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: 1 I •
I
figured by Vahl and Gilibert. — Several species {Primula cashmiriana Munro, P. erosa Wall.) have
been separated from Primula denticulata Sm. {Exot. Bot. II, 109, tab. 114), but the name P. denticulata
has been rightly kept for the form which Smith described and figured under this name.
Art. 48. When a subgenus or section or species is moved into another
genus, when a variety or other division of a species is moved into another species,
retaining there the same rank, the original name of the subgenus or section, tlie first
specific epithet, or the original name of the division of the species must be retained
or must be re-established, unless, in the new position there exists one of the obstacles
indicated in the ai’ticles of section 7.
Examples. — The subgenus Alfredia Less. {Syn. p. 6, 1832) of the genus Rhaponticum
keeps its name when placed in the genus Carduus-. Carduus sect. Alfredia Benth. et Hook, fil.; the
section Vaccaria DC. of the genus Saponaria keeps its name when placed in the genus Gypsophila-.
Gypsophila sect. Vaccaria Gren. et Godr. — Lotus siliquosus L. Syst. ed. 10. p. 1178 (1759) when
transferred to the genus Tetragonolobus must be called Tetragonolobus siliquosus Roth Tent. Fl. germ.
I. 323 (1788) and not 7'etragonolobus Scandalida Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2, II, 87 (1772). — Betula incana
L. Suppl. p. 417 (1781) when transferred to the genus Alnus must be called Alnus incana Willd.
Sp. PI. IV, 335 (1805), not Alnus lanuginosa Gilib. Exerc. Phytol. II, 402 (1792). — Satyrium nigrum
L. Sp. PI. ed. 1, 944 (1753), when placed in the genus Nigritella must be called Nigritella nigra
Reichb. f. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. XIV, 102 (1851), not Nigritella angustifolia Rich, in Mém. Mus.
Par. IV, 56 (1818). — The variety y micranthum Gren. et Godr. (Fl. France, I, 171 [1847]) of
Helianthemum italicum Pers., when transferred as a variety to H. penicillatum Thib. retains its name:
H. penicillatum var. a micranthum Grosser (in Engl. Pflamenreich, Heft 14, p. 115 [1903]). The
variety subcarnosa Hook. fil. [Bot. Antarct. Voy. I, 5 1847]) of Cardamine hirsuta L., when transferred
as a variety to C. glacialis DC., retains its name: C. glacialis var. subcarnosa 0. E. Schulz
(in Engl. Bot. fah rb . XXXII, 542 [1903]); the citation of an earlier synonym {Cardamine propinqua
Carmichael in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII, 507 [1818]) has no influence on the choice of the name of
the variety (see art. 49). In all these cases, older but incorrect combinations must give place to
more recent combinations in which the rule has been observed.
Art. 49. When a tribe becomes a family, a subgenus or a section becomes
a genus, a subdivision of a species becomes a species, or the reverse of these changes
takes place, and speaking generally when a group changes its rank, the earliest name
(or combination of names) received by the group in its new position must be regarded
as valid, if it is in conformity with the rules, unless there exist any of the obstacles
indicated in the articles of section 7.
Examples. — The section Campanopsis R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl., 561 (1810) of the
genus Campanula, was first raised to generic rank by Schrader, and must be called Wahlenbergia
Schrad. Cat. Hort. Goett. (1814) not Campanopsis 0 . Kuntze Rev. Gen. II, 378 (1891). — Magnolia
virginiana L. var. foetida L. Sp. p i. ed. 1, p. 536 (1753), raised to specific rank, must be called Magnolia
grandiflora L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1082 (1759) not Magnolia foetida Sarg. in Gard, and For.
II, 615 (1889). — Mentha spicata L. var. viridis L. Sp. p l., ed. 1, 576 (1753) was raised to the
rank of a species by Hudson, and must be called Mentha spicata Huds. Fl. angl. ed. 1, p. 221
(1762) not Mentha viridis L. Sp. p l., ed. 2, 804 (1763). — Lythrum intermedium Ledeb. {Ind. Hort.
