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ART 50 A R U
A hsinthium^ âlbida, ambìgua^ micihifòlia^ ánima^
armeniaca, arragonénsisj Bcdsáviita, hiénnis,
caniphoràta, campéstris, c. alpina^ chía,
canadénsis, canéscmis, caucásica, caudata, chamoemelifôliaj
coarctàta, crithmifòlia, descrtòrum
2, draciinculoìdcs 3, fascicolata^ fràcjrans, gnaphalioìdesj
licròàcea, hirsuta, hispánica, hiìmilis
4, incìsa, inculta, inodóra 5, insipida, integrifòlia,
japónica, laciniata, longifòlia, mexicana,
mollîssima, monogpna, montevidénsis,
neglécta, nùtans, odorantissima, palûstris, parmflòra,
paioeijihra, procera, procûmbcns, serràta,
Sieversiàna, sicbcanéscens, tcnacctifòiia^ viridifolia,
milgaris.
ARTIIÒNIA. The meaning imexplaincd. Linn.
Or. 8, Nat. Or. Gra'pliidaceoe, Curious
species, growing fiDm a quarter of an inch to
three inches high, and found cliielly on the
bark of oki trees.—astrdidea, iliclna, impolita,
lùrida, lincea, oòscùra, Swartziàna.
ARTHRÍTICUS, gouty, swollen.
ARTHROPLIFLLUM, Boj. See PMjllàrthron. The
Arthropliyllum of Blume is a genus of Araliaceous
j^lants of no great beauty, all natives of
Java ; but no sj^ecies has yet, that we are
aware of, been introduced. The name is derived
from artJiron, a joint, and phyllon, a
leaf; in reference to the jointed leaf-stalks.
Linn. 5, Or, 1, ÌTat. Or. Aralihceoe—but the
genus so named by I^ojer belongs to Crescentiàceoe,
and is referred to Phyllarthron.
ARTHROPÓDIUM, R . Brown, Derived from
arthron, a joint, and poiis, a foot ; the footstalks
of the flowers being jointed. Linn. 6,
Or. 1, JSTat. Or. Liliàceoe. Some species of
this genus are very pretty, as A. minus and
Jimhriatum; others are ornamental; and the
whole succeed in sandy loam and peat, and
increase freely by divisions or seeds. Synonymes
: 1, A. minus; 2, Anthéricmnijéndidum.
See Stypândra,
cirràtiim . . Wht. 6, G. Her. P. 3 N. Zealand 1821
fimbriàtum . Wht. r, G. Her. P. IJ N. Holland 1822
minus . . . Wht. 7, G. Her. P. N. Holland 1823 '
panicuUUum 1 Wht. 8, G. Bl. P. 3 N. S. Wales 1800
pendulum 2 . Wht. 7, G. Her. P. Tcneriffe . 1816
ARTHROSTÉMMA, Pavón, '^rom arthron, a joint,
and stemon, a stamen ; their stamens or connectives
being jointed. Linn. 8, Or. 1, Nat
Or. Melastomàceoe. Beautiful plants, growing
about two feet high, with rose or lilac-coloured
flowers ; they grow in loam, mixed with a little
peat, and increase from cuttings. Synonyme :
1, Rhéxia versicolor.
fràgile . . Rose pur. 7, S. Ev. S. 2 Mexico . . 1816
versicolor . Pink . . 8, S. Ev. S. 2 Brazil . . 1825
nítidum . Pa. lilac . 7, G. Ev. S. 2 B. Ayres . 1830
ARTICHOKE. See Oynara.
ARTICULATE, I • • . j I • • • ,
ARTICULATED, p^^^^^ed, having joints.
ARTICULATIONS, the places where one thing is
jointed with another.
