•í
POL 454 POI
• .tiii;
t
'ìHF I 1 i n i t
Í m
I ' Y
{ .
tbesio\dcs . Blue . 7, F. Ev. S. 1 Valparais. 830
umbellàta . Turplc . 7, S. .V 1 a G^ H. . 17 3
vcrticillàta .AVbito .7,11. \ \l l
vulgaris . . Bluo . U. Her. P. h ^nt . , heaths.
PoLTGALÀCE.^, ov MiLK-woRTS. Small shrubs
and herbaceous plants; many very pretty,
especially the greenhouse lands. Some bear
eatable fruit, as iMûndia spi7ibsa, others supply
a red dye, as Ehatany-root (Krainèna), and
others are useful in medicine.
POLYGAMOUS, when some flowers are male, some
female, and others hermaphrodite, on the same
plant.
POLYGONÀCE^, or BUCKWHEATS. There are
few parts of the Avorld which do not acknowledge
the presence of plants of this order. In
Europe, Africa, North America, and Asia, they
occupy ditches, hedges, and waste grounds, in
the form of Docks and Persicàrias ; the fields,
mountains, and heaths, as Sorrels, and trailing
or twining Polygonums ; in South America anil
the West Indies they take the form of Coccolobas,
or Sea-side-grapes ; in the Levant, of
Rluibarbs ; and even in the desolate regions
of the ISTorth Pole they are found in the shape
of Oxfiiù,. — Veg. Kingcl.
POLYGONATUM, Desfoiitaines. Prom poly, many,
and gome, a knee ; referring to the numerous
joints of the stem. Linn. 6, Or. 1, Is^at. Or.
Liliàceoe. Pretty border plants, growing about
two feet high in any rich soil, and readily increased
by seed or divisions of the root. Synonymes
: 1, P. latifolmm; 2, Convcdlaria
vcrticillàta; 3, G. Folygonàtuvi.
angustif5- I vThite
hum . )
bracbiatum . White
canalicula- ") -^yi^ite
turn . . )
hirtum . . White
latifolium . White
leptoiDh^Uum White
macroph^'llum
1 . . )
multiflbnim. White
oppositifb- l^Tj^ite
Hum . . i
poly^nthemum.
.
pubi^scens . White
5, n . Her. P. 1 N". Amer. 1824
7, H. Her. P. 1 Switzerl. 1827
6, H. Her. P. 1 IST. Amer. 1812
5, H. Her. P. 1 K Amer. 1819
5, H. Her. P. 3 Germany 1802
. 6, G. Her. P. 2 Nepal . 1816
. 5, H. Her. P. 3 N. Amer. 1800
. 6, H. Her. P. 2 Brit., woods.
. 4, G. Her. P. 1 Neï)al . 1822
. 5, H. Her. P. 1 Caucasus 1826
5, H. Her. P. 1 K Amer. 1812
pimct^tum .' Wht. red 5,-w-x r. HGT. HTJe^-rn. PT). 11 ISniVdiiratv i.o . 1857
róseum .
vet rutmic il2l àvulgàre
3 .
Rose . . 5, H. lier. P. 1 Siberia
White . 5, H. Her. P. 1 Scot., woods.
White . 5, H. Her. P. 2 Eng., hills.
flto-pWio'. AVhtgrn. 6, H. Her. P. 2 Eng., gard.
minor . . Wht.gru. 6, H. Her. P. 1 Eng., gard.
POLYGONUM, Linn. Derivation same as that of
Polygonàhm. Linn. 8, Or. 3, ITat. Or. PolygonacccB.
The species of this geniis grow freely
in any light rich soil. The perennial kinds
are readily increased from seeds, or by divisions
of the root. The hardy annual species
merely require sowing in the open ground.
The tender kinds must be raised on a gentle
hotbed, and transplanted into the liower-border.
Some species, such as P. Hyrlrópipcr,
are extremely acrid, and said to blister the
skin. The seeds of P. Fagop^ruin and tatdricum
are used as food, and according to Humboldt,
the leaves of F. hispidum are used in
South America as a substitute for tobacco.
