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PÌNDROW. See Pìcea Pindroio,
PÌNEA, See Fhius Pìnea.
PINE. See Pìmis.
PINE-APPLE. See Ananàssa.
PINÀCE.^:, or CONIFERS.- These are noble timber
trees, natives of various parts of the world,
but principally in tlio temperate and arctic
regions. Their timber is known h j the names
of Deal, fir, pine, cedar, &c., and is highly
esteemed.
PiNGuicuLA, Linn. From pingiiis, fat in allusion
to the greasiness of the leaves. Linn.
2, Or. 1, Xat. Or. Lentihulariàcece. Beautiful
little plants, but difficult to keep artificially.
F. grandiflòra will succeed in common bog
soil. The other species require a shaded morass
to come to any perfection. P. vulgàris acts on
cow's-milk the same as common rennet. In
Sweden and Norway the milk of the Eeindeer
is poured on the leaves, and set aside for a
day or so, when it acquires consistence and
tenacity, and then neither the whey nor the
cream will separate, forming a very grateful
food,
alplna, . . White
ed^ntula . . Yellow
gi-aiidiflbra . Bhio
lusitdnica . Lilac
liitea . . . Yellow
orcbidioldes. Purple
vulgilris . . Violet
4, n . I-Ter. P. ^ Germany 1794
4, F. Her. P. ^ N. Amcr. 1823
4, H. Her. P. \ Britain, bogs.
6, H. Her. P. i Britain, bogs,
G, F. Her. P. i Carolina . 1816
10, S. Her. P. k Mexico . 1845
5, H. Her. P. i Britain, bogs.
PfNGUiN. See BromUia Plnguin,
PfNGUiS, fat, greasy.
PINK. See Didnthus.
PiNNiE, the leaflets of a pinnate leaf.
PINNATE ; when a leaf is divided into numerous
small leaflets, as the leaves of the ash.
PlNNATELT-TERNATE, having three leaflets disposed
in a pinnate manner.
PiNNAxiFiD, when a leaf is divided into lobes
from the margin nearly to the mid-rib.
PiNNATfFiDLY-siNUATED, scolloped in a pimiatifid
manner.
PIN5LIA. See ilria.
PIN-PILL. See OpHntia ciirassdvim.
PINSAPO. See Pic&a Pinsapo,
PiNUS, Linn. From pinos, a Greek word used
by Theophrastus to designate a pine-tree ; and
some authors derive it from the Celtic pm, or
pyn, a mountain or rock; alluding to the
hubitat of the tree. Linn, 21, Or. 10, iTat. Or.
Pinacece. This much-esteemed and well-known
genus contains some of the trees of most universal
use in civilised society, and form a
very important article of commerce both in
Europe and America. Most, if not all, of
the species are highly deserving of culture,
being very ornamental and beautiful in every
stage of their growth. They will succeed on
almost any kind of soil, but to bring the timber
to its greatest state of perfection, a somewhat
loamy and a cool subsoil are requisite.
Young plants may be obtained by a variety of
methods. All the species may be propagated
by layers, by inarching on nearly allied kinds,
by herbaceous grafting ; many may also be
increased by cuttings; but the speediest way
is by seed, and which process we shall briefly
notice. In some of the species the cones attaiu
their full size the iirst year, but, in most, not
till the end of the second autumn. The cones
of P. sylvéstris and the like, open of themselves
shortly after being gathered from the
tree, and spread out in the sain ; but the cones
of P. Pindster, P. Pinea^ and similar kinds,
do not, though treated in the same manner,
open their scales for several months. The seed
should be sown on finely-prepared rather sandy
soil, in March or April. The seeds of the
most common kinds are always sown on beds,
and after being gently beaten down, are slightly
covered witli light soil. The seeds of the rare
kinds are sown in pots iilled with finely-prepared
soil, and when up, treated like other
hardy seedlings. For a great mass of other
useful information relative to these fine trees,
indeed, for every thing that it is necessary
to know respecting them, we refer the reader
to Loudon''s Arhoretiim et Friiticetum Britannicum,
a work wliich ought to be in the hands
of every lover of hardy trees and shrubs.