ARTOCARPÀCEÌE. An order separated from Urticacece,
including the Bread-fruit {Artocàrpics),
the Bread-nut {Brôsimum) ; all the species
abound in milky juice, and in some cases is
rich and wholesome, as in the Galactodénclron •
in others, however, it is extremely poisonous,
as in the U2)as poison (Antiàris toxicària),
ARTOCÀRPUS, Linn. From artos, bread, and
carpos, fruit ; in allusion to the well-known
name and uses of the bread-fruit. Linn. 21,
Or. 1, Eat. Or. Artocarioàcem. To this genus
belongs the bread-fruit tree of the South Sea
Islands. They are diíücult to cultivate in this
country ; a light rich loamy soil is best adapted
to them. Sweet says, they have been generally
treated too tenderly, and not allowed
suííicient air. They appear to be of the same
nature as the fig, to which they are nearly allied.
Large cuttings root freely in a ])ot of
sand, plunged under a hand-glass, in a moist
heat, with all their leaves entire ; if the leaves
are shortened, it is a great chance if they succeed."
For further particulars respecting this
very valuable genus, see London's Encyclo2:)aidia
of Plants,
incìsa . . . Wht. grn. 6, S. Ev. T. 50 S.Se.als. 1793
nucífera . . Wht. grn. 6, S. Ev. T. 60 E. Ind. . 1793
intogi-ifòlia . Wht. grn. 6, S. Ev. T. 60 E. Ind.. 1778
heterophj^lla Wht. giii. 6, S. Ev. T. 60 E. Ind. . 1778
ARUM, Linn. Formerly a7-on, supposed to be an
ancient Egyptian word. Linn. 21, Or. 9, Nat.
Or. Aràceoi. This genus contains some very
handsome species, while others are only useful
on account of their medicinal qualities ; the
llov/ers have generally a very disagreeable
smell, hence they are not favourites ; "they all
succeed in common soil, and increase with
little trouble from offsets. Synonymes : 1, Biàrum
graraineiLvi ; 2, B. tcnuifolium. See also
Acóntias, Aglaonèma, Ambrosínia, Amorpìwpliállus,
Anthcrùriis, Arisàma, Arisàrum,
Biàrum, Calàdiiim, Colocàsia, Cryptoc.òryne,
Dieffenbdchia, Drctcúnciihts, Monkèra, Peltundra,
Philodéndron, Remusaiia, Swuromàtum,
Syngònium, Typlionium and Xanthòsoma.
àtro-rùbens . . J B r a . . 7, H. Her. P. 1 N. Amer. 1758
divaricàtum . . Grn. . 7, S. Tu. P. 2 E. Ind. . 1759
Brn. . 6, S. Her. P. 1 Bengal . 1819
. 6, H. Her. P. 3 Maunt. . 1823
.6, Epiphy. 6 W. Ind. . 1793
. S. Ev. S. 4 China . 1824
Lt.yel. 6, IT. Her. P. l i Italy . Ifl83
Grn. . 6,S. m. S. 3 . 1825
S. Her. P. 2 E. Ind. . 1820
S. Tu. P. 2 E. Ind. . 1803
7, S. Tu. P. -IE. Ind. . 1802
S. Her. P. 2 . 1824
. 6, H. Her. P. 1 Tauria . 1820
H. Her. P. H . 1S25
S. Her. P. 1 E. Ind. . 1818
H. Her. P. 2 Corsica . 1800
S. Her. P. 1 S.Amer . 1818
. 6, S. Ev. S. 3 . 1810
. 6, G. Her. P. ^ Japan . 1800
. Pur. . 6, S. Her. P. 1 Brazil . 1835
, Wht. . 6, H. Her. P. 1 S. Eur. . 1570
. Brn. . 6, H. Her. P. | X. Amer. 1664
.Brn. .6, H. Her. P. 1 N.Ainer. 1664
. Pur. . 3, S. Her. P. 1-1 . 1794
•flagellifòrme.
gramíneum 1
liederàceuna .
índícum . .
itálicum . .
integrifòlium
marginatum.
macrorhìzon.
miníitum . .
obtusilòbum.
orientále . .
palmátum ,
pentaphyllum
píctum . .
polyphyllum
ramòsum . .
ríngens . .
sarmentòsum
tenuifòlium 2
triphyllum .
zebrìnum .
venòsum . .
