T able II.
The following is a List of Birds which are found at all seasons of the year in some district
or other of the F or C ountries.
Falconid-k. Falco islandicus, Accipiter (Astur) palumbanus.
Strigid« . Strix otus, S, cinerea, S. nebulosa, S. (Bubo) Virginiana, S. (B.) arctiea,
S. nyctea, S. funerea, S. Tengmalmi, S. Acadica.
LaniaT)*. Lanius borealis, L. excubitorides, L. elegans.
Sylviadie. Parus atricapillus.
Fringiludai. Emberiza (Plectrophanes) nivalis, E. (P.) Lapponica, Pyrrhula (Corytbus)
enudeator, Loxia leucoptera, Linaria minor.
C orvid.-i:. Corvus corax, C. pica, Garrulus Canadensis, G. brachyrhynehns. .
P ic id .®. Picus (Dryotomus) pileatus, P. (Dendrocopus) villosus, P. (D.) pubescens, P.
(Apternius) tridactylus, P. (A.) arcticus.
T ktraosidad Tetrao umbellus, T. obscurus, T. Canadensis, T. Franklinii, T. (Lagopus)
saliceti T. (L.) rupestris, T. (L.) leucurus, T. (Centrocercus) nrophasiaiius, T. (C.)
pbasianellus.------In all 38.
As some of these, however, entirely quit their breeding stations in the winter
and go southwards, they ought to be considered as migratory, although their
range is comparatively limited. Thus the Lagopi quit the barren grounds, where
they breed and seek shelter during winter in the more southerly wooded districts.
The Plectrophanes breed on the Arctic coasts, and winter in the southern
parts of the Fur Countries, migrating through eighteen or twenty degrees of
latitude. Many of the Strigidce, the Laniadce, and Picidce, retire from the sea-
coast into the denser parts of the woods in winter, some individuals, however,
remaining all the year in their breeding quarters. Numbers also of the Parus
atricapillus and Linaria minor remain in the severest seasons in all parts of the
Fur Countries; but in some winters, at uncertain intervals, they appear in large
flocks within the territory of the United States. Somateria mollissima and S.
spectabilis, and Uria Brunnichii, U. troile, and U. grylle, ought also to be
reckoned among the birds that winter in high latitudes, as many remain all the
winter wherever they can find open water, although they also visit the coasts
of the United States in that season in smaller numbers.
Table III.
List of Species of which considerable numbers are resident all the year in the F ur Countries,
but of which detachments (mostly young birds?) visit the United States in winter.
F alcon id.® . Accipiter (Astur) palumbarius ?
Strigid®. Strix funerea, St. nyctea.
L aniad®. Lanius borealis.
F ringillid®. Emberiza (Plectrophanes) nivalis, E. (P.) Lapponica, Pyrrhula (Corythus)
enucleator, Loxia leucoptera, Linaria minor (visits the United States in some winters only).
C orvid®. Garrulus Canadensis. Corvus pica (Missouri in winter).
Anatid®. Somateria mollissima.—This and the three following species keep the sea in the
higher latitudes, a few individuals only resorting to the coasts of the United States.
A lcad®. Uria troile, U. Brunnichii, U. grylle.------In all 15.
T able IV.
List of Species which are resident all th e year both in the F ur C ountries and in
P ennsylvania.
St rig id®. Strix otus, St. nebulosa ? St. (Bubo) Virginiana.
Sylviad®. Parus atricapillus.
Corvid®. Corvus Corax.
P ic id®. Picus (Dryotomus) pileatus, P. (Dendrocopus) villosus, P. (D.) pubescens.------8.
T able V.
List of Species which are resident all the year in P ennsylvania, and visit the F ur
C ountries in summer only.
F alconid®. Aquila (Haliseetus) leucocephala, Falco sparverius, Accipiter Pennsylvanicus ?
Buteo borealis.
M erulid®. Merula migratoria. Only a few summer in Pennsylvania.
F r ingillid®. Fringilla (Zonotrichia) graminea, F. (Z.) Pennsylvanica.
Sturnid®. Sturnella Ludoviciana.
C orvid®. Corvus corone, Garrulus cristatus.
P ic id®. Picus (Dendrocopus) varius, Colaptes auratus. Melanerpes erythrocephalus.
G rallatores. Charadrius vociferus (seen nearly the whole year near Philadelphia), Va-
nellus melanogaster.------In all 15.