Synonymes: 1, P. pctioUtmri ; 2, P. élegans ;
3, P. flagcllàre; 4, Ainpehjgomcm cMnénsiSy
Folijgomim hracliiatiim: See Tragopijrum, Fagopyrum^
and Sarcoghnim.
Pink
Red .
Red .
White
Pink
Red .
7, IT.
7, G.
6, H.
7, H
7, H
7. H.
acutàtum
adprc^ssum
affino . .
alplnum .
amphibium
hi r sii turn
amplexi- | ^^^^ ^ ^
caule 1 )
arenài^ium . Purple .
arifòlium. . Wht. red
articulàtum . White .
australe . . Red . .
harbiltum . White .
Bistòrta . . Pink
chinénse 4 . Wt. grn.
C, H.
4, H.
7, H.
7, H.
7, H.
7, H.
7, H.
7, G.
8, H
7, H.
7, G.
7, H.
7, G.
7, H.
7, H.
6, H.
6, H.
7, H.
7, H.
V, H.
7, H,
7, H.
. 7, G.
. 7 , G.
. 7. H.
, C, n
Wht.red
Pink .
Scarlet.
A. 1 . 182S
Ev. S. 2 N. Holl. . 1822
Her. P. f Nepal . 1822
Her. P. 'i Switzerl. ISIG
Aq. P. 1 Brit., ditches.
Her. P. 1 Brit., wet pi.
7, H. Her. P. 2 India . . 1837
pictis
cilinòde .
coccíncum
compléxum . Grn. yol.
Pink .
Red . -
White .
White .
Wt. grn.
Pink .
cymòsimi
decipiens
d iffù sum .
Dryandri 2
élcgans .
ellipticum
emarginàtum Pink
Fagop>'rum . Pink
floribundum. Rod . .
gliibrum . . Red . .
glahcum . . White .
gràcile. . . Red . .
hcrniarioides
hirsùtum . White .
Laxm^nni . White .
macroi:)hyl- Ip^.^ple .
lum t
mite
Tr. A.
Tw. A.
A.
B.
De. Tr.
Her. P.
Tw. A.
A.
Cl. A.
Her. P.
Ev. S.
A.
Her. P.
Her. Tr
A.
Her. Tr.
Her. P.
A.
A.
A.
A.
.Her. P.
Her. P.
Ev. S.
A.
Her. P.
1 Hungary 1807
4 N. Holl. . ISia
1 N. Amer. 1817
1 N. Holl. . 1818
China . 1819
Brit., pastur.
C China . 1795
1 Japan . 1860
4 Canada . 1800
1 K. Amer. 1810
10 N. Zeal. . 1842
2 Nepal . 1827
2
G, II. Her. P.
Red . .
White .
Wt. gm.
Red . ,
White ,
7, H. Aq. A .
7, G. Ev. S.
7, II. Her. P.
8, H. A. - -
8 H A. 5 E. Indies 1781
7 ' l l . Her. P. 1 Russia .1831
7, H. I Ier .Tr . 1 Nepal . 182.S
8, H. A.
7, IL
7, H.
7, G.
7, H.
O, H,
7, H.
7, H.
7. H.
7, G.
8, H.
7. H.
mòlle . . .
ocreàtum
orientale . .
álbum . .
oxyspérmum
2 > ì x t e n s . . .
pátulum . . White .
pennsylvá- ] ^^^ ^
nicum .
persicarioides Pink
plebèium. . Red . .
sagittàtum . Wt. gi'n.
salsugineum. Pink
senegalénsis. Red . .
sericeum . . White .
setòsum . . White .
tinctòrium . Red . .
virginiànum. White
vivíparum . Wt. grn.
ep;-
N. Holl. . 1822
, ^ Sibeiia . 1817
U E. Indies 1800
2 Nepal . 1824
2 Siberia . 1807
2 China . . 1806
2 Eng., corn ûe.
2 Siberia . 1818
E. Indies 1810
l" N. Amer.
