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XAN 592 XER
X.
XANTH1UM, Tournefori. From xantlios, yellow
; the plants being formerly used by the
Greeks to dye their hair. Linn. 21, Or. 5, ISTat.
Or. Asteràccoe. Plants of no great beauty. The
seed may be sown in the open border,
canadénse . . Green 7, H. A. 1 N. Ainer.
1700
cathàrticiim . Green 7, H. A. 1 S. Amcr.
1824
macrociirpum . Green 7, H. A. 1 France .
1817
ecMnàticm^ orientale^ S2nnosiim^ Btriimarimn.
XANTIIOCIIVMUS. See Btalagmitis,
XANTHOKIIÌZA, Marsh. From xanthos, yellow,
and rhiza, a root ; the roots being of a deep
yellow colour. Linn. 5, Or. 6, Nat. Or. Rammculàcccc.
An interesting dwarf shrub, succeeding
well in common garden soil, and increased
by suckers. The wood contains both
a gum and a resin, each of which is intensely
bitte z'.
iipiifòlia . , Pur. gi-n. 2, ÏÏ. Ev. S. 3 N. Amer. 1766
XANTHOKRHAA, Swartz. From xantlios. yellow,
and rlieo^ to flow ; yellow resinous exudation.
Linn. 6, Or. 1 ISTat. Or. Liliàcece. These plants
thrive well in a mixture ot peat and loam, and
are increased by offsets from the roots. Synonyme:
1, X . pumîlio.
austràlis . . White 4, G. Ev. S. 3 N. Holl. . 1824
bracteàta . . White 4, G. Her. P. 2 N. S. W. . 1810
hâstilis . . Whi te 4, G. Ev. S. 6 N. S. W. . 1S03
hùmilis 1 . . White 4, G. Her. P. 2 N. Holl. . 1825
mèdia . . . White 4, G. Ev. S. 2 N. Holl. . 1803
minor . . . White 4, G. Her. P. 2 N. S. W. . 1804
XANTHÒSTA, DeCandolle. Yvomxantlios, yellow ;
in allusion to the yellow down witli which
some species belonging to this genus are
clothed. Linn. 5, Or. 2, !N"at. Or. Apiàccce. Yejy
curious under-shrubs, succeeding well in a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and readily
increased by cuttings, or seeds.
hirsîita . . Whi te . 5, G. Ev. S. N". S. W. . 1830
montana . White . 5, G. Ev. S. 1.^ N. S. W. . 1826
rotundifòlia Wht. rd. 6, G. Ev. S. 1J Pt. Jackson 1836
XANTHOSÒMA, Schott. From xanthoSj yellow,
and soma, a body. Linn. 21, Or. 7, Nat. Or.
A ràceoe^ Synonymes : A rum XanthorMzum,
' Galàdium XanthorMzum ; 2, Arum sagiitoe-
• f o l i u m , Calàdiitm sagittcefòlium, A. Xanthorhizon.
Jacquini 1 . . Tel. . 5, S. Ev. S. 4 S. Amer. 1816
sagittsefòlia 2 . White. 5, S. Her. P. 4 W. Ind. . 1710
XANTHOXYLÀCE^ or XANTHOXYLS. Trees and
shrubs, principally found in tropical America ;
they are all puugent and aromatic, and are
popularly called peppers in their native countries.
XANTHÓXTLUM, Linn. From xanthos, yellow,
and xylon, wood ; the roots are yellow. Linn.
22, Or. 5, ITat. Or. Xanthoxylàceoe, Ornamental
trees and shrubs. The hardy species,
from their beauty, are well adapted for planting
in shrubberies. They grow freely in any
common garden soil, and are readily increased
by cuttings of the ripened wood, planted under
a glass. The stove and greenhouse kinds are
of easy culture, and are increased by cuttings,
in sand, under a glass. The bark and capsules
of X fraxîneiim have a hot, acrid taste, and
are used for easing the toothache ; hence the
name Toothache tree. X. Avicénnce and Pi2jéritum
are used in China and Japan as an antidote
against all poisons, and in Japan the capstiles
of the latter species are used as a substitute
for pepper. Synonym-es : 1, Fagàra
Budrûnga; 2, F. Piiierlta ; 3, F. Pterota ;
4 , Sapindtis spinosits ; 5, Evodia triphylla ;
6 , F . tragodes. Se e Fagàra.
