F E A 242
í¡
; II 'I
I t i '
h
i )l
il
in a Avarm sheltered situation, Avith a slight
protection in severe weather. They can only
be increased by seeds.
a p p e n d i c u l à t a . Purple 7, H. Her. P. 3 Chile .1830
ramósa . . . White 7, II. Her. P. 2 Chile . 1831
sonchifòlia . . Purple 7, li. Her. P. Chile . 1830
FKANCOAGE^E, or FRANCOADS, Ilerbaceons
plants without stems. All hitherto discovered
are natives of Chili. The species are used in
medicine and as dyes.
FRANCCEÌJRIA, -De CandoUe. See Inula,
FRANGULA, Tourmfort. See FJiamnus.
FRANKÈNIA. Named by Linnceus in honour of
John Frankenius, professor of botany at Upsal,
who died in 1661. Linn. 6, Or. 1, Kat. Or.
Fmnlceniaccce. Truly beautiful, little evergreen
shrubs or herbs. The hardy kinds are
particularly well adapted for ornamenting
rock-work, or they may be grown in small
pots, and placed among the alpine plants. The
greenhouse species should be placed on the
front shelf in winter. All the species grow
well in loam, peat, and sand, with the pots
well drained ; they are easily increased by cuttings
planted in sand, under a glass, by seeds,
or divisions of the roots. Synonyines : 1, /usinda;
2, liirsùta.
corymbùsa . . Red . 7, H. Ev. Tr. J Barbary . 1S19
ericifòlia
hirstita 1 .
intermedia 2
là^vis. . .
móllis . .
nodiflòra .
Nóthria. .
pauciflòra
- • . Red . 7, G. Ev. Tr. k Canaries 1816
. Li. blue 7, H. Ev. Tr. i Siberia . 1789
. White . 7, H. Ev. Tr. i S. Eur. . 1817
. Flesh . 7, H. Ev. Tr. ^ Eng., salt m.
. Red . 7, H. Ev. Tr. I Caucasus 1824
. Flesh . 6, G. Ev. Tr. i C. G. H. 1818
. Flesh . 7, H. Ev. Tr. ^ C. G. H. 1816'
. Pink . 7, G. Ev. Tr. i N. HoU. 1824
pulverulóuta . Red . 7, H. Tr. A. I Eng., com.
FRANKENIICE^ , or FEAKKENIADS. Herbaceous
plants or small undershnibs. They form
but a small order, and are but little used in
their native countries for any domestic purposes.
FRANKINCENSE of Indian temples. See Baisamodèndron
and Boswéllia tJiurlfera,
FRANKINCENSE. See Plnus Tceda.
FRANZÈRIA, Gavanilles. In honour of Antony
Eranzer, a botanist. Linn. 21, Or. 5, Nat. Or.
Asteràcece. Greenhouse shrubs of no interest.
They grow in peat and loam, and may be increased
by cuttings — amhrosioides^ artemisioldcs.
FRASÈRA. JMichaux dedicated this genus in
honour of John Eraser, an indefatigable collector
of ITorth American plants. Linn. 4, Or.
1, ISTat. Or. Gentianàcece, A very curious little
plant, found in the morasses of ITorth America,
and successfully cultivated in peat soil, and
increased by seeds or divisions. The root of
this plant is a pure and excellent bitter. Synonyme:
1, Walteri.
carolinénsis 1 . Grn. ycl. 7, H. P. 4 Carolina . 1795
FRAXINI^LLA . See Dictdinnus Fraxinélla.
FRAXINXJS, Linn. From a separation ;
the wood is used in making hedges. Linn. 23,
Or. 2, ISTat. Or. Oleàcea^. Most of the species
are large-growing trees, well suited for plantations.
F. excéldoT is one of the most useful of
our native timber trees ; its wood is much used
by coachmakers, wheelwrights, and for many
F R A
implements used in husbandly. Any of the
kinds may be increased by budding or grafting
on the common ash, but they are most frequently
raised from seeds, which do not vegetate
till the second year. The bark of several
of the species yields a concrete discharge called
manna, which is a sweet and gentle purgative.
Synonymes: 1, discolor; 2,crispa; simplicifòlia\
4, caroliniàna, siibserràta ; 5, Bòscii ;
Q, Fraximts nana \ nigra; S, excélsior verrlicósa.