Brn.
Pur.
Brn.
. Gm.
. Pur.
maciilatum.
ARUNCUS. See Spirdsa Arunous.
A RUNDiNA, Blume. From arundo, a reed ; resemblance
of the stems. Linn. 20, Or. 1,
Nat. Or. Orchiddcem. These slender-stemmed
plants produce flowers almost equal in size and
beauty to Cattleya. They require the orchidaceous
stove ; and on account of the sinalliiess
A ß U 51 ASC
of their pseudo-bulbs, their season of rest
must not be a very dry one, their native
habitat being well- shaded places ; during
growth, they should be watered liberally, and
are readily increased by division. Synonyme :
1, Cymbidium bamhusifòlium.
bambusifòlia 1. Purple . 1, S. Epi. Nepal. . 1839
chinénsis . . . 5, S. Epi. China. . 1844
dènsa . . . . Ro.vio. . 3, S. Epi. Singapore 1S40
ARUNDINICEA, reed-like.
ARUNDINÀRIA, Michaux. An alteration of the
word arundo, a reed. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Nat.
Or. Graminàcem. These plants are only fit for
general collections ; their culture is simple, and
young plants are obtained from seeds. Synonymes:
1, Ludàlpliia glaucéscens, Pdniciim
glaucéscens.
glauciscens 1 . Apetal . 6, Grass. 10 E. Ind. . 1818
macrospérma . Apetal . 6, Grass. 10 N. Amer. 1809
ARÙNDO, Bcauvois. An ancient name of doubtful
origin, supposed by some to be from the
Latin arundo, a reed ; and by a recent author
to be from the Celtic arii^ water. Linn. 3, Or.
2, JSTat. Or. Gramioiàcem. These are mere weeds.
A. Donax, var. versicolor^ is regarded by some
on account of its striped leaves. A. Dònax is
grown in France and Italy for fishing-rods,
fence-wood, training vines to, &c. See Calamagròstis,
Lanthònia, DégraiMs, Phragmìtes^
Pòa, and Psdmma.
Dònax . . Apetal . . 7, Grass. 10 S. Eur. . 1648
versicolor. Apetal . . 7, Grass. 3 S. Eur. . 1648
festucàcea^ tènax.
ASAFCETIDA, See Ferula.
ASAGR^A, Lindley. In compliment to Dr. Asa
Gray, the author of a Treatise upon Korth
American Melantìiàcece. Linn. 6, Or. 3, JSTat.
Or. Melanthacem. A plant of but little beauty.
The culture and propagation is similar to that
of Tigridia. Synonym.es : 1, Relonias officinalis
; 2, Yeràtrum officinale.
officinàhs . White . 9, F. Bl. P. 1 Vera Cruz. 1837
ASARABACCA. See Asarum.
ASARÌNA. See Antirrhinum Asarina.
ASARUM, Linn. From a, privative, and saron,
feminine ; the application of the term unexplained.
Linn, 11, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Aristolocìiiàcem.
This is a remarkable genus of dwarf
plants, on account of their curious flowers,
which are frequently overlooked among the
leaves ; it is best to plant them near the front
of borders, on account of their dwarf character
; any common soil suits them, and portions
of the root make young plants. The leaves
and roots of A. euroyòium are emetic, cathartic,
and diuretic.
arifòlium . . Brown
canadénse . Brown
europium . Purj)le
grandiiòlium Brown
virginicum . Brown
ASCARICÌDA, Cassini.
mon practice for stove annuals. Synonymes:
1, Vernònia anthelmintica ; 2, F. triplinérvia.
anthelmintica 1 Purple 8, S. A. 1 E. Ind. . 1770
triplinérvia 2 . Purple 11, S. A. 1 BrazU. . 1825
ASCENDENT, ) at first trailing on the ground,
ASCENDING, J then rising erect, forming a
curve.
Asci, small tubes, which contain the sporules of
cryptogamous plants.
ASCÌGEROUS, having asci.