acuminatum . Gn wt. 4, S. Ev. S. 8 Jamaica . 1818
armàtum . . Gn.wt. 4, S. Ev. S. 8 E. Ind. . 1815
aromiiticum . Gn.wt. 4, S. Ev. S. 10 W. lud. . 1824
Avicénnae . . Gn.wt. 4, G. Ev. S. 10 China . . 1823
Budrûnga 1 . . Whi te. 3, S. Ev. T. 15 E. Ind.
clàva Hérculis. Gn.wt. 4, G. Ev. S. 10 W. Ind.
emarginàtum . Gn.wt. 4, S. Ev. S. 10 Jamaica
fraxíneum
mite .. . .
nítidum . .
piperìtum 2.
Pteròta ß .
affine . " . .
heterophy]-
lum . .
hermaphroditum
.
1825
1739
- - . 1739
. Gn.wt. 3, H.De. S. 4 N. Amer . . 1759
. Tlwsh. 3, H.De. S. 10 N. Amer . 1818
. Gn.wt. 5, S. Ev, S. 10 China . , 1823
. White. 9, G. Ev. S. 10 Japan . . 1773
. White. 8, S. Ev. T. 10 Jamaica . 1768
. White. 4, G. Ev. S. 6 Mexico . 1826
• Whi te. 9, S. Ev. S. 8 Bourbon . 1823
I White. 8, S. Ev. S. 10 Guiana . 1823
juglandifòlium. White. 6, S. Ev. S. 8 W. Ind. . 1822
sapindoìdes 4 . Whi te. 7, S. Ev. S. 15 Jamaica .
spmòsum . . Whi te. 7, S. Ev. S. 10 Jamaica . 1824
triphyllum . . Whi te. 8, S. Ev. S. 10 Penang . 1820
tragodes 6 . . Whtsh. 6, S. E v. S. 10 St.Domin. 1759
tricàrpum . . Gn.wt. 7, H.De. S. 6 N. Amer . . 1806
XERANTHEMUM, Tournefort. From xeros, dry,
and anthew.on, a flower; alludiug to the dry
nature of the flower, which retains its form and
colo.nr for je^rs. Linn. 19, Or. 2, Nat. Or.
A steràcecB. Plants of the easiest culture in any
rich light soil. See ApheUxis and Phenòcoma.
ánnuiim . . . Purpl e 7, H. A. 2 S. Eur.
inapdrtum . . Purple 7, H. A. 2 S, Eur.
orientale . . White 7, H. A. 2 Levant
eréctum . . . White 6, H. A. 2 Persia
longipappòsum White 6, H. A. 2 Persia
1570
1620
1713
1836
1836
XEROPHYLLUM, Michaux. From xeros, dry, and
fhyllony a leaf ; in reference to the dry grassy
leaves. Linn. 6, Or. 3, Nat. Or. Melanthàcece.
Handsome plants when in flower, and, therefore,
well worth cultivating. They succeed
best in a peat border, and will, if treated with
care, ripen their seeds, from which they may be
increased, as also by dividing the roots. Synonymes
: 1, X setifòlium^ Helonias asphodeloldes
; 2, IL. gramínea ; 3, Yeràtrum SahadUlay
Vellòzia squamata ; 4, Helonias tènax.
asphodeloìdes 1 White 5, H. Her. P. K Amer. 1765
gramíneum 2 . White 5, H. Her. P. 2 N". Amer. 1812
Sabadilla 3 . . White 5, H. Her. P. 2J VeraCruz 1830
tènax 4 . . . White 5, H. Her. P. N. Amer. 1811
XERÒTES; E. Brown. From xerotes, dryness ;
because af the aridity of the herbage. Linn.
22, Or. 6, ITat. Or, Juncàcece. A genus of herbaceous
plants. They succeed well in light rich
soil, and are readily propagated by dividing the
plants at the root. Synonyme: 1, Lomaría
longifòlia^ Lomándra longifìUa.
semula . . Yellow. 6, G. Her. P. N. S. W
arenària. . Wt. gn. e, G. Her. P. 2 N. tiol.
denticulàta. Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P. 1 N. Hol.
echinàta. . Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P. 2 N. Hol.
XTM 593 XYS
filifórmia . Wt. gn. 6, G, Her. P. 1 IST. Hol.
flexifólia . Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P. 1 N. Hol.
gráeilis . . Wt. gn. 6. G. Her. P. Ii N. Hol.
h y s t r i x . . Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P. 2 N. Hol.