Dorp. [1822]), regarded as a variety of L. Salicaria L., must be called L. Salicaria y 2cs. gracilius Turcz.
(in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, XVII, 235 [1844]), not L. Salicaria var. intermedium Koehne (in Engl.
Bot. fahrb. I, 327 [1881]). In all these cases names which are in accordance with the old law of
Alphonse de Candolle must give place to older names and combinations.
R e com men d a tio n s . Authors who make the changes discussed in article 49 should note
the following recommendations in order to avoid a change of name in case of a change of rank
X X IZ . 1®. When a sub-tribe becomes a tribe, when a tribe becomes a subfamily, when
a subfamily becomes a family, etc., or when the inverse changes occur, do not alter the root of a
name but only the termination {-inae, -eae, -oideae, -aceae, -ineae, -ales, etc.), unless, in the new position,
one of the obstacles indicated in the articles of section 7, supervenes, or the new designation becomes
a source of error, or there is some other serious reason against it.
2 When a section or a subgenus becomes a genus, or the inverse changes take place,
retain the old names, unless this results in two genera of plants having the same name, or the
existence of two subdivisions of the same name in the same genus, or one of the obstacles indicated
in the articles of section 7 supervenes.
3 When a subdivision of a species becomes a species or the inverse change occurs, retain
the original epithets, unless this results in two species bearing the same name in the same genus, or
two subdivisions bearing the same name in the same species, or unless any of the obstacles indicated
in section 7 supervenes.
Art. 49^'®. Among Fungi with a pleomorphic life-cycle the different successive
states of the same species (anamorphoses, status) can bear only one generic and
specific name (binomial) that is the earliest which has been given, starting from Fries,
Systema, or Persoon, Synopsis, to the state containing the form which it has been
agreed to call the perfect form, provided that the name is otherwise in conformity
with the rules. The perfect state is that which ends in the ascus stage in the Asco-
mycetes, in the basidium in the Basidiomycetes, in the teleutospore or its equivalent
in the Uredinales, and in the spore in the Ustilaginales.
Generic and specific names given to other states have only a temporary
value. They cannot replace a generic name already existing and applying to one or
more species, any one of which contains the “perfect“ form.
The nomenclature of Fungi which have not a pleomorphic life-cycle follows
the ordinary rules.
Examples. ■— The names Aecidium Pers., Caeoma Link and Uredo Pers. designate different
states (aecidiosporic with or without pseudoperidium, uredosporic) in the group Uredinales. The generic
name Melampsora Cast. [Obs. II, 18 (1843)], applied to a genus which is defined by means of the
teleutospores, cannot therefore be replaced by the name Uredo Pers. [in Römer Neu. Mag. I, 93
(1794)] since the name Uredo is already used to designate a state. — Among the Dotbideaceae
(Ascomycetes) a species of the genus Phyllachora Nitschke, P. Trifolii (Pers.) Fuck. Symb. 217
1869—70) has an older synonym, Polythrincium T'rifolii G. Kunze Myk. Heft. I, 13, t. 1 f. 8 (1817)
based on the conidial state of this species. The name Polythrincium cannot displace that of Phyllachora
because it represents an inferior state. — The name Phoma Fries emend. Desm. has been given to a
group of Fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycetes), several members of which have been recognised as the
spermogonial state of species of the genus Diaporthe (Valsaceae, Ascomycetes) : thus Phoma Ailanthi
Sacc. belongs to Diaporthe Ailanthi Sacc., Phoma alnea (Nitschke) Sacc. to Diaporthe alnea Fuck.,
Phoma detrusa (Fries) Fuck, to Diaporthe detrusa Sacc. etc. But the perfect state of many species
of the ’genus' Phoma is not known and in some cases probably does not exist. Hence the practical
necessity for retaining the name Phoma to designate the group of Fungi Imperfecti in question.
* i l
Section 7. On name s that are to be rejceted, changed or modified.
Art. 50. No one is authorised to reject, change or modify a name (or combination
of names) because it is badly chosen, or disagreeable, or another is preferable
or better known, or because of the existence of an earlier homonym which