head of the Canvas-back approach somewhat to the form of the Pintail Duck, being much
lengthened, and of equal breadth throughout. First quill the longest.
Female.—Ground colour of the upper plumage and flanks liver-brown ; sides of the head,
neck, and breast, ferruginous ; shoulders, shorter scapulars, and under plumage, edged with
the same. Middle of the back and wing coverts clove-brown, finely undulated with greyish-
white. There are no undulated markings on the tertiaries and secondaries, and only a few
on the tips of the scapulars. Bill as in the male ; the neck more slender.
Length, total ,\
,, of tail
,, of wing
Dimensions
Of the male.
Inch. Lin. 24 Inch.. Lin. Inch Lin 6 Length of bill above . . 2 4 Length of tarsus . 1 10
2 9 „ of bill to frontal angle 2 10 ,, of middle toe . - 2 10i . 9 6 | of bill to rictus . 2 8 ,, of outer toe . 3 0 —R.
[ 2 1 1 .] 2 . F u l i g u l a f e r i n a . (Stephens.) 1 The Pochard.
Sub-f amily, Fuliguhnae, Swains. Genus, Fuligula, Ray.
Pochard Duck. Penn. Arct. Zool., ii., p. 560, No. 491'.
Red-headed Duck (Anas ferina ?). Wils., viii., p. 110, pi. 70, f. 6.
Canard milouin (Anas ferina). Temm., ii., p. 8681
Fuligula ferina. Bonap. Syn., p. 31, No. 339.
DESCRIPTION.
Colour.—Head and neck brilliant reddish-orange; base of the neck, breast, fore part of
the back, rump, and upper and under tail coverts, pitch-black; scapulars, interscapulars,
flanks, thighs, and vent, finely undulated with white and clove-brown; belly whitish, with
faint lines ; posterior part of the back blackish-brown, partially undulated with fine grey lines.
Wings hair-brown ; the secondaries bluish-grey, narrowly tipped with white, and the two
adjoining tertiaries edged with black: axillary feathers and under coverts pure white. B ill:
upper mandible light blue; its tip, a narrow belt round its base, and the under mandible,
black. Legs black.
F orm.— Bill rather longer than the head, but considerably shorter, in proportion, than
that of the last; the upper laminae lying entirely within the edges of the mandible; epidermis,
when dry, wrinkled near the unguis. Tail very short, and, like that of the rest of the
American Fuligula, consisting of fourteen feathers; the lateral ones graduated. First quill
feather the longest.
Female, liver-brown above, with pale edgings ; forehead, base of the neck, sides of the
breast, and flanks, chestnut, edged with yellowish-brown. Chin, throat, and fore part of the
belly, greyish-white. Wings, bill, and legs as in the male.
Length, total . I2n2ch . L0in.
,, of tail . . 2 9
„ of wing . . 9 0
Dimensions
Of the male.
Length of bill above . . Inch. Lin. 1 11
„ of bill to frontal angle 2 4
„ of bill to rictus . 2 3
Length of tarsus . Inch. Lin. . 1 71
,, of middle toe . 2 44
„ of outer toe • . 2 5 —R.
[212.] 3. F u l i g u l a m a r i l a . (Bonap.) The Scaup Duck.
Sub-family, Fuligulinse, Swains. Genus, Fuligula, Ray.
Anas marila. Forst. Phil. Trans., lxii., p. 413, No. 29.
Scaup Duck (Anas marila). • P e n n ., Arct. Zool., ii., p. 565, No. 498.
W il s ., viii., p. 84, pi. 79, f. 3.
Fuligula marila. Bonap. Syn., p. 392, No. 340.
Tawquawgew-’sheep. Crees and Saulteur Indians.
DESCRIPTION
Of a male, killed on the Saskatchewan.
Colour.—Head and upper part of the neck black, reflecting deep violet and green ; lower
part of the neck, posterior part of the back, the breast, and under tail coverts, pitch-black ;
scapulars and interscapulars greyish-white, rather coarsely undulated with black. Wings
hair-brown, the primaries paler in the middle; the secondaries white, with brown tips ; the
tertiaries glossed with green; and the lesser coverts and inner tertiaries finely dotted or undulated
with white.' Betty greyish-white, mixed with greyish-brown posteriorly; flanks pure
white, the tips.slightly undulated. Bill greyish-blue. Irides yellow.. Legs blackish-brown.
F orm, „typical.—Bill rather shorter than the head, wide, much depressed and obviously
b ro a d e s t before the nostrils; pitted near the point; the unguis small and distinct, as in the
two last species. " Lamina strong, cutting: u p p e r ones entirely within the margin of the
mandible. Head rather large. Wings an inch and a quarter shorter than the tail; first
quiOllu trh es ploencgimeset.ns are smaller than English ones killed in the winter, the head, bill, wings,
and legs, in particular, being proportionally smaller, and the bill; less high at the base.—A
variety, nearly corresponding with the English one in size, is also found in the fur-countries,
where it is distinguished by the epithet of “ ICeetchee (bigger) tawquawgew-’sheep;” but
an attentive examination of a number of specimens disclosed no peculiarities which could
characterise it as a distinct species, except its size*. The undulated markings on the back
and wings are darker and less extended than in the English specimens,
Dimensions.
Small yar. Large var. English. Small var. Large var. English.
Inch. Lin. Inch. Lin. Inch. Lin. Inch. Lin. Inch. Lin. Inch. Lin.
, total 18 0 21 0 20' 0 Length of tarsus . 1 4 1 6 1 6
of tail . . . 2 8 3 0 2 8 „ of middle toe . 2 1 2 54 2 44
of wing . 7 9 8 10 8 10 ,, of middle nail. . 0 4 0 0 4
of bill above » . 1 6£ 1 10 1 9£ ,, of hind toe . . 0 6 0 7 i 0 7
of bill to frontal angle 1 9 2 14 2 1 „ of hind nail 0 If 0 U 0 2
of bill to rictus . 2 1 2 6 2 4* — R .
* One of these varieties (if such they be) is common upon the lakes of Mexico.—Sw.