Under Pimts, we have included the genera
hies and Pìcea, of Don and other authors,
believing them to be so nearly akin as to render
it unnecessary to keep them generically
distinct. We have, however, in this genus
departed a little from the original plan of the
work, by dividing it into Sections, so that
those who differ from us in opinion, will have
no difficulty in recognising the species oi Abies
and Pìcea of authors, every species of those
genera being retained alphabetically under the
respective Sections.
SECT. I. PÌNUS, Linn. Derivation same as
genus. Synonymes: 1, P. palllstris ; 2, F.
genevévsis ; 3, P. oocàrpa; 4, P. Pindster Ascarlna
; 5, A Lemoniàna ; 6, P. nòva-zeldndica ;
7, P. echinàta, P. uncinàta; 8, P. rubra; 9,
P. Edgariàna ; 10, P. monophijlla, Llaveàna ;
11, P. californica. ^QQ Àhies.Cèdrus, Cunninghàrìxia^
Ddmviara, and Ldrix.
halcpénsis . Apctal 6, II. Ev. T.
genevénsis2 Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
marítima
minor .
Hartwégii
ìnops , .
insigni s .
Jeff rey ìlna
Koraiénsis
Khasyànus
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apctal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
40 Levant . .1683
CO Geneva . . 1820
40
40
40 Mexico . . 1839
60 N. America 1739
50 California . 1833
50 California ..
30 Japan . .
50 Nepal
albicaiilis.
apulcénsls
ari s tà ta .
austràlis 1
austrìaca.
Banksiîina
Beîirdsleyi
. Apetal 5, H.
. Apetal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
. Apetal 6, H.
. Apetal 6, H.
. Apetal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
Bcnthamiàna Apetal 5, H.
brtitia . . . Apetal 5, H.
califòrnica . Apetal 5, H.
canariénsis . Apetal 5, F.
Cémbra . . Apetal 5, H.
helvética . Apetal 5, H.
pygmsfea . Apetal 5, H.
sibirica . . Apetal 5, H.
cembroides . Apetal 5, H.
còrnea. . . Apetal 5, H.
Coultèri . . Apetal 3, H.
Craigiàna . Apetal 5, H.
densiflòi-a . Apetal 5, H.
Devoniàna , Apetal 6, H.
Ehrenbérgii. Apetal 5, H.
excélsa
FreemontiîXna
10 .
filifòUa .
Gerardiàna
Gordoniàna
Grenvillese
Grífñthii .
Ev. T. 50 Oregon . .
Ev. T. 60 Mexico . . 1839
Ev. T. 60 N. America
Ev. T. 60 N. America 1730
Ev. T. 40 Austria. . 1835
Ev. T. 25 Huds. B. . 1785
Ev. T. 60 S. Frncisco.
Ev. T. 200 California , 1847
Ev. T. 50 Calabria .
Ev. T. 50 California . 1829
Ev. T. 60 Canaries . 1815
Ev. T. 60 Siberia . .1746
Ev. T. 50 Switzerlnd. 1819
Ev. T. 6 Siberia . .
Ev. T. 60 Siberia . .1746
Ev. T. 20 Mexico . . 1845
Ev. T. 30
Ev. T. 100 California . 1832
Ev. T. 40 S. Frncisco.
Ev. T. 30 Japan . . 1864
Ev. T. 80 Mexico . . 1839
Ev. T. 50
Apetal 6, H. Ev. T. 150 Nepal . . 1823
• Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 20 California . 1848
Apetal 6, H. Ev. T.
60 Guatemala. 1849
Apetal 5, F. Ev. T.
40 E. Indies .
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
80 Mexico . . 1846
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
80 Mexico . . 1846
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
40 California .
Lambertiàna Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 150 N. America 1827
Laricio . . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
caramánica. Apctal 5, H. E v. T.
corsicána . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
subviridis . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
leioph^Ila . Apetal 5, F. Ev. T.
Llaveàna . . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
longifòlia. . Apetal 6, F. Ev. T.
lophospérma Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
macrocàrpa . Apetal 5, 11, Ev. T.
macroph^lla. Apetal 6, H. Ev. T.
madeircnsis . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Massoniàna . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
mitis . . . Ai-etal 5, H Ev. T.