1 N. Holl. . 1822
^ Egypt . 1827
1 N. Amer. 1817
1 Dayuria . 1800
l^Nci-)al . 1820
1 N. Amer. 1800
1 E. Indies 1843
2 Siberia . 1780
E. Indies 1707
l i Tatiria . 1820
A. 1 N. Amer. 1800
A. 1 Mexico .1816
Her.V. l^N. Holl. . 1822
Tw. A. 6 N. Amer. 1759
Aq. A. 1 Caucasus 1817
Aq. A. n Guinea . 1825
r-ìer. Tr. ^Siberia .1820
Her. P. 1 A. Minor 1817
B. 2 China . 1776
I-Ier. P. 3 N. Amer. 1640
Her. P. è Brit., pasturs.
aceiòsum, acidithtm, alpìmm, aviculàre, Bellardi,
Brunònia, Convòlvidus, cuspidàtim^ do
varicàtum, dumetòncm, equiseti/òrme, créetum,
IIydròp)i'per, incàmcm, injtccandum, lapathifòlium,
liitoràle 3, maritimum, minus, mUticum,
Fersicària, ramosissimum, saUgnum,
scdndens, tatdricicm, undulàtum, vaccimifò-
Hum.
PoLYÌDES, ÀgardJi. From polyeides, multifarious
; diversity of appearauce. 24, Or.
7 Kat. Or. Ceramiàcece. A very smgular
worm-like species of Alg(B, found in the sea
during the month of November—
PoLfMNiA, Linn. Folymnia was the name of
one of the Muses. Linn. 19, Or. 4, Nat. Or.
Asieràcece. Species of no great beauty, succeeding
well in common garden soil. P. aoyS'
POL 455 POL
sinica requires to be raised on a hotbed, and
when potted off, set with the stove plants.
abyssinica . Yellow • 4, S. B f Africa . 1^5
eaxiadénsis . Yellow . 7, H. Her. P. 6 N Amer. 1-68
maculàta . Yello.v . 8, H. Her. P. 6 Mexico . 1824
Uvedàlea. . YeUow . 9, H. Her. P. 8 N. Amer. 1699
PoLYMÒRPiious, assuming various forms.
POLYÒTUS. Sec AscUpias longifolia.
POLYPLÌTALOUS, having many petals.
POLYPIIÒRE, an elongated receptacle, which
bears many ovaries, but not the petals or
stamens.
POLYPODIÀCE/Ì:, or PERNS. A very extensive
order of iiowerless plants—familiar to most
persons. They all contain a thick astringent
mucilage, useful in medicine, and several
species supply in their rhizomes a large proportion
of nutritive food.
POLYPÓDIUM, Sioartz. From poly, many, and
vous, a foot ; numerous root-like feet. Linn.
24, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Folypodiàcem. A genus
of very ornamental ferns. The stove and
greenhouse species require, to grow them well,
a mixture of loam and peat. The hardy kinds
are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work,
or they may be grown in pots, in light loamy
soil All the species may be readily increased
by dividing the roots, or by spores. P. crassifolium
is said to be sudorific and anti-rheumatic.
In the Sandwich Islands, they use the
bruised fronds of P. pliymatòdcs to perfume
the cocoa-nut oil. Synonymes : 1, P. scdndens;
2, Davdllia contigua ; 3, P. muUtJidum
; 4, P. latifolium; 5, Artliròpterisfilipes.
See Allantodia, Aspidimn, Asplhiium, Chei-
Idnthes, Gymnogrdmma, Mcniscium, Niphobolus,
and XipMpteris.
alpèstre . . Brown . 7, H. Her. P. è
5, S. Her. Cr. i W. Ind. 1820
5, S. Her. P. 1 Brazil . 1824
8, S. Her. P. 1 I. Luzon 1842
7, S. Her. P. 1-^- ]\Iartnco. 1790
5 S. Her. Cr. i N. Holl. 1823
3 S. Her. P. 2 W. Ind. . 1742
7, S. Her. Cr.2 Brazil .1824
5 S. Her. Cr.l V. D. L. 1823
7, H. Her. P. % Brit.,chky.pl.
