052 (52) MUSOI. (J IO S S E S .)
short-pointed from a convex base, and deciduous witli tho columella attached j
calyptra small, mitriform, 4 - 5-lobcd at the base. — (P, spluericum, j\fi(sc. AUeghan.,
No. 196.) — Banks of tho Ohio River subject to inundation. — A miiiuto
amuud : length of tho -whole plant 2" - 3". (Tab. IV.)
3. 1*. Br. & Sell. Stems gregarious, scarcely 1" higli;
leaves connivent, ovato-lanocolatc, acuminate, tho costa ceasing at tho apex or
excun-ent; capsule globose-pyriform, on an crcct pedicel (I" high), wido-
inouthed when dry ; opereiilum convex, apiculate ; calyptra very largo, t^vico as
long as tho capsule, fusiform, 4-sidcd, splitting on one side. — On tho ground,
Smi Miux’os, Texas, Vincennes, Indiana, (Eu.)
5 6 . A P I Ï A N O B H É G M A , Sulliv. (Tab. IV.)
Calypti-a small, cainpanulate-miti-ifonn, lobed at tho base. Operculum hemispherical,
apicidatc. Capsule immersed (including the operculum), spherical,
nem-ly sessile, exaumilatc. Peristome none. Inflorescence monoecious or licr-
maphi-oditc : pai-aphyses globoscly distended a t tho apex. — A genus, by its
feeble dehiscence, globose capsule, and tho chai-actcrs of vegetation, forming an
intermediate link between Physconiitrolla among Clcistocai-pous, and Phys-
comitrimn among Stegocai-pous Mosses. (Name from àepavrjs, unapparent,
and pi}y|Ua, rupture, or suture; i. e. dehiscence obscm-e.)
1. A . s e r r à t a , Sulliv. Stems 2 " - 3 " liigh, simple or innovating from
below the apex ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate, costate nearly to tho point of
a l a i ^ and loose hexagonal areolation ; capsule (when mature) separating under
pressure along an indistinct transverse suture (not visible at an early stage) into
two equal portions ; antheridia (occasionally intermixed with a few archegonia)
in tbe axils of the perichætial leaves, usually naked, sometimes -with 1 or 2
small perigonial leaves. — [Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad., n. ser. 4, p. 60, t. 2.) —
Damp soil, New England to Ohio. — Sü-ikingly like Physcomitrella patens;
distinguished mainly by its feeble operculation, and the denser texture of the
outer wall of the capsule. (Tab. IV.)
T k ib e XXTTT. SPLACHNÈÆ.
5 7 . S P E A C H I V I T M , L., Br. &Sch. Umbrella-Moss. (Tab. IV.)
Calyptra small, conic, entire or uneven a t the base : operculum convex or
mammillate. Capsule erect, obovate-oblong or subcylindrical, with a very large
spongy and differently colored obovate, globose or umbraculiform apophysis,
long-pedicellate. Peristome single, of 16 double teeth in pairs, reflexcd when
dry. Columella emergent, capitate. Inflorescence mostly dioecious : male
flower capituliform, terminal. — Plants of a peculiar structure, readily recognized
by the exceedingly large apophysis of the capsule ; perennial, cæspitose,
growing only on the dung of herbivorous animals ; stems innovating from below
the floral apex, dichotomous, of a succulent soft texture ; leaves lanceolate,
taper-pointed, thin and delicate, with large loose, oblong, hexagonal areolæ ;
costa slight, ceasing below the point. {"ZTrkayxvoV) a name used by Dioscorides
for some cryptogamous plant.)
MUSCI. ( m o s s e s .) (53) G53
1. S . s i i i ip t i l lA c c i l l v i , E. Stems ^ '- 2 ' long; leaves oblong- or olx>-
vatc-lunccolate, acuminate, entire or irregularly dentate ; apophysis violef-purjdc,
obovate, tapering into the pur])lish pedicel, and twice or tJjrice the width of the
yellow capsule. — New England to Pennsylvania : rare. (Tab. IV.) (Eu.)
2. S . L. Stems short ( 3 " -0 " ) ; leaves spatulate-obovatc, longpointed,
serrate, somewhat complicate and undulate on tho margins ; apophysis
deep red, very large, umbrella-shaped, 7 -1 0 times as wide as the minute capsule
; pedicels 4 '- 5Mong.— Maine, A. Young. (Eu.)
58. F E T I £ A P J L O I > O N , Br. & Sch. (Tab. IV.)
Calyptra small, conic, entire, or split on one side and somewhat cucnlliform.
Operculum conical-convex, obtuse. Capsule erect, small, oval-oblong, with a
solid clavate apophysis tapermg into an exserted pedicel. Peristome single, of
16 double teeth, at first in fours, aftenvards in pairs, reflexed when dry. Columella
not emergent. Inflorescence monoecious : male flower gemmifonn or
capitulæform, axillary or terminal. — A genus scarcely separable from the la st;
besides the above characters, the stems are more compactly cæspitose ; the apophysis
does not increase in size after the maturity of the capsule, and the color
and consistence of the two is uniform ; the cellular tissue of the leaves not so
lax ; and the habitat is on animal substances, or on the dung of carnivorous animals.
— (Name from rerpaTikoos^ fourfold, and oÔîuf, tooth ; the teeth of the peristome
being at first in fours.)
1. T . a n g ' i i s t à t u s , Br. & Sch. Stems ^ '- 3 ' long, radiculose; leaves
ercct-patent, remote, oblong-lanceolate, produced into a long flexuous point, ob-
solctcly or distinctly dentate ; apophysis oblong-obconic, somewhat wider than
the capsule ; calyptra whitish, conic, cuculliform, descending to the top of the
apophysis. — White Mountains of New Hampshire, B . D. Greene, Oalces : Lake
Superior, Boring. — A northern species. (Eu. )
2. F . a u s t r a l i s , SulUv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 151.) Resembling
very closely the last species ; leaves often -nitli 3 - 5 large tooth-like
lobes on each side, sometimes almost pinnatifid, rarely simply dentate or nearly
cnth-e; apophysis much longer and more tapering; teeth of the peristome less
deeply inserted within the capsule’s mouth, the rim of which has angular-rotund
(not transversely oblong) cellules; calyptra yellowish, elongated-conic, (not
split on one side,) descending scarcely to the base of the hemispherical apiculate
operculum. — (Splachnuni setaceum, Hook. ^ Wils. in Drum. 2d coll. Xo. 27 ;
— not of Michx., whose plant was from Canada, and most probably belongs to
the preceding species.) — Swamps, near the sea-coast, New Jersey to Elorida,
—I t is doubtful whether this species belongs to the present, or to the last
genus. (Tab. IV.)
3. T . iB m io id e s , Br. & Sch. Stems high; leaves erect-patent,
rather close, elliptic-oblong or obovate, concave, suddenly attenuated into a long
flexuous point ; capsule and its clavate apophysis of about the same '^'idth, both
dark red. — Catskill Mountains, New York, Olneij. (Eu.)