ASCLÌ^PIAS, Linn. The Greek- name of the ^sculapius
6, H. Her. P. ^ N. Amer. 1823
6, H. Her. P. f Canada . 1713
6, I-r. Her. P. % Eng. . .wds.
5, H. Her. P. \ N. Amer. 1820
5, H. Her. P. f Virginia 1759
Derived from ascaris, an
of the Latins. Linn. 5, Or. 2, JSTat
Or. Asclepiadmem. This is a genus of tallgrowing
herbaceous and shrubby plants, which
thrive best in peat, or any very light soil.
They require a good deal of room to show their
characters, and are readily propagated by seeds,
or dividing the roots. A. syriaca is very odoriferous,
and in Oa-nada, when in flower, charms
the traveller, especially when passing through
woods in the evening. The l^'rench there eat
the tender shoots in spring, as we do asparagus.
The natives make a sugar of the flowers, gathering
them in the morning, when they are covered
with dew, and collect the cotton from the pods
"to fill their beds. On account of the silkiness
of this cotton, Parkinson calls it Virginian
silk. The roots of A. decumhens are diaphoretic
and sudorific, and have the singular property
of exciting general perspiration, without
increasing the heat of the body ; it is used in
Virginia against pleurisy. A. tuberósa is used
in the United States as a mild cathartic, and
as a remedy for a variety of disorders, Synonymes:
1, A. laurifblia; 2, Gyndnchum Ipecacuanha
; 3, A, connivens ; 4. A. purpurdscens;
5, A. hljhrida, ^QQ Andntherix, Calòtropis, Cyndnchiim,
Làmia, Gomphocàr])us, Gymnèma,
Sarcostémma, Styldndra, and Xysmalòbium.
acuminata Red . . 7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer. 1826
alexìaca . Green . H. Ev. Tw. 6 Ceylon . 1816
8, H. Hor. P. 3 N. Amer. 1732
7. H. Her, P. 2 IST. Amer. 1816
intestinal worm, and cmdo^ to kill, because of
its medical properties. Linn. 19, Or. 1, ISTat.
Or. Asterdcece. Interesting, dwarfish annuals,
easily cultivated, with the treatment in com-
. Purple
^ Red .
White
White
7, H. Her. P. 3 Mexico . 1817
7, S. Ev. Tw. 6 Ceylon . 1810
7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer. 1825
7, S. lier. P. 1 N. Amer. 1818
amcena
amplexicaüiiö
angustifölia
.
asthmática
2
cinérea . Brown
citrifölia . White
cornütl
curassávica Scarlet
álba . . White
dbbilis . . White
decúmbens Orange
Douglásii . Red gr.
exaltata 3 Purple
Greeniána White
incarnata . Purple
Linaria . White
linifolia . White
longifölia . Pa. pur.
mexicána. White
nivea . . White
obtusifölia Purple
parviñóra. White
paupércula Red .
phytolaccoides
7, S. Her. P. 3 S. Amer. 1692
7, S. Her. P. 3 S. Amer.
7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer. 1818
7, H. Tu. P. 2 N. Amer. 1731
6, H. Her. P. l^N. Amer. 1846
7, H. Her. P. 6 X. Amer. 1800
S. Ev. S. 2 .1828
7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer. 1710
7, G. Her. P. 2 Mexico . 1802
7, H. Her. P. 3 Mexico . 1818
7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer, 1816
7, G. Her. S. 3 Mexico . 1821
8, H. Her. P. 3 N. Amer. 1780
7, H. Her. P. 3 N. Amer. 1820
9, G. Her. P. 3 N. Amer. 1774
7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer. 1817
•Purple 7, H. Her. P. 3 K Amer. 1812
^ c'hya^" } ' ^ ^^^^
pulchélla . Straw S. Ev. Tw. Silhet . 1850
púlchra . Pui-ple . 7, H. Her. P. 2 N. Amer.
I Purple 7, II.CCNB D « Her. P. 3 N. Amor. 1732
E 2