779
. 1787
. 1815
. 1759
. 3 779
. 1791
. 1792
. 1787
. 1818
. 1816
1826
. 1774
. 1819
. 1815
. 1806
. 1731
. 1818
. 1823
. 1815
. 1824
. 1824
. 1820
. 1777
. 1780
. 1815
. 1798
. 1843
. 1826
ECL 2 0 7 E L ^
plan tagine um, , Pur. . 7. Ii. A. 1 Italy . . 1776
prostràtum . Red . 7, H. lier .P. 1 Egypt . . 1825
P3'raiìiidàtum Blue . t-r
i , G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H. . 1820
pyrengfeum White 7, H. B. 1 Pyrenees . 1815
rubrum . . Red . c, H. B. 4 Hungary . 1791
salmánticum. Pink . 7, H. A. 1 Spain . . 1819
scábrum . . Pr. bl. 7, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H. . 1820
• SibthòrpiiS . Red . 0, H. B. 1 Europe. . 1824
simplex . . White 6, G. Ev. S. 1 Teneriffe . 1820
Sim sii . . . Rd.bl. s, H. A. 1 S. Europe . 1816
sphoerocéph- )
alón . . j White 7, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H. . 1824
spicîXtum . . White 7, G. Her '.P. -IC. G. H. . 1790
stríctum . . Blue . G. Ev. S. 3 Canaries . 1770
strigòsum . . Violet 8, G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H. . 18:^1
Swàrtzii . . Blue . 6, G. Ev. S. 2 C. G. H. . ISlC
ténue . . . Blue . r, H. B. 1 Sicily . . 1824
thyrsoìdeum . Bhie . 8, H. B. 1 S. Eur. . . 1820
tuberculatum Violet H. B. 1 Spain . . 1820
verrucòsum . White r, G. Ev. S. 3 C. G. H. . 1822
violàceum . . Blue . 6, H. B. 3 Austria . 1658
viréscens . . Whits 7, G. Ev. S. 2 Canaries . 1820
vulgàrc. . . Red . r, H. B 2 Britain, fields.
flòre álbo . White 7, H. B. 1 Britain, walls.
ECLÍPTA. From ehUipo, to be deficient; the
seed-crown and ^^dng are wanting. Linn. 19,
Or. 2, Nat. Or. Asteractm. Uninteresting annuals
and biennials of easy cultiu'e—erécia^
l a t i f b l i a , procúmhens, pr o s t r á t a , punctata^ un -
d u l d t a . See Béllis.
ECÓSTATE, having no nerves on the leaf.
ÉCTASIS. See E r i c a .
ECTOCARPUS, Lynghye. From elctoSj outside,
and k a r p o s , a fruit ; the theca is not inclosed.
L i n n . 24, Or. 7, Ñat. Or. Fucacece. Mostly
dark green marine productions, found in spring
a n d s u m m e r—h r a c h i a t n s , d i s tor t i i s , g r a n u l b s u s ,
pusUlus^ tovientbsusj siliculosiís atrovlrens-ferricgineiis.
ECTOSTRÓMA, F r i e s . From eMos, without, and
stroma^ a hair. Linn. 24, Or. 9, I^at. Or.
M%LCorace(El Very minute species, to be met
with during summer and autumn on tlie I r i s
and decayed kurel leaves ; whence their specific
n ame s—t r i d i s , Lauri .
EDDOES. See Colocasia cscuUnta.
ED:ÉNTULUS, not toothed.
EDGWÓRTHIA, M e y e r . In honour of M. P. Edgeworth,
of the E. I. Co.'s service, and a great
lover of botany. Linn. 8, Or. 1, ISTat. Or.
ThymelacecB. This is a genus closely allied to
D d p h n e . The species require to be grown in
two parts sandy loam and one part turfy peat,
wdth good drainage and a liberal supply of
water in summer, but carefully watered in
winter. Increase is by cuttings planted in
sand. Synonymes: 1, D a p h n e p a p y r i f e r a ^ E .
p a p y t i f e r a .
chrysántha 1 . Yellow 6, G. Ev. 1 China . . 1845
EDIBLE, eatable.