See Òrmos and Pterocàrya.
acuminata . Green 5. H. De. T. 50 N. Amer. . 17-23
d l b a . . . . Green 5, H, De. T. 30 N. Amer. . 1823
amarissima . Green 5, H. De. T. 20
americana . Green 5, H. De. T. 25 IST. Amer. . 1723
latifòlia . . Green 5, H. De. T. 25
angustifòlia . Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Spain . . 1825
appéndica. . Green 5, H. De. T. 25
appendiculàta Green 5, H. De. T. 25
argéntea
Green 6, H, De. T. 15 Corsica . .
1825
atrovli-ens
Green 5, H. De. S. 6 Brit., gards.
aìirea . .
Green 4, H. De. T. 20 Brit., gards.
carohniàna
cinérea. .
cúrvidens.
1783
1824
1811
dipétala .
cllíptica .
epíptera 1
excélsior 2
argéntea
aîirea. .
atirea-péndula.
.
erósa . .
fungósa .
Green 6, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
Green 5, H. De. T. 40 N. Amer.
. Green 4, H. De. T. 20 Carolina
. Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Mexico .
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 70 Brit., woods.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Brit., gards.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Brit., gards.
• Green 4, H. De. T. 20 Britain . Gards.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Brit., gards.
. Green 5, H. Do. T. 25 Brit., gards.
1825
1823
horizon talis Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Brit., gards.
jaspidea . Green 5, H. De. T. 30 Gardens.
Kincaìrnise. Green 4, H. De. T. 40 Kincairney
lùtea . . . Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Britain, gards.
nàna . . . Green 5, H. De. T. 10 Brit., gards.
péndula . . Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Brit., gards.
striata . . Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Brit., gards.
vei-ticillàris. Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Brit., gards.
expánsa . . Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer. . 182 i
fúsca . . . Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer. . 1823
heterophylla3 Green 5, H. De. T. 30 Eng., woods.
variegata . Green 4, H. De. T. 25 Ireland, gards.
juglandifòlia. Green 5, H. De. T. 40 N. Amer. . 17S3
subinte- ) ^ . ^^ ^q Carolina .
gerrima 4 ) '
"" Green 4, H. De. T. 25 N. Amer.
Green 5, H. De. T. 35 N. Amer.
Green 5, H. De. T. 6 Aleppo .
Green 6, 3Í. De. T. 6 Germany
Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
Green 5, H. De. T. 20
macrophylla . Green 5, H. De. T. 40
mexicana . . Green 4, H. De. T. 30 Mexico .
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 Brit., woods.
. Green 6, H. De. T. 6
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 ÎST. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 JST. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Caucasus
. Green 5, H. De. T. 20 S. Europe
. Green 5, II. De. T. 30 N". Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 Carolina
. Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Levant .
. Green 5, H. De. T. 40 N. Amer.
^fòlS^e'''" ] ^^
pubéscens 7 . Green 4, H. De. T. 25 N. Amer,
latifòlia . . Green 5, H. De. T. 20 Gardens,
longifòlia . Green 5, H. De. S. 20 N. Amer. . 1812
subpubés- I ^ jj^ jy^ T. 20 Gardens,
cens. . ) '
pulverulenta. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer,
quadrangii- ) ^ rj.^ 35
lata . . j
nervósa . . Green 5, H. De. T. 35
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer.
laciniata
lancea . .
lentiscifòlia
péndula .
longifòlia .
lùcida . .
mixta . .
monstròsa
ntinaô . .
nìgi'a . .
ovata . .
oxycàrpa .
oxyphylla
pàllida. .
jpannòsa .
j^arvifòlia .
platycàrpa
Kichàrdi .
rubicúnda
r u f a . . .
1820
1710
1833
1824
1823
1825
1824
1825
1815
1821
1820
1822
1S20
1812
1811
1824
1822
1824
1822
F E A 2 4 3 mo
sambucifòlia. Green 5, H. De. T. 30 N. Amer. . 1800
crispa . . Green 5, H. De. T. 30 Gardens,
tamariscifòlia Green 4, 11. De. T. 20 Levant . .
verrucòsa 8 . Green 5, H. De. T. 60 Eng., woods.
péndula . . Green 5, H. De. T. 40 Eng., gards.
versicolor . . Green 5, H. De. T. 25 Brit., gards.
virens . . . Green 5, H. De. T. 20
variegata . Green 4, H. De. T. 20
viridis . . . Green 5, H. Dc. T. 30 N. Amer. . 1824
FRAZÈRA. See Frasèra.