Mxa . . . Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P.
1 N. Hol.
longifölia 1. Gn. wt. 6, G. Her. P.
3 N. Hol.
montiXna . Gn. wt. 6, G. Her. P. _1
N. Hol.
mucronata . Gn. wt. 6, G. Her. P. N. Hol.
rígida . . Gn. wt. 6, G. Her. P. N. Hol.
XiMENiisiA, Cavanilles. In honour of Joseph
Ximenes, a Spanish apothecary. Linn. 19,
Or. 2, ISTat. Or. Asteracece. Interesting plants,
of common culture. Synonymes: 1, Coreöpsis
1824
1824
1823
1824
1823
1796
1824
1824
1791
heteropliylla; 2, Simsia fieifolia. See Echinäcea.
1820
1826
1795
1824
1827
Cavanill^aü 1 . Y^el. 8, H. B. 2 Mexico
cordata . . . Yel. 9, G. Her. P. 2^ Mexico
enceloidcs . . Yel. 8, G. Her. P. Mexico
fdetida 2 . , . Yel. 8, H. A. 2 Mexico
lieterophylla . Yel. 7, H. A. 2 Mexico
X l M Í i N l A , Linn. In honour of Francis Ximenes,
a Spanish monk, who wrote a work upon medicinal
plants. Linn. 8, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Olacacece.
A mixture of loam and peat suits these
plants, and cuttings root readily in sand, under
a glass, in heat. The drupes of X americana
have a sweet, aromatic taste, but are a little
rough to the palate. They are eaten in Senegal
; the flowers are very sweet. Synonymes:
1 , GUa lanceolata, Selas lanceolata; 2, GUa
oblongißlia.
americána . Gnsh.yel. 4, S. Ev. T. 20 W. Ind. . 1759
inérmis . . White . 6, S. Ev. T. 35 Jamaica. 1810
lanceolata 1 . Yel. . . 4, G. Ev. S. 12 China . 1820
oblongifölia 2 Wht. grn. 6, G. Ev. S. 12 Australia 1829
XlPHÍDiüM, Loeßing. From xipthos, a sword;
the leaves are sword-shaped. Lhin. 3, Or. 1,
Kat. Or. llmmodoracem. An equal mixture of
loam, peat, and sand suits these species, and
they are readily increased by division of the
roots. Synonymes: 1, X álbidum, álbum,
cáriileum, gigánteicm, íxia XipMdium.
álbum . . White . 6, S. Pler. P. 1¿ W. Ind.
coíruleum . Blue . . 6, S. Her. P. H G-uiana
gigánteum. White . 5, Ö. Her. P. S. Amer.
floribúndum
1.
1787
1793
1856
. 1823
. 1820
. 1825
. 1824
- Whte.bl. 5, S. Her. P. S. Amer. . 1856
X i P n d P T E R l S , K a u l f u s s . From xijMos, a sword,
and pteris, fern ; form of the fronds ; hence
Sword Fern. Linn. 24, Or . 1, N a t . Or. Polypodiacem.
Ornamental plants. For culture
and propagation, Polypodium. Synonymes:
1 , Grdmmitis heterophylla, Po l y p M i n m grammitoides
; 2, Grdmmitis serrulata.
heterophylla 1 Brown 6, G. Her. P. i N. Hol. . 1824
myosuroides . Bn. yl. 6, S. Her. P. } W. Ind. . 1824
serrulata 2 . Brown 6, S. Her. P. i W. Ind. . 1823
XYLARIA, H i l l . From xijlon, wood, in allusion
to the situations in which they grow. This
genus was formerly included in Sph93iia.
Linn. 24, Or. 9, ISTat. Or. Helvelldce(B~alutdcea,
capitata, digitdta, gracilis,^ hypoxylon,
cupressifdrr)iis, polymorpha, punctata,
XYL5BIUM. See Maxilldria.
XYL5MA, Pers. From xylon, wood, and loma, a
fringe, or margin. Linn. 24, Or. 9, Nat Or.
Lycoperdacece.. Small fungi growing on living
t r e e s , — a c e r h i m n , toncdvum^ Gerdnii, fagineum,
populinum, pezizoideum, salicinum, salignum.