6, S. Her. P. 1 Brazil . 1824
6, H. Her. P. 1 Canada . 1823
angnstifò- ( ^
lium. . j
areolàtum . Brown .
aspérulum . Brn. yel.
asplenifòlium Brown .
attenuàtum . Brown .
a t r e um . . Brown .
auriculàtum Brown .
Biliardièri 1 . Brown .
calcàreum . Brown .
Catharìnse . Brown .
connéctlle . Brown
contigixum 2! Brn.yel. 4, S. Her. P. 1 ^Luzon
crassifòlium. Brown . 8, S. Her. P- 3 W. Ind . 1823
8 S. Her. P. l i Jamaica 1823
8, S. Her. P. 1 Jamaica 1823
8, S. Her. P. 4 Brazil . 1818
7, S. Her. P. 2 . 1830
crenàtum . Brown
curvàtum . Brown
decumànum. Brown
defléxum . Brown
dissimile .
divérgens 3
drépanum
Dryópteris
effiisum .
filipes 5 .
fraxinifòlium Brown
hastàtum . Brown
Brown . 7, S. Her. P. 2 Brazil . 1820
Brn. yel. 6, S. lier. P. 1 W. Ind. 1841
Brown aU S. Her P. 1 Madeira.
Brown . 7, H. Her. P. 1 Brit., moi. pL
Brown . 11, S. Her. P. 3 Jamaica 1769
Brown . 7, G. Her. P. 1 N. Zeal.
8, S. Her. P. Caraccas 1817
7, S. Her. P. 2 Jamaica 1820
7, S. Her. Cr. \ W. Ind. 1820
7, H. Her. P. 1 N Amer. 1811
Brown
hexngonóp- ] ^
ter\im .
incUnum
incìsum
iridifùlium . Brown
jamaicénse
juglandifòliiim
. Brown . 8, S. Her. Cr. I S. Amer. 1811
. Brown . 7, S. Her. P. 1 W. Ind. 1810
9, S. Her. P.
6, S. Her. P. U Jamaica 1820
7, S. Her. P. S. Amer. 1822
I Brn. yel. 6, S. Her, P. 3 Jamaica 1843
. .
lachnopédium
.
lanceolàtum. Brown
látipes . . Brown
longifòliuni . Brown
lycopodicìdea Brown
Brown
Brown
8, S.
10, S.
7, S.
7, S.
6, S.
5, S.
6, S.
10, S.
5, S.
3, S.
5, S.
7, S.
6, II
7, S.
7, S.
8, S.
7, S.
7, S.
6, S.
all S.
nütans . . Brn. yel.
obliquiitum . Bm. yel.
oliväceum . Brown .
Otltes . . . Brown .
owarii^nse . P;own .
papillösum . J.rn.yel.
Paradises-o . Brn. yel.
peetinätum . Brown .
Phegöpteris. Brown .
Pbyllitidis . Brown .
phymatüdes. Brown .
pilosc'lloides. Brown .
plantagin- I Brown .
eum 4 . )
plümula . . Brown .
polyÄnthum. Brown .
proliferum . Brown
pruinä-tum .'Brown
pustumtum . Brown
quercifölium Brown
W. Ii.d. 1812
Brazil .
Brazil . 1810
W. Ind. 1703
Malacca
I. Luzon 18-11
S. Amer.
Brazil . 1834
S Leone
I. Luzon
Brazil . 1841
W. Ind. 1793
Brit., bills.
W. Ind. 1793
E. Ind. . 1823
W. Ind. 1793
Her. P. 1
Her. P. I i
Her. P. 3
Her. Cr. i
Her. P. 1
Her. P. 1
Her. P. 1
Her. P. i
Her. Cr. i
Her. P. 1
Her. P. 14
Her. P. 1
. Her. P. ^
Her. P. 2
Her. P. -1
Her. Cr. i
Her. P. 1 W. Ind. 1817
recfedens
repííndum
rèpens. .
salicifòlium
sánctum .