FREE, apart from each other, not connected together.
FREE STONE and CLING STONE FRUIT. Stone
fruit, as peaches, plums, &c., are so called
when the stone containing the kernel separates
or adheres to the ñesh of the fruit.
FRENCH BEANS. See Phasèoliis vulgaris.
FRENCH BERRIES. See Rhdmnns infectoriiLS and
saxéttilis.
FRENCH HONEYSUCKLE. See Iledysarum coronàrium.
FRENCH MARIGOLD. See Tagetes lodtida,
FRENCH MUSHROOM. See Agdrieus Pritmdns.
FRENCH OAK. See Catalina longissima.
FRENCH SORREL. See Rùmex.
FRENCH TURNIP. See Brdssica Nàpus esculènta.
FRENÈLA, Mirh. ISTanied in honour of M. Frenel,
member of the Academy of Sciences, Paris.
Linn. 21, Or. 8, Nat. Or. Pinhcem. These are
handsome trees, growing from twenty to thirty
feet high, but being natives of N. Holland
they are not hardy. Sandy loam and peat
suits them, and increase is by cuttings and
seeds. Byiionymes : 1, TJmja austràlis, cu-
^réssus austràlis, Cállitris austràlis ; 2, Q.
fniticòsa, C. oblonga; 3, O. rhomhoìdea; 4, C.
cupressifòrmisy cnpréssus austràlis, C. triqiietra^
Cyarticiilàta, IiuiiperiLS Gimningliàmia.
austrìilis 1 . Apetal 5, G. Ev. T. 20 N. HoU. .
fruticósa 2 . Apetal 4, G. Ev. S. 6 N. Holl. .
rhomboìdea 3 Apetal 4, G. Ev. T. 20 N. Holl. . 1822
triquetra 4 . Apetal 5, G. Ev. T. 20 N. Holl. . 1824
FREYCIKÈTIA, Gaud. In honour of Gapt. Freycinet,
a French circumnavigator. Linn. 22,
Or. 12, Nat. Or. Pandanàcece. Tree-like
plants, often sending out roots from their
stems. Some of the species have a climbing
habit. All are ornamental, and may be g]'own
• in sandy loam and peat, and increased by cuttings.
S. Ev. T. 25 Norfolk I. .
S. Ev. T. 18 Java . . .
S. Ev. T. 15 Java . . .
, White 4,
. White 4,
. White 4,
Baueriana.
imbricilta .
jav^nica .
FREYLINIA, G. Bon. See Caprdria.
FREZI^^RA, Swartz. learned in compliment to
A. F. Frezier, a French traveller in Chili and
the South Sea. Linn. 13, Or. 1, N'at. Or.
Ternstromidcece. An ornamental, tall-growing
• tree, with the liabit of Laurus. It requii-es to
be grown in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat;
and the cuttings take, when planted in sand,
under a glass, in heat. Synonyme: 1, Erotirnn
thceoides.
thieoides . . White 5, S. Ev. T. 20 Jamaica . 1818
FRIAR'S BALSAM is a tincture prepared from a
gum-resin obtained from the St'^rax Benzoin.
FRIAR'S-COWL. See Arisdrum.
FRI^SIA, Be Gandolle. In honour of the celebrated
cryptogamic botanist, Elias Fries, LI.D.,
professor of botany in the university of Lund.
Linn, 11, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Malvàcece. An ornamental
shrub, from three to six feet high ;
it grows freely -in a mixture of turfy loam and
peat, and ripened cuttings will root without
difficulty in a pot of sand. Synonyme; 1,
Elmocdrpus pedunculàris.
pedunculàta 1 . AVhite 6, G. Ev. S. 6 V. D. L. . 1818
FRIESLAND OAT. A large variety of the common
oat {Avena sativa).
FRINGED VIOLET of ISfew Holland. See Thy sanòtics.