EDWARDSIA, Sal ishi try, In honour of Sydenham
Edwards, a celebrated English botanical
draughtsman. Linn. 10, Or. 1, Nat. Or. F a -
hacece. A very ornamental genus of j^Iants,
which will survive our winters if planted
against a warm wall, and protected from very
severe frosts. They vary in height from four
to twelve feet; they thrive best in sandy peat,
and increase readily from cuttings. Synonyme:
1 , Soplidra serlcea.
cbilénsis . . Yellow. 5, G. Ev. T. 15 Chile . . 1822
chrysophylla Yellow. 5, F. De. S. 10 N. Zeal. ,
grandiflòra . Yellow. 5, F. De. S. 12 N. ZeaL . 1772
mierophylla. Yellow. 5, P. De. S. 6 N. Zeal. . 1772
mínima . . Yellow. 5, F. De. S. 4 N. Zeal. . 1818
Macnabiàna. Yellow. 7, G. Ev. S. 6 Australia . 1820
macrocàr[>a . Yellow. 5, G. Ev. S. 6 Chili . . 1822
myriophylla. Yellow. 5, G. Ev. S. 6 N. Zeal. .
nítida . . . Yellow, 5, S. Ev. S. 8 Bourbon . 1820
EFFUSE, applied to inflorescence, and means a
kind of panicle Avith a very loose arrangement.
EGG APPLES. See S o l à n u m ovígerum.
EGG-BEAKER. See S o l á n w / n o v íge rum.
EGG PLANT. See S o l à n u m ovígerum.
EGLANTINE. See Rósa lùtea.
EGLANTINE. See R ù h u s Eglantèria.
ÍIGLETES, B e Candolle. Derivation unknown.
L i n n . 19, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Asteràceoe. Hardy
plants of the easiest culture. Synonyme: P y -
r e t h r u m s imp l i c i f o l i um.
domingénsis 1. White 8, H. A. 1 S. Amer. . 1823
viscósa . . . White 8, S. Her. P. U Vera Cruz. 17ií9
EGYPTIAN BEAN OF PYTHAGORAS. See N e l w i i -
M u m .
EGYPTIAN LOTUS. See N y m p h é a Lotus.
EGYPTIAN THORN. See A c à c i a véra.
EHRÉTIA, L i n n . In honour of D. G. Ehret, a
celebrated German botanical draughtsman.
L i n n . 5, Or, 1, liat. Or. Ehretiàceoe, Stove
plants, of much beauty, from eight to twentyñve
feet high. They delight in loam and peat,
and cuttings root in the same kind of soil, or
in sand, under a glass, in heat. See Bour -
r è r i a a n d Grahoicskia.
acuminata . Wht. 7, G. Ev. T. 12 N. Holland . . 1820
áspera . . Wht. 6, S. Ev. T. 10 E. Ind. . . . 1795
huxifòlia . Wht. 7, S. Ev. S. 8 E. Ind. . . . ISi'S
divaricata . Wht. 7, S. Ev. T. 12 Havannah . . 1820
dùbia . . Wht. 6, S. Ev. T. 20 Jamaica . . . 1825
internòdis . Wht. 8, S. Ev, S. 6 Antilles . . . 1819
]£èvis. . . Wht. 7, S. Ev. T. 10 E. Ind. . . . 1823
láxa . . . Wht. 7, S. Ev. S. 6 Bourbon . . . 1826
mierophylla Wht. 7, S. Ev. S. 10 E. Ind. . . . 1818
serrata . . Wht. 6, S. Ev. S. 6 E. Ind. . . . 1823
tinifòlia. . Wht 6, S. Ev. Ï . 30 Jamaica . . . 17d4
EHRETIÀCEÌE or EHRETIADS. A small order,
se2)arated from Boraginàceoe. Most of them
are tropical trees or shurbs, and a few are herbaceous
plants.
EHRHÀRTA, S m i t h . In honour of F. Ehrhart, a
Swiss naturalist. Linn. 6, Or. 1, Nat. Or.
Graminàceoe. Plants which are only interesting
in botanical collections. Synonyme: 1,
A i r a capénsis. Se e Mi c r o loen a.
panícea . . Apetal . 7, G. Grass. 2 C. G. H. . 1790
c a l y c ì n a 1, d i s t i c h o p h y l l a , gigântea,
EICHÒRNIA. See P o n t e d h i a .
EKEBÉRGIA. Sparmann named this genus in
compliment to G. Gustavus Ekeberg, captain
of a Swedish East liidiaman, who took him
out to Ciiina. Linn. 10, Or. 1, Nat. (Jr. M e l i -
àceoe. A very ornamental tree, growing about
twenty feet high ; a mixture of loam and peat
suits it, and young plants may be raised from
cuttings, planted in sand, under a glass, in
heat.
capénsis . White . 7, G. Ev. T. 20 C G. H. . 1789
EL^AGNICEJS or OLEASTERS. A small order of
trees and shrubs, usually covered with a silvery
scurf. Several s[)ecies of Ela^ágnese bear eatable
fruit, and the berries of Shephérdia argéntea,
called in IST. America the " Kabbit Berry/*
f I«