Montczùmse. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
monticòla . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
muriciita 9 . Apetal 5, Ti. Ev. T.
occidentàlis . Apetal 5, F. Ev. T.
80 Corsica. .1814
50 S. Europe . 1820
80 Corsica . . 1814
80
60 Mexico . .
40 Mexico . . 1830
35 Nepal . . 1801
40 California . 1848
40
60 Mexico . . 1839
40 Madeira
40 Japan . .1864
60 N. America 1739
50 Mexico . .
60 California .1831
40 California . 1848
80 St. Domin.
40 Mexico . . 1838
30 Orizaba . . 1845
50 Siberia . . 1820
50 California .
30 Japan .
50 Mcxico .
50 S. Europe
40 Nice . .
60 China .
Ocote 3 . . Apetal 5, F. Ev. T.
Orizabse . . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Pallasiána . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Parryana. . Apetal 5, IÍ. Ev. T.
parviflora . Apetal 5, H. Ev.^T.
pátula . . . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
1826
Pináster . . Apetal 6, li. Ev. T.
1596
Abcrd6ni8e4 Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
1825
chint^nsis . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
^ V ü s ' " : } Apetal 5, H.Ev.T.
40 Gardens
LemoniánaS Apetal 5, H. Ev, T.
40
marítima . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
40
Massoniltna. Apctal 5, II. Ev. T.
40 China
minor , . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
50 France
nepaldnsis . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
60 Nepal
^ Un¿ca6 ]
St'helénica Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 60 St. Helena. 1816
Pinea . . . Apetal 6, H. Ev. T.
americana . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apctal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 60 Mexico
1824
1824
1548
critica .
frágilia .
pondcrôsa
pseudosti-ôbus
. .
pumílio .
Fischbri
Mhghus 7
nàna. .
rubriflôra
pûngens .
pyrcnaica
radiât a .
Royleàna
resinôsa 8
rígida . .
Russelliàna
Sabiniana
serótina .
sinénsis .
spinul6sa
S tro bus .
álba . .
brevifólia
60 S. Europe
60 America .
60 Crete . .
60 S. Europe .
50 N. America 1828
. 1839
1832
20 Europe
20
12 Austria. .
6 Styria . .
15
50 N. America 1804
50 Pyrenees . 1834
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apctal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev, T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T.
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 100 Cahfornia . 1829
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 60 Nepal . .
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 50 N. America 1756
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 50 N. America 1759
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 60 Mexico . . 1839
Apetal 3, H. Ev. T. 100 California . 1832
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 40 N. America 1713
Apetal 5, F. Ev. S. 40 China . . 1825
Apetal 5, H. E v. T. 40 California .
Apetal 4, H. Ev. T. 100 E. America 1705
Apétal 5, H. Ev. T. 100
Apetal 4, H. Ev. T. 100
comprèssa . Apetal 4, H. Ev. T. 100 Floctbcck .
sylvéstris . Apctal 5, H. Ev. T. 80 Scotland .
altaica . . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 80
genevénais. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 80 Geneva .
haguenén- ^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ r^^ g^, Haguen
sis • .
horizontLilis Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 80 Scotland
intermi^dia. Apetal 5, li. Ev. T. 80 Russia .
monophylla Apetal 6, H. Ev. T. 80
rigénsis . . Apctal 5, H. Ev. T. 80 Livonia .
scariòsa . . Apetal H. Ev. T. 80 France .
tortuósa . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 80
uncinàta . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 80 Scotland
1836
1820
1828
1820
Apetal 5, H.
Apctal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
Apctal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
Apctal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H.
Apetal 5, H,
vulgàris
T^da . .
alopecuroidea
Teocòtc .
timo ri én sis
tuberculàta
11 . . .
variabilis. .
Veltchil . .
Williamsòni.
Winches tcriàna
80 Scotland .
30 N. America 1713
30
50 Mexico . . 1826
50 Timor . .
100 Califomìa . 1829
40 N. America 1739
60
50
Ev. T.
Ev. T.
Ev. T.
Ev. T.
Ev. T.
Ev. T.
Ev. T.'
Ev. T.
Ev. T.
Ev. T. 50 Mexico . . 1846
SECT, IL ÀBIES, Tourn. From aheo, to rise ;
in allusion to the aspiring habit of growth
of the tree, or from apios, a pear-tree ; the
cones being like its fruit ; Àbies species of
most authors. Synonymes: 1, Pìnus Abies;
2, A. alba; 3, A, canadensis; 4, A. ceplialonica;
5, A. Douglàsii ; 6, A, Menzièsii ; 7,
A. Qiigra; 8, A. orientàlis ; 9, A. rubra; 10,
A. Smithiàna, A. Morinda; 11, Pìnus religiosa,
T. 50 N. America 1700
S. 15 N. America
T. 60 N. America 1736
T. 60 Cephalonia. 1824
T. 100 N. America 1826
T. 80 N. America
T. 120 N. Europe . 1543
T. 50 Carp. M. .
S. 10
T. 120
T. 100
S. 60
T. 150
T. 30
H Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
H. Ev.
Europe . 1548
Pìcea religiosa.
âlba 2 . . . Apetal 5, H. Ev.
nàna . . . Apetal 5, II. Ev.
canadensis 3 . Apotai 5, II. Ev.
cei>halónica 4 Apetal 5, H. Ev.
Douglàsii 5 . Apetal 5, H. Ev.
taxifòha . Apetal 5, H. Ev.
excélsa 1 . . Apetal 4, H. Ev.
carp;iti(/a . Apetal 4, H. Ev.
commìmis . Apetal 4,
gigântea . Apetal 5,
monstròsa • Apetal 5,
nigra . . Apetal 4,
péndula . Apetal 5,
pygmasa . Apetal 4,
stricta . . Apetal 5,
tcnuifòlia . Apetal 4,
variegàtis . Apetal 4,
jezoénsis . . Apetal 4,
Menzièsii 6 . Apetal 5,
nigra 7 . . Apetal 5,
orientàlis 8 . Apetal 5,
religiósa 11 . Apetal 5,
rhbra 9 . . Apetal 5,
Smithiàna 10 Apetal 5,
SECT. IH. PÌCEA, D. Don. From pix,
pitch ; the trees produce abundance of resin
—Pìcea and Àbies species
of most authors.
Synonymes: 1, Plnits grdndis; 2, P. balsàwea,
Àbies balsamifera ; 3, P. Frasèri, A.
Frasèri; 4, P. grdndis, A. grdndis; 5, P.
nobilis, A. nobilis ; 6, A. Pìcea, A. pectinàta ;
7, P. Pichta, A. Pichta; 8, P. Pindrow ; 9,
P. Pinsàpo ; 10, P. Webbiàna, Finns spectdbilis,
A. Webbiàna,
4
10 FlorenceCt.
30
40 N. Europe .
40 Japan . .184^
50 California . 1831
70 N. America 1700
30 Levant . .1825
T. 100 Mexico . . 1839
T. 50 N. America 1755
T. 50 Kamaon .1818
amábilis 1
balsàmea 2
longifùlia
Frasèri 3 .
grándis 4.
nòbilis 5 .
Nordmanniàna
. Apetal 5, H. Ev T. 30 N. Calif. . 1831
. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 30 N. America 1696
. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 30
. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 150 Pcnnsylv. . 1811
. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 150 N. Calif. . 1831
. Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 60 N. America ISSI
Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 60 California .
1603
1820
1837
1838
1822
pectinàta 6 , Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 100 Germany
Pichta 7 . . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 50 Siberia .
Phidrow 8 . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 100 Kamaon
Pinsàpo 9 . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 100 Spain .
Webbiàna . Apetal 5, H. Ev. T. 90 Nepal .
PipER, Linn. From pippul, a Beugalese name,
OTpepto, to digest. Linn. 2, Or. 3, Nat. Or.
Piperacece, All the species of this interesting
genus flourish in a mixture of loam and peat,
requiring but little water ; they are multiplied
i l'i