FRINGED, having a border like a fringe.
FRINGE-TOOTHED, the border toothed so as to
appear fringed.
FRINGE-TREE. See Ghiondntlius.
FRITILLÀRIA, Linn. From fritillus, a chessboard
; alluding to the chequered sepals of the
flowers. Linn. 6, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Liliàcece.
These plants have very singular and showy
flowers. They all succeed well in a sandy
soil, in the open ground, and may be increased
b y offsets. Synonyines : 1, lAlium Kamscliat-
Mnse ; 2, F. latifòlia minor; 3, pyrenaica ;
4, meUdgris dlha; 5, Lilium püdicum ; 6, F.
racemosa; 7, F. racemosa vilnor; 8, F. tulipifòlia.
See Lilium.
White 5, H. Bl. P. 1 N. Amer. . '
Copper r, H. Bl. P. 1 Mexico . . 1830
Dk.yel. 4, H. Bl. P. 4 Persia . . 159G
Or. red 4, H. Bl. P. 4 Gardens .
YeUow 4, H. Bl. P. 4 Persia . . 159G
Yellow 4, H. Bl. P. 4 Gardens .
álba. . .
cuprea . .
imperiàlis
aurántia .
flàva . .
flàva-plèna
gl'oca 8 Pur.gr. 4, H. Bl. P. 4 Mt.Hymet. 1857
Mt.Elburg. 1844
Persia . . 1596
Kotschyàna YLpiir. 4, H. Bl. P. 4
rubra . . Red . 4, H. Bl. P. 4
rùbra-pl^na Bed . 5, H. Bl. P. 4 Gardens .
scándens . Yellow 4, H. Bl. P. 4 Siberia . . 1827
^ Kamtschat. 1759
1604
1822
1825
1812
Red . 5, H. Bl. P. 4 Gardens
Dk. pr. 5, H. Bl. P.
Red . 5, H. BL P. 1 Caucasus
White 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Siberia .
Br. pur. 6, H. Bl. P. 1 Spain .
Yellow 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Caucasus
Purple 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Britain.
Purple 4, H. Bl. P. 1 Gardens
meleagroides Purple 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Siberia .
messaniinsis . Br. pur. 6, H. Bl. P. 1 Italy .
Pr.spo. 4, H. Bl. P. 1 Altai Mts.
Dk.pur.5, H. Bl. P. U Caucasus
Yl.pm-. 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Pyrenees
Br.pur. 4, H. Bl. P. 1 Caucasus
Pur.lil. 4, F. Bl. P. ^ Kamaon
YeUow 4, H. Bl. P. 1 Longaria
Brown 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Persia ,
Brown 5, H. Bl. P. J Persia .
White 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Europe .
Pur.yl. 5, H. Bl. P. 1 N. Amer.
Dkptir.C, H. Bl. P. IJ
Purple 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Caucasus
Purple 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Caucasus
Br.pur. 5, H. Bl. P. 1 Crimea .
Purple 4, H. Bl. P. 1 Crimea .
See Fritilldria.
FROG-BIT. See Eydrocharis.
FROG-ORCHIS. See Gymnadenia viridis.
FROG-WORT, or CROW-FOOT. See Ranimculus.
FROL5VIA, Be Gandolle. In honour of M. Frolow,
a Eussian botanist. Linn. 19, Or. 4, ^at.
Or. A sterdcecB. Synonyme: Saussurea Frolovia.
lyrata 1 . . Sulphur . 9, H. Her. P. 2 Altaia . 1834
FRONDS are not leaves, but a combination of
leaves and stems, as in many algals and liverworts,
and also the leaves of palms and ferns.
R 2
variegata
lanceolata 1
latifòlia .
leucántha.
lusitánica.
lùtea . .
meleàgris .
multiplex
minor . .
nervosa 2 . '
nigra 3
obliq\Ta
oxyp étala
pallidifl5ra
pérsica. .
mínima .
práícox 4 ,
púdica 5 .
pyrenaica 6
ruthénica .
tenélla 7 .
tulipifôlia.
verticillàta
FRITILLARY.
1824
1825
1830
1826
1596
1853
1849
1596
1596
1824
1605
1826
1826
1822
1823
% s 5