i \
lili»
í ;
:í >. l Î
r I
its beneficial influence npon the nerves, and
for other supposed virtues ; but our physicians
have not discovered any proofs of its
eificacy in Europe. Synonymcs: 1, P . concMf
d l i i c m ; 2, P . c h r y s o p l i f l l u m . See A r d l i a .
aculeiUum . Green . 11. S. Her. P. H China 1773
arbòreum . Green
attenuàtum. Groen
cochleîitum 1 Green
concbifòlium Yel. .
hórridum . AVhito
fràgrans . . Green
fruticòsum . Green
Morótoni 2 . Green
[iiinq\
li um
8, G. Ev. T. 20 N. Zeal. 1820
6, S. Ev.
T. 20 Ind. 18-J3
6, S. Ev.
S. 2 Moluc. . 1820
6, S. Ev.
S. 20 Guiana. 1820
5, H. De.
6, S. Ev. -
8, S. Ev. S. 6 Ternate 1800
8, S. Ev. T. 20 Cayenne 1822
6 N. Ame. 1829
8 E. Ind. . 1816
S.
S.
'^iium^'^^^' } • ^^ ^^^^
triSuum . Green . 5, H. Her. P. i N. Ame. 1759
PANCRATIUM, Herbert From pan, all, and
IcratySj potent; supposed medicinal A^irtues.
L i n n . 6, Or. 1, JSIat. Or. A i n a r i j l l i d ^ e m .
'J'hese are handsome, well-known bulbous
plants, requiring to be grown in a composition
of three parts light sandy loam, and one
part vegetable mould ; they are increased by
offsets from the roots, or by seeds, from which
the new varieties are obtained. The bulbs of
P . marUimum are emetic. Synonymes: 1,
P . m<'.xicanum., l l e m e r o c d l l i s a c u t i f o l i a . See
C a l l i i h a u m a , C l i l i d d n i h i i s , G o M r g h i a , B u r y -
cles, H y m e n o c d l l i s , Ismene, Stenomisson.
acntif6Iium 1 White . 6, S. Bl. P. 2 Mexico
6, S. Bl. P. 2 Jamaica
6, S. Bl. P. 1 Guiana
6, S. Bl. P. l i
6, S. Bl. P. 1 E. Ind. . 1820
• 6, G. Bl. P. LV Canaries . 1815
6, S. Bl. P. W. Ind. . 1730
6, F. Bl. P. 2 Carolina . 1759
6, S. Bl. P. I J S. Amer. .
6, S. Bl P. 2 W. Ind. . 1825
6, S. Bl. P. S. Amer. .
6, S. Bl. P. 2
6. S. Bl. P. 2 W. Ind. . 1820
5, S. Bl. P. 1 W. Ind. . 1819
11, S. Bl. P. 2 Guiana . 1815
5, G. Bl. P. 1 . 1846
5, H. Bl. P. S. E\ir. . 1615
6, S. Bl. P. U S. Amer. . 1758
6, S. Bl. P. 2 E. Ind. . 1810
6, H. Bl. P. 2 S. Ein\ . 1597
8, S. Bl. P. 1 Mexico . 1732
6, S. Bl. P. 1 W. Ind. .
7, S. Bl. P. 2 W. Ind. . 1822
8, S Bl. P. 2 Brazil . . 1820
7, S. Bl. P. Macao . . 1827
8, F. Bl. P. 1 Carolina . 1803
7, S. Bl. P. U W. Ind. . 1759
. 6, S. Bl. P. 1 S. Amer..
. 7, S. Bl. P. H E. Ind. . 1776
" • 1752
candelabrum. White
americimum. White
amd3num . White
angustum . White
bitibrum . . White
canarifSnse . White
caribsfeum . White
carolinianum White
crassifoUum. White
declinatum . White
distich\mi . White
Bry^ndri. . White
expdnsum . White
fragrans . . White
guian^nse . White
hiimile . . Yellow
illyricum . White
littorMe . . White
longifl5rum . AVhite
maritimum . White
mexic£\num. White
ovatum . . White
piltens . . White
pedale . . White
plicfcUum . . White
rotiltum . . White
speci6sum . White
undul^tum . White
verecundum. White
zeyliinicum . White
1824
1820
1790
White
White
White
White
White
White
, White
White
White
White
White
White
White
edhlis . .
élegans
fasciculh-ris
f{fetidus .
furcatus .
hîimills .
in èrmi s
integrifòlius
lítevis , .
latifòlius .
longifòluis
m argin àt us
muricàtus
odoratíssiinus White
pedunculìxtus AVhite
pygmasus
refléxus .
séssilis
spirìilis
turbinât us
îitilis . .
White
White
White
White
White
White
PAP
. 6, S. Ev. T. 50 Guinea . 1826
. 7, S. Ev. T 20 Madagas. 1824
. 6, S. Ev. T. 20 I ofFrancel826
. 8, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind. . 1822
. 6, S. Ev. T. 10 E. Ind. . 1818
. 5, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind. . 1824
. 5, S. Ev. T. 6 Maurit.
. 8, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind.
1818
. 6, S. Ev. T. 20 E Ind.
18-23
. 6, S. Ev. T. 12 Java .
1823
. 7, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind.
1820
. 6, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind
1829
. 6, S. Ev. T. 20 E Ind.
1828
. 6, S. Ev. T. 25 Madagas. 1826
. 7, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind. . 1771
6, S. Ev. T. 20 N. Holl
1825
6, S. Ev. S. 8 Madagas. 1830
. S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind. . 1818
. 9, S. Ev. T. 20 E. Ind. . 1820
. 6, S. Ev. T. 20N. S. W. 1805
. e, S. Ev T. 20 E. Ind. . 1823
. 5, S. Ev. T. 20 Bourbon
PANDUKATE, iiddle-shaped.
PANGiAcEiE, or PANGIADS. An order of trees
closely related to P a p a y a d s . They are all
natives of the tropics.
PANICEOTJS, eatable, good for bread.
PANIC-GRASS. See P d n i e i m ,
PANIC-GRASS. See E h r a r t a 'pavicea.
PANICLE, a loose disposition of inflorescence, as
oats.
PANICLED, or PANICULATE, forming a panicle.
PANICULATELY-BRANCHED, loosely branched.
PANICULATELY-RACEMOSE, a panicle formed by
numerous ra.cemes.
PINICUM, L i n n . From p a n i c i d a , a panicle, or
2yanis, bread. L i n n . 3, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Gramindcece
^ A useful genus of grasses. P . m i l i -
dceum is frequently soAvn for feeding poultry,
and is sometimes used as a substitute for rice.
P . arlorSscens is said by Linnseus to equal in
height the loftiest trees in the East Indies,
though the culm is little thicker than a goose's
quill ; it grows in the woods and jungles. In
cultivation, the species grow in any common
soil, and are increased by dividing the roots,
or by seeds. See A r n n d i n a r i a , C^ nodon ^ E c l i i '
nochloa ^ PennisUum^ T r i c h o l d i n a .
6, S. Bl. P. 1 Ceylon
PANDANACE^, or SCREW-PINES, are a group of
plants nearly resembling palms. They very
often send down aerial roots, which descend
nntil they reach the ground. Some species
bear eatable seed^, and others are useful in
medicine.
PAKDINUS, L i n n . From pandang, a word in
the Malay language, signifying conspicuous.
L i n n . 22, Or. 1, iiat. Or. PandandcecB. This
stately, fine-looking genus has received the
English name, Screw-pine, on account of the
appearance of the plants ; they thrive in a
light loamy soil. Some of the species produce
suckers, by which they may be increased.
^Ibus . . . White . 5. S. Ev. T. 10 E. Ind. . 1818
amaryllifdUus White . 6, S. Ev. S. 10 E. Ind. . 1820
7, Grass 1 E. Ind.
8, Grass ^ E. Ind.
6, Grass 2 Jamaica
7, Grass 2 E. Ind.
7, Grass E. Ind.
6, Grass E. Ind.
8, Grass W. Ind.
7, Grass | N. Aroer.
. 1801
. 1699
. ISOl
. ISIO
. 1596
. 1805
. 1822
. 1820
lorizoldea . . Apetal
col6num . . Apetal
fasciculatxim Apetal
frumentà- U petal
ceum . ) ^
miliàceum . Apetal
muricatum . Apetal
oryzoldes . Apetal
proliferum . Apetal
a l M s s i m i i m , ânceps, arhoréscens, arnndindceum,
o . s p é r r i m i m , attenudtum, U c o l o r , I r e v i f d l i i t m ,
c a p i l l d r e , c. m i n o r , carthaginénse, elandestin
i t m , coloràtum, costdticm, decûmhens, dichôtomum,
d i f f ù s u m , divarieàtim^ , flàvidnm, f u s -
c i i m , germdnieum, gongylodes, h i s p i d ù l u m ,
î n d i c u m , i n t e r r ï t p t u m , i t d l i c i i m , loeve, l a t i f o -
l i i i m , l â x u m , m a r g i n d t i i m , m d x i m u m , m i l i d r e ,
môlle, nervbsnvi, n î t i d u m , n u m i d i d n n m , p a l ;
m d f o l i w n , pdtens, p l i c d t w n , rèpens, t e n é l l u m ,
u l i g i n o s u m , v i l l o s i i m , v i r g d t u m .
PANOCÓCCA-BABK. See S w d r t z i a tomenibm.
PANZÍÍRIA. See Leonùrus.
PAPÁVER, L i n n . Erom papa, pap, or thick
milk ; the juice of the poppy was formerly
used in children's food, to make them sleep.
• il. J
PAP 417 PAß
L i n n . 13, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Papaverdccaz. ^ P .
somniferum is cultivated in the vicinity of
London ; the capsules are sold to the druggists
for the oinuTu which is obtained from them.
The i)lants succeed in a light rich soil. The
perennial kinds are increased by dividing at
the roots. All the species are narcotic. Synomjmes:
1, P . B ü r s c r i ; 2, P . p u l e U r r i m n m ;
3 , P . aicranttacicm ; 4, P . a l p l n u m ; P .
o l y m p i a i m . See Meconopsis.
alplnum 1 . White . 7, H- Her. P. ä Austria . 1759
ai4(i3num. . Vermil. G, I I . A. 1 N. Ind. .183-
arenilrium . Ked .6,11. A. 1 Caucasus 1828
Argömone . Scarlct. 6, 11. A. H B^'it., cor. fie
ariSeniacum Ycl. . S, H. A. ü Armenia 1815
bracteatum2 Red . 5, H. Her. P. 4 Siberia . 1817
caucäsicum . Ked . 6, H. A. U Caucasus 1813
commutritumScarlet. 7, H. A. 2 Siberia .1839
croceum . . Saffron. 5, H. Her. P. 1 Altai . . 1829
dtibiuitj . . Scarlet. 6, H.
flòre 6Xbo . White . 6, H.
floriluindum Scarlet. 6, H.
ftigax . . . Pa.carm.G, H.
gariepinum . Scarlet. 6, H.
hórridum . lied . 7, H
Lybrldum . Scarlet. 6, H.
Igevigàtum . Hod . 6, 11.
rQicroclirpum Ycl.
nudicaùle . Yel.
A. 2 Brit., fields.
A. 2 Tauria .
B. Levant . 1815
A. 2 Persia . 1827
A. 4 Africa . 1835
A. 2 N. Hell. . 1825
A. I J Eng., cha. fie.
^ _ A. 1 Caucasus 1823
6 H. Her. P. 1 Kamtsch. 1824
. 7, H. Her. P. U Siberia . 1730
coccineum . Ked era. 4, H. Her. P. I • 1S20
glabrLUum . Yel. . 7, H. Her. P. i Siberia .1800
lutcum . . Yel. . 7, H. Her. P. 1| gtberia . 1730
radicatum . Yel. . 7, H. Her. P. Norway . 1800
orientMe . .Ked . 5, H. Her. P. 3 Armenia. 1714
c6ncolor . Scarlet. 6, H. Her. P. 3 S. Eur. .
macurnum Scarlet. C, H. Her. P. 3 S.Eur. .
obtusif6- ^ Q H. A. 3 Africa .
hum . j ' -r. . -r^ .
p^rsicum . Brick . 6, H. Her. P. Persia .
pilosum 5. . Kedwt. 4, H. Her. P. 2^- Greece .
pyrcnalcum3 Ycl. . 7, H. Her. P. 1 Pyrenees
puniceum 4 Red . 6, H. Her. P. 1 Switzcrl.
1714
1714
1828
1830
1852
Bhc^as . . Scarlet. 6, H.
álbum . . White . 6, H.
ctirneum . Flesh . 6, H.
coccineum . Scarlet. 6, H.
maculatum Varieg. 6, H.
múltiplex . Varieg.
varicgatum Varieg.
Roubiáíi . . Red
rubro-aurantiacum
setigerum . White
somniferum. "White
álbo-pl^numVarieg. 7, H.
álbum . . White . 7, H.
fimbriatum Varieg. 7, H.
nigrum . . Purple . 7, H.
variegatum Varieg. 7. H.
trilöbum . . Red . 6, H.
A. 2 Brit., cor. fie.
A. Brit., gardens.
A. Brit., gardens.
A. l i Brit., gardens.
A. Brit., cor. fie.
A- Brit, gardens.
A. i j Brit., gardens.
A. 1 Montpcl. 1823
P A P H Ì N I A , L i n d l e y . L i n n . 20, Or. 1, N a t . Or.
G, H.
6, H.
C, H.
7, H. Her. P. | Dahuria . 1822
7, H.
7, H.
Orchiddcece, For culture, &c., see M a x i l l d r i a .
Bynomjme: 1, M a x i l l d r i a c r i s t d t u .
cristUta 1 . Wilt. pur. . 7, S. Epi. \ Trinidad . 1843
PAPILIONÀCEÌE. See Faldcem.