XYLOMI^LUM, Smith. From xylon, wood, and
melon, an apple ; appearance of the fruit of the
plant. Linn. 4, Or 1, Nat Or. Proteàceoe. For
culture and propagation, see Hàkea. Synonyme:
1, Ildlcea pyrifbrmis. .
pyriforme 1 . Wîiite 5, G. Ev. T. 14 N. S. W. . 1789
XYLOPHYLLA, LÂnn. From xylon, wood, and
phyllon, a leaf ; rigidity of the leaves. Linn,
21, Or. 10, Nat. Or. Eupthorbiàceoe. Ornamental
shrubs, growing about three feet high.
For culture and propagation, see Phyllânthus.
Synonymes: 1, Phyllânthus angiistifolius, epiphylldnthus;
% P . f a l c d t u s ; 3, P . l a t i f b lhi s ;
4 , P . linearis ; 5, P . ceramicus ; 6, P . arhûscula.
angustifôlia 1. Yel. red 7, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1789
elongata . . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1820
falcata 2 . . Yel. red 7, S. Ev. S. 3 Baham. Is. 1G99
latifolia 3 . . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1783
linearis 4 . . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1819
longifólia 5 . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 E. Ind. . 1816
m^dia . . . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1825
montana . . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1819
obovàta . . Yel red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Siberia . 1806
ramiilora . . Yel. red 8, S. Ev. S. 3 Siberia . 1785
speci6sa6 . . Yel. red9, S. Ev. S. 3 Jamaica . 1818
XYL5PIA, Linn. Abridged from xylopicron,
which is from xylon, wood, and yicros, bitter ;
the wood of some of the species is extremely
bitter. Linn 13, Or. 6, Nat. Or. Anonàceoe.
Oruamental plants ; for culture and propagation,
see Phyllânthus. The wood of X . glabra
is so intensely bitter, that a quantity of sugar
sent from Jamaica in hogsheads made from
it, was so bitter that purchasers could not be
found. A decoction of the wood is said to
be of service in colic, and to be used for the
purpose of creating an appetite.
frutéscens . S. Ev. S. 6 Guiana . . 1823
o-lábra . . S. Ev. S. 20 Jamaica . . 1820
muricàta . . S. Ev. S. 6 W. Ind. . . 1779
XYLOPÎCRON. See Carissa Xyloplcron.
S e e Zlzyphus Xylopprus.
S e e Lonicera,
XYLOP^RUS.
XYLÓSTEUM.
XYRIDICBÍE or XYRIDS. A small group of herbaceous
sedges, natives of the warmer parts of
the world. They are not possessed of much
beauty.
X^Ris, Linn. From xyros, acute ; the leaves
terminate in points. Linn. 3, Or, 1, Nat. Or.
Xyridàceoe. Curious rush-like plants. For
culture and propagation, see Xerotes.
altissima .
americána
bracteàta .
brevifòlia .
gracilis
júncea . .
fevis . .
opercnlàta
ánceps
capénsis .
Carolinian a
índica . .
Yel. . 9. G. Her. P. J N. Hol.
Blue. 8, H. Her. P. h Guiana
Yel. . 7, G. Her. P. 1 N. Hol.
Yel. . 7. H. Her. P. ^ Carolina
Yel. . 7, G. Her. P. ^ N. Hol.
Yel. . 7, G. Her. P. 1 N. PIol.
Yel. . 7, S. Her. P. H N. I-Iol.
Yel. . 6, S. Her. P. 1 N. S. W.
Yel. . 5, S. Her. P.
Yel. . 5, G. Her. P.
Yel. . 5, G. Her. P.
Yel. . 5, S. Her. P.
Yel. . 6, G. Her. P.
i Malabar
^ C. G. H.
1 N.Amer.
I E. Ind.
1826
1825
1825
1812
1821
1822
1819
1804
1824:
1822
1812
1822
Púr shi l 1 N. Amer. 1825
XYSMALÒBIUM, Brown. From xysma, a thread,
and lobos, a pod ; in reference to the follicles
being clothed with ramenta. lAnn. 5, Or. 2,
Nat. Or. Asclepiadacem, For culture and propagation,
iiee AscUpias. Synonyme: 1, AscUpias
undulàta.
grandiñbrum . Pur. . 7, G. Ev. S. 1 C. G. H. . 1823
undulàtum 1 . Green 7, G. Ev. S. 1 C. G. H.
Q Q
. 1783