Ö ANNALS OP .THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA.
Dr. FrmiH arrangement.
Â. Perianth consiatiiig of 3, rarely 2, wborls ; perianth and stamens hypogynous,
or stamens only inserted on a diso surrounding the pistils,
.a Pistils in the flower apooarpous, mature earpols the same or coanate.
a. Filnmenta (oonneotives) not dilated above the anther, sometimes
few ; mature carpels apocarpous ; haira simple . . . I. Miliiiseoe.
ß. Connective above the anther broader than the latter, truncate
or elongated (except in Anona rhizani/ia).
I . At least the outer petals imbrioate, spreading or suborect.
Stamens many II. JTiwkce.
I I . Petals valvate.
1°. Petals not constricted above the concave basal part,
not gibbous on the doreal surface.
X. Petals of about the same size, spreading
or little connivent ; stamens many ; hairs
simple III. JJnoneoe.
XX. Petals all of them or the inner ones erect,
covering each other with their surfaces j
stamens many ; fruit not adherent ; hairs
simple IV. Mclodorece.
sxx. Inner petals mostly clawed, upwards touching
each other along their edges or glued
together ; stamens sometimes few ; fruit
free ; flowers small Y. -
2°. Petals concave near their base, above the base :
or less constricted, then again dilated c
or laterally compressed YI. .
b. Fruit syncarpous, unilocular ; ovules parietal ; petals more or less
connate at their base, valvate YII. Monodoreoe.
B. Perianth wanting ; stamens perigynous ; pistils many, free . . . . YIII. Eupomatieoe.
The genera are an-anged by Dr. Prantl in tbese tribes as follows :—
la Miîiusioe, Alphonsea, Bocagea, Mezzettia, Clathrospermum, Kingsionia, Ozandra,
Sageroea, Miliusa.
In Uvarieee, Uvaria, ElKpeîa, Tetrapetalum, Stelechoearpus, Asimina, Porcelia,
Sphoevotkalamus, Guatteria, CleistocMamys, Cardiopetalum, Duguetia.
In Unoneoe, Anaxayorea, Trigyneia, Cgmbopetalum, Enantia, XTnona, Canavga^ Polyalthia,
Disepaluni, Ararocarpus.
In Melodoreaî, Oxymitra, Melodorum, Pipiostigma, Phceanthiig, Meteropetalum, Airutregiu.
In Mitrephoreoe, Mdrcphorq, Popowia, Orophea, Rauwcnhoffia.
In Xylopicoe, Xylopia, Hczalohus, Cyathocalyx, Artabotrys, Anona, Rollinia.
In Monodoreie, Monodora.
In Eupomatiaï, Eupomatia.
The family with which the Anonaeeoe are most nearly allied is the Magnoliaceoe ;
the îôrna.ry symmetry,' multiple fruits, alternate, simple, entire leaves, and the woody
habit being the chief points of agreement. On the other hand, the limitation of
the pieces of the perianth to nine in Anomceoe ; the dehiscence of the fruit and the
frequent presence of stipules and of an arülus in Magnoliaceoe afford points of difference.
In the seeds of both orders albumen is present, which in Anonaeeoe. is invariably, and in
ANONACE^ OP BRITISH INDIA. ^
MannoHaceoe never, rnmihatc. The diclinous flowers of Stelechocarpus point to an
alliance not only with the scandent Magnoliads Kadmra and Schizandra, but also with
Mm.pnmacece. The relationship to Mcnispermaceoe rests, however, on much stronger
grounds than this: for in the seeds of that order albumen occurs which, although
often curved in a fashion not obtaining in Anonaeeoe, is in some species ruminate, and
in not a few is broken up into areoloe by the intrusion of membranous projections
from the surface of the seed. Menispatnacm, however, differ frcm Anonaeeoe an the
small size of their flowers and the nature of the inflorescence, in the number of pieces
of the perianth, the structure of the stamens, and in the form of the embryo. With
MvrMica there is an alliance through the copious ruminate albumen, the woody habit
end the leaves ; but the invariably diclinous apetalous flowers and the monadelpbous
stamens of the Nutmegs are characters whioli really place the two orders far apart. In
the opinion of M. Bâillon there is a relationship to Monimiaceoe through Eupomatia.
But the latter genus is aberrant from the Anocaceous type in so many particulars that it
seems scarcely warrantable to found, on its characters, an alliance with a family which
presents so few features in common with the majority of Anonaeeoe.
By far the larger proportion of the species of Anonaeeoe axe natives of warm climates,
their distribution being confined between 40° North and 40° South latitude. They are
most abundant in the tropics of the Old World, less so in the warmer parts of both
North and South America, and altogether absent in Europe. The most anomalous genera
of the oràev-Evpofmtia and Monodora—axG confined respectively to Australia and Africa;
while the species of the three genera in which the ripe carpels are united, viz., Aleremoa,
'Rollinia, and Anona, are American, with the exception of a few of the latter which are
natives of tropical Africa. It is true that some species of Anona are now very abundant
in an apparently wild state in some parts of the Malay Archipelago and the
continent of British India; but the researches of R. Bro^-n^ and of Von Martius® have
conclusively shown that they wore introduced into India by the Portuguese on account
of theù- edible fruits, and that they are really natives of South America and, according
to the latter author, of the Antilles. The genera Supranthus, Porcellia, Conanga, Ozandra,
the true Bocageos, Rollinia, Gymhopelalmi and ILeteropetalum are confined to America;
while Cleisiochlamys, Sexalohus, Enantia, Clathrospermum and Piptostigma are exclusively
African. Vvaria, Unona, and Xylopia are distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia, and
America : species of Anazagorea and Phoeanthus are found both in Asia and in tropical
America. Popowia and MiUnsa extend to Asia and Australia; while Oxymitra and
Artahotrys are distributed both in Asia and Africa.
Asiatic, viz., atdechocarpus, Sageroea, Cyathostemma^
Cyathocalyx, Drcpnnantlm, Canangium, Polyalthia,
Mitrephora, Mchdorum, Saecopetalum, Alphonsea, Kingsionia, Mezsettia, Eburopetalum, Enicosanthcmum,
and Marcuccia.
The remaining genera are exclusively
ieia, Sphcsrothalamus, Tetrapetalum,
Gonio thalamus, Orophea,
Although I have considered it necessary in the preceding paragraphs to give an outline
of the arrangement of the whole family, the present monograph attempts to give
a detailed account only of those species which are indigenous to British India proper,
to that part of the Malayan Peninsula which is under British protection, to the islands
' R. Brown, Boian's cf the Corjo, 6. {Misc. "Works, ed. Benn. I. 105).
' Von Martius Fl. JSmsil i Anonacea, 51.
ANN. EOY. BOT. GARD. CALCUTTA YOL. I V .