PAPILIONACEOUS, butterfly-shaped flowers, as the
common pea.
PAPÌLL^, small, soft excrescences.
PAPILLOSE, or PAPILLOUS, having small glandular
A. 2 S. Eur. . 1824
A. 3 Eng., cor. fie,
A. 3 Brit., gardens.
A. 3 Brit., gardens.
A. 3 Brit., gardens.
A. 3 Brit., gardens.
A. 3 Brit., gardens.
A. 3 Brit., gardens.
A. 2 Holland . 1818
PAPAYERICEÌE, or POPPY-woRTS A wellknown
order of herbaceous plants, small
shrubs, and annuals, bearing showy but very
fuo-itive flowers. All possess a peculiar narcotic
property, which is extracted and used
under the name of opium.
PAPAW-TREE. See C a r i c a P a p d y a .
PAPAYA. See C à r i c a P a p a y a .
PAPAYÀCE^, or PAPAW-TREES. A group ot
slirubs and trees sometimes yielding an acrid
milky juice. The fruit of C à r i c a P a p d y a is
eaten when cooked, and esteemed by some persons
; but its chief value is, that it forms an
excellent vermifuge ; and other species are
very useful in medicine.
PAPER-MULBERRY. See B r o u s s o n U i a p a p y r l f e r a .
excresences, like pimples.
PAPPÓPHORUM, S c h r e U r . From pap)pos, down,
and phoreo, to carry. L i n n . 3, Or. 2, Nat. Or.
Gramindcece. Grasses of no interest, increased
b y s e e d s — l a g i i r o i d e L i m , n i g r i -
cans, p l ì h o ì d c s .
PAPPUS, crown of the fruit of Compositse, and
PAsPimULilÌaEr, prloaunntsd., soft, watery protuberances.
PAPULOSE, covered with papulse.
PAPYRÀCEÌE. See Cyperdceas.
PAPYRACEOUS, resembling paper.
PAPYRUS, W i l l d e n o w . From the Syrian, hahecr ;
whence the Egyptian word p a p i j r u s , paper.
L i n n . 3, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Cypcrdcem. This is a
splendid genus, requiring to be grown in a tub
or large pot of water, with rich mud at the
bottom ; increased from divisions, or by seeds.
The famed P a p y r u s of the Egyptians was obtained
from our P a p y r u s antiquòrum. Synonymes:
1, Cyperus élegaois ; 2, C. odordtus.
antiquòrum . Apetal . 8, S. Aq. P 12 Egypt . 180a
élegans 1 . .Apetal . 7, S. Aq. P. 6 W. Ind. 1820
laxifiùrus . . Apetal . 7, S. Aq. P. G Madagas. 1822
odoriitas 2. . Apetal . 7, S. Aq. P. 12 W. Ind. 181^
PARA-NUTS, or BRAZIL-NUTS, are the fruit of
B e r i l i o l U i a excélsa.
PARABOLICAL, form of a parabola, longer than
broad, tapering gradually to both ends.
P A R A G U A Y TEA. See I l e x paraguénsis.
PARÀLIAS. See E u p l i o r U a P a r d l i a s .
PARASTRANTIIUS, Don. From p a r a s t r e p l i o , ta
invert, and a n i l i o s , a flower ; the flowers are
upside down compared with those of the other
genera of the order. L i n n . 5, Or. 1, iTat. Or..
LoUlidcem. These beautiful plants are easily
cultivated in a mixture of loam, peat, and"
sand ; and increased by dividing at the roots.-
' Synonym,es : 1 , Lobelia lùtea ; 2, L . u n i d c n t d t a y
3 , L . v a r i i f U i a .
. 6, H. Her. P. \ C. G. H. 1774.
. 7, H. Her. P. \ C. G. H. 1794-
. 0, H. Her. P. 1 C. G. H 1812-
S e e Doronicwn P a r d a l i -
simplex 1 . Yellow
unidcntàta2. Blue .
Yariifòlia 3 . Yellow
PARDALIANCHES.
dnches.
PARDANT. HUwS, - Ker From pardoSy a leopard,
and anthos, a flower ; alluding to the spotted
flowers. L i n n . 3, Or. 1, Kat. Or. I r i d d / i e c e .
A liandsome genus, succeeding in light rich
soil; when planted in the open border the
plants require a little protection in severe weather.
Increased by divisions, or by seeds.
chin^nsis . Orange
nepal^nsis . Orange
. 6, H. Her. P. 2 China . 1759
. 6, H. Her. P. 2 Nepal . 1823
PAREIRA BRAVA ROOT. See Cissdmpclos.
PARENCHYMA, parts of plants consisting of cellular
tissue only. .
PARIAH-ARRACK, is an intoxicating drink, made
E E