Schtikhrii
scülopendrioìdes
sérpcns .
s errai fórme
Brn. yel.
. Brown .
. Bi'own .
. Brown .
. Brown .
. Brown .
I Brown .
. Brown .
Bni yel.
9, S.
6, G.
9, S.
6, S.
8, S.
5, S.
8, S.
7, S.
7, S.
5, S.
6, S.
4, S.
3, S.
all S.
5, S.
5, S.
5, S.
8, S.
Ö,S.
6, S.
5, S.
8, S.
7, S.
all S.
Rertularioides Brn. yel.
simile . . . Brown .
stlgmösum . Brown .
subfalc^itum. Brn. yel.
subpetiolä- lj3j.nyel.
t um . . )
taeniösum . Brown .
ten<Sllum . . Brown .
tetragönum . Brown .
triebödes . . Brn, yel.
tricboma- ) _
noides . )
trifurcätum. Brown .
luberösum . Brown .
vacciniifö- 1 Brown .
lium . . )
virginianum. Brown .
vulg)lre . . Brown .
cämbricum. Brown ,
1 S. Amer. 1824
2 Brazil . 1824
2 Madeira.
3 Jamaica 1793
1 N. Zeal. 1820
l i B. Ind. . 1824
1 I. Luzon
U Jamaica 1820
2 W. Ind. 1810
^ Brazil
U W. Ind. 1820
1 Brazil . 1824
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. Cr.
Her. Cr
Her. P.
Her. P.
Her. P. HW. Ind. 1820
Her. Cr. ^ W. Ind. 1816.
Her. P. 1 I. Luzon 1841
Her. P. 1 Malacca
Her. Cr.2
Her. P. 1 E. Ind- • 1828
Her. P. 1 I. Luzon 1839
Her. P. Mexico . 1844
Her. Cr.2 S. Amer. 1815
Her. Cr.l N. Holl. 1823
Her. P. 2 Brazil . 1827
Her. P. 1 I. Luzon 1810
Her. P. 1 W. Ind. 1822
Her. P. fW. Ind. 1820'
Her. P. 2 W. Ind.
9, S. Her. Cr. ^ W. Ind.
7, H. Her. P. J N. Amer.
7 H. Her. P. 1 Brit., woods.
7] H. Her. P. 1 Brit., woods.
POLYPODY. See Folypodium.
POLYP5GON, Desfontaines. From pioly, many
and pogon, a beard. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Kat. Or.
Graminaccce. Grasses, thriving in any common
soil, and increased by seeds or divisions
of the roots. Sijnonymes: 1, Agrdstis seibsa ;
A. littoralis.
littor^lis 2. . Apetal . 7, H. Grass 1 Brit., sea sboi'c
monspeli^nsis Apetal . 7, H. Grass 1 Brit., way sides.
glomerHusl, marithnus, tatdricus,
PoLfpORUS, Michaux. Derived ivompoly, many,
and poros, a pore ; the under surface is full of
pores. Linn. 24, Or. 9, ITat. Or. AgaricdcciB.
These species of Fungi are found in pastures,
trunks of trees, &;c. Synonyme: 1, Boletus
vclutinus — abietinus, adustus, amdrphus,
armeniacus, betulinus, brumlLlis, c^sius, Carmichceliknus,
cast^neus, cinctus, cuticularis,
ferrugin6sus, fomentarius, fraxineus, frondosus,
aicrdnteus, heter6clitus, hispidus 1, ignianus,
incarnktus, l^ntus, leptocephalus, lucidus, mediilla
p^nis, molluscus, nigricans, pachypus, p.
olivkeus, pallescens, pelliicidus, perennis, radi^
tus, reticuRtus, Eibis, sc6ticus, spongiosus,
spumans; squamosus, suav^olens, s. salicmus,
